BS 5975:2019 — Tracked changes

compares BS 5975:2019
This is a preview of "BS 5975:2019 - TC". Click here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store.
with BS 5975:2008+A1:2011

BSI Standards Publication

Code of practice for temporary works procedures

and the permissible stress design of falsework
 TRACKED CHANGES

This is a preview of "BS 5975:2019 - TC". Click here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store.

IMPORTANT — PLEASE NOTE

This is a tracked changes copy and uses the following colour coding:

Test example 1 — indicates added text (in green)

Test example 2 — indicates removed text (in red)
— indicates added graphic figure or table
— indicates removed graphic figure or table

About tracked changes

This document is a combined PDF containing a “tracked changes”
version of BS 5975, which compares BS 5975:2019 with
BS 5975:2008+A1:2011.

The original version of BS 5975:2019, appended at the end of this

document, should be considered the version of record for this
publication.

© The British Standards Institution 2019

Published by BSI Standards Limited 2019
ISBN 978 0 539 05133 9

Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

Date Text affected
 This is
06/12/2018 a preview of "BS 5975:2019 - TC". Click here
Version to purchase
comparison the full9001
- BSI Essentials: version from the ANSI store.

Code of practice for temporary works procedures and the

permissible stress design of falsework

Version comparison
This version comparison compares where new and revised clauses are located between BS 5975:2019 and
BS 5975:2008+A1:2011.

BS 5975:2019 to BS 5975:2008+A1:2011

BS 5975:2019 BS 5975:2008+A1:2011

Foreword Foreword

Introduction NEW

Section 1: General Section 1: General

1 Scope 1 Scope

2 Normative references 2 Normative references

3 Terms and definitions 3 Terms and definitions

4 Abbreviations and symbols 4 Abbreviations and symbols

5 Overview of temporary works procedures
NEW
and training
5.1 Overview of procedures NEW

5.2 Training NEW

DELETED 5 Legislation

DELETED 5.1 General

DELETED 5.2 The Health and Safety at Work, etc. Act 1974

DELETED 5.3 The Management of Health and Safety at Work

Regulations 1999
DELETED 5.4 The Personal Protective Equipment at Work
Regulations 1992
DELETED 5.5 Work at Height Regulations 2005 as amended
by the Work at Height (Amendment)
Regulations 2007
DELETED 5.6 The Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment
Regulations 1998

https://iso9001online.bsigroup.com/auth/5A8GKBSHYS7A/iso9001/Home/Page?type=Mapping 1/10
 of "BS 5975:2019 - TC". Click here to5.7
DELETED
This is a preview The
purchase Provision
the and from
full version Use ofthe
Work Equipment
ANSI store.
Regulations 1998 (as amended)
DELETED 5.8 Construction (Design and Management)
Regulations 2007

Section 2: Procedural control of temporary works Section 2: Procedural control of temporary works

6 Procedures 6 Procedures

6.1 Introduction to procedural control NEW

6.2 Temporary works register NEW

DELETED 6.1 General

DELETED 6.2 Control of procedures

DELETED 6.3 Roles and responsibilities of organizations

7 Clients’ procedures NEW

7.1 General (Commercial/public clients) NEW

7.2 Clients appointing contractors other than PCs NEW

7.3 Client's DI NEW

7.4 Domestic clients NEW

DELETED 7 Appointment of the temporary works co-

ordinator and the temporary works
supervisor
DELETED 7.1 Appointment of the temporary works co-
ordinator
DELETED 7.2 Responsibilities of the temporary works co-
ordinator
DELETED 7.3 Appointment of the temporary works
supervisor(s)
DELETED 7.4 Responsibilities of the temporary works
supervisor(s)

8 Designers’ procedures NEW

8.1 General NEW

8.2 Designers' DI NEW

8.3 Permanent works designers NEW

8.4 Temporary works designers NEW

8.5 Principal designers NEW

DELETED 8 Design brief

This
9 is a preview of "BSprocedures
Contractors’ 5975:2019 - TC". Click here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store.
NEW

9.1 Organizational interfaces 6.4 Organizational interfaces

9.2 Contractors' DI NEW

9.3 Responsibilities NEW

9.4 Principal contractor NEW

9.5 Contractors other than PC NEW

9.6 Third-party employed contractor NEW

DELETED 9 Design

DELETED 9.1 General

DELETED 9.2 Design check

DELETED 9.3 Avoidance of progressive collapse

DELETED 9.4 Choice of temporary works solution

DELETED 9.5 Selection of materials and components

10 Supplier/manufacturer procedures NEW

10.1 Suppliers of temporary works equipment NEW

10.2 Suppliers’ DI NEW

10.3 Suppliers’ procedures NEW

10.4 Verification of design information NEW

10.5 Provision of information NEW

10.6 Provision of design data NEW

10.7 Provision of information for the safe use of
NEW
equipment
10.8 Standard solutions NEW

DELETED 10 Co-ordination and supervision of work on site

11 Temporary works co-ordinator NEW

11.1 General NEW

11.2 The PC's TWC NEW

11.3 The TWC (other than the PC's TWC) NEW

This is a preview of "BS 5975:2019 - TC". Click here to11
DELETED purchase the full on
Checking version
site from the ANSI store.

DELETED 11.1 General

DELETED 11.2 When to check

12 Temporary works supervisor NEW

12.1 General NEW

12.2 Role of the TWS NEW

12.3 Duties of the TWS NEW

DELETED 12 Alterations

13 Design of temporary works NEW

13.1 General NEW

13.2 Design brief NEW

13.3 Design guidance NEW

13.4 Choice of temporary works NEW

13.5 Selection of materials and components NEW

13.6 Design output NEW

13.7 Design check NEW

13.8 Resolution of queries raised by the design
NEW
checker
13.9 Alterations NEW

13.10 Standard solutions NEW

13 Loading (bringing) the temporary works (into
DELETED
service)
14 Site considerations NEW
14.1 Co-ordination, supervision and checking of
NEW
work on site
14.2 Loading and unloading temporary works NEW

14.3 Dismantling NEW

DELETED 14 Dismantling

Section 3: Falsework Section 3: Falsework

15 General 15 General
This
16is a preview of "BS 5975:2019 - TC". Click here to16
Materials purchase the full version from the ANSI store.
Materials

16.1 General considerations 16.1 General considerations

16.2 Testing and inspection 16.2 Testing and inspection

16.3 Steelwork (other than scaffold tube) 16.3 Steelwork (other than scaffold tube)

16.4 Timber 16.4 Timber

16.5 Concrete and concrete components 16.5 Concrete and concrete components

16.6 Brickwork and blockwork 16.6 Brickwork and blockwork

16.7 Other materials 16.7 Other materials

16.8 Steel scaffold tubes, couplers and other 16.8 Steel scaffold tubes, couplers and other
fittings fittings
16.9 Manufactured components for falsework 16.9 Manufactured components for falsework

17 Loads applied to falsework 17 Loads applied to falsework

17.1 General 17.1 General

17.2 Weights of materials 17.2 Weights of materials

17.3 Self-weights 17.3 Self-weights

17.4 Imposed loads 17.4 Imposed loads

17.5 Environmental loads 17.5 Environmental loads

18 Foundations and ground conditions 18 Foundations and ground conditions

18.1 General 18.1 General

18.2 Site investigation for falsework foundations 18.2 Site investigation for falsework foundations

18.3 Testing of soils 18.3 Testing of soils

18.4 Allowable bearing pressures 18.4 Allowable bearing pressures

18.5 Modification factors applied to presumed 18.5 Modification factors applied to presumed
bearing pressures bearing pressures
18.6 Simple foundations on sands and gravels 18.6 Simple foundations on sands and gravels

18.7 Simple foundations on cohesive soils 18.7 Simple foundations on cohesive soils

18.8 Heavy vibrations 18.8 Heavy vibrations

18.9 Fill material 18.9 Fill material

18.10 Piles 18.10 Piles

This is a preview
18.11 of "BS
Protection 5975:2019
of the - TC".
foundation area Click here to18.11
purchase the full version
Protection from the ANSI
of the foundation area store.

19 Design of falsework 19 Design of falsework

19.1 Preamble to design 19.1 Preamble to design

19.2 Forces applied to falsework 19.2 Forces applied to falsework

19.3 Analysis of the structure 19.3 Analysis of the structure

19.4 Design 19.4 Design

19.5 Beams and lattice girders 19.5 Beams and lattice girders

19.6 Foundations 19.6 Foundations

19.7 Additional considerations affecting certain 19.7 Additional considerations affecting certain
design solutions design solutions
20 Work on site 20 Work on site

20.1 Introduction 20.1 Introduction

20.2 Specific design instructions 20.2 Specific design instructions

20.3 General workmanship 20.3 General workmanship

20.4 Checking falsework 20.4 Checking falsework

20.5 Application of loads to falsework 20.5 Application of loads to falsework

20.6 Dismantling 20.6 Dismantling

20.7 Maintenance, inspection and identification of 20.7 Maintenance, inspection and identification of
materials materials
Annex A (normative) Permissible stresses and Annex A (normative) Permissible stresses and modulus
modulus of elasticity for steel grades generally of elasticity for steel grades generally used in
used in falsework falsework
Annex B (normative) Properties of components in Annex B (normative) Properties of components in
tube and coupler falsework tube and coupler falsework
Annex C (normative) Initial testing, quality control Annex C (normative) Initial testing, quality control and
and inspection of falsework equipment inspection of falsework equipment
Annex D (normative) Data on material properties Annex D (normative) Data on material properties

Annex E (normative) Wave forces Annex E (normative) Wave forces

Annex F (normative) Site investigations for Annex F (normative) Site investigations for
foundations for falseworks foundations for falseworks
Annex G (informative) Examples of design brief Annex G (informative) Examples of design brief
contents contents

Annex H (informative) Forces from concrete on Annex H (informative) Forces from concrete on
sloping soffits sloping soffits
 Annex
This is a Ipreview
(informative)
of "BS Blank
5975:2019 - TC". Click here toAnnex I (informative)
purchase Blankfrom the ANSI store.
the full version

Annex J (normative) Design of steel beams at points Annex J (normative) Design of steel beams at points of
of reaction or concentrated loads reaction or concentrated loads

Annex K (normative) Effective lengths of steel Annex K (normative) Effective lengths of steel
members in compression members in compression
Annex L (informative) Wind calculations for Annex L (informative) Wind calculations for falsework
falsework
Annex M (normative) Shielding factor η for unclad Annex M (normative) Shielding factor η for unclad
falsework falsework
Bibliography Bibliography

Index Index
 BS 5975:2008+A1:20112019 BRITISH STANDARD

This is a preview of "BS 5975:2019 - TC". Click here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store.

Publishing and copyright information

The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.

© BSI 2011The British Standards Institution 2019

Published by BSI Standards Limited 2019

ISBN 9780580742576978 0 580 96022 2

ICS 91.220

The following BSI references relate to the work on this standarddocument:

Committee reference B/514/26
Draft for comment 07/30150912 DC, 11/30240689 DC17/30349707 DC

Publication history
First published March 1982
Second edition March 1996
Third edition December 2008

Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

Date Text affected

October 2011 See foreword

© THE BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION 2019 – ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

 BRITISH STANDARD BS 5975:2008+A1:20112019

This is a preview of "BS 5975:2019 - TC". Click here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store.
Contents Page

Foreword vii
Introduction 1
Section 1: General 2
1 Scope 2
2 Normative references 2
3 Terms and definitions 4
4 Abbreviations and symbols 10
5 Overview of temporary works procedures and training 21
5.1 Overview of procedures 21
Figure 1 — Typical contractual interfaces between parties on a project 25
Figure 2 — Lines of responsibilities where a single contractor or a principal contractor (PC) is
co-ordinating the temporary works 27
Figure 3 — Lines of responsibility where either a principal contractor's (PC) appointed sub-
contractor or a client's contractor co-ordinate their own temporary works 29
Figure 4 — Schematic representation of relationships between principal contractor and
contractor (client appointed or sub-contractor) including PC’s TWC and contractor’s TWC 30
5.2 Training 31
Section 2: Procedural control of temporary works 33
6 Procedures 33
6.1 Introduction to procedural control 33
Table 1 — Implementation risk classes for temporary works and examples of mitigation measures 38
6.2 Temporary works register 39
7 Clients’ procedures 40
7.1 General (Commercial/public clients) 40
7.2 Clients appointing contractors other than PCs 41
7.3 Client's DI 41
7.4 Domestic clients 42
8 Designers’ procedures 43
8.1 General 43
8.2 Designers' DI 44
8.3 Permanent works designers 44
8.4 Temporary works designers 45
8.5 Principal designers 45
9 Contractors’ procedures 46
9.1 Organizational interfaces 46
9.2 Contractors' DI 47
9.3 Responsibilities 48
9.4 Principal contractor 50
9.5 Contractors other than PC 50
9.6 Third-party employed contractor 51
10 Supplier/manufacturer procedures 52
10.1 Suppliers of temporary works equipment 52
10.2 Suppliers’ DI 52
10.3 Suppliers’ procedures 52
10.4 Verification of design information 53
10.5 Provision of information 53
10.6 Provision of design data 53
10.7 Provision of information for the safe use of equipment 54

© THE BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION 2019 – ALL RIGHTS RESERVED I

 BS 5975:2008+A1:20112019 BRITISH STANDARD

This is a preview of "BS 5975:2019 - TC". Click here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store.
10.8 Standard solutions 54
11 Temporary works co-ordinator 54
11.1 General 54
11.2 The PC's TWC 54
11.3 The TWC (other than the PC's TWC) 57
12 Temporary works supervisor 60
12.1 General 60
12.2 Role of the TWS 61
12.3 Duties of the TWS 61
13 Design of temporary works 62
13.1 General 62
13.2 Design brief 62
13.3 Design guidance 64
13.4 Choice of temporary works 66
13.5 Selection of materials and components 67
13.6 Design output 67
13.7 Design check 68
Table 2 — Categories of design check in temporary works 69
13.8 Resolution of queries raised by the design checker 70
13.9 Alterations 72
13.10 Standard solutions 72
14 Site considerations 73
14.1 Co-ordination, supervision and checking of work on site 73
14.2 Loading and unloading temporary works 74
14.3 Dismantling 75
Section 3: Falsework 76
15 General 76
16 Materials 76
16.1 General considerations 76
16.2 Testing and inspection 76
16.3 Steelwork (other than scaffold tube) 77
16.4 Timber 78
Table 3 — Basic stresses and moduli of elasticity for the wet condition 79
Table 4 — Softwood species which satisfy strength classes in accordance with BS 4978 79
Table 5 — North American softwood species and grade combinations which satisfy strength
classes in accordance with national lumber grades authority (NLGA) and national grading rules
for dimension lumber (NGRDL) joist and plank rules 80
Table 6 — Hardwoods which satisfy the strength classes graded to BS 5756:2007 80
Table 7 — Preferred target sizes and actual dimensions for constructional sawn softwood timber 81
Table 8 — Modification factor K3 for duration of load on falsework 82
Table 9 — Modification factor K4 for bearing stress 83
Table 10 — Maximum depth-to-breadth ratios 83
Figure 5 — Shear stress on a timber beam of rectangular cross-section 84
Table 11 — Depth modification factor K7 for solid timbers less than 300 mm depth 85
Table 12 — Permissible stresses and moduli of elasticity for general falsework applications 86
Table 13 — Permissible stresses and moduli of elasticity for load-sharing falsework applications 86
Table 14 — Commercial grade timber suitable to produce mainly class C16 timber 87
16.5 Concrete and concrete components 87
16.6 Brickwork and blockwork 89
16.7 Other materials 89

II © THE BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION 2019 – ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

 BRITISH STANDARD BS 5975:2008+A1:20112019

This is a preview
16.8 of "BS
Steel scaffold 5975:2019
tubes, - TC".
couplers and Click
other here to purchase the full version from the ANSI
fittings 90store.
16.9 Manufactured components for falsework 91
Table 15 — Adjustable steel prop heights 89
Figure 6 — Safe working loads for BS 4074:1982 props erected 1.5° out-of-plumb 94
Figure 7 — Safe working load for BS 1065:1999 props erected 1° maximum out-of-plumb and
with up to 10 mm maximum eccentricity of loading 96
17 Loads applied to falsework 97
17.1 General 97
17.2 Weights of materials 98
17.3 Self-weights 98
17.4 Imposed loads 98
17.5 Environmental loads 101
Figure 8 — Fundamental basic wind velocity vb,map (in m/s) 104
Figure 9 — Topography factor Twind diagram 105
Table 16 — Combined exposure factor, ce (z)ce,T 106
Figure 10 — Displacement height diagram 107
Figure 11 — Town, country and sea 107
Table 17 — Force coefficients cf for falsework 110
Figure 12 — Wind on soffit parallel to secondary bearers 111
Figure 13 — Wind on soffit parallel to primary bearers 112
Figure 14 — Wind on two edge forms 113
Figure 15 — Shelter factor 114
Figure 16 — Wind on more than two edge forms 115
Figure 17 — Wind loading – Combined formwork and unclad falsework (upper limit) 116
18 Foundations and ground conditions 122
18.1 General 122
18.2 Site investigation for falsework foundations 123
Table 18 — Presumed allowable bearing pressure under vertical static loading 123
18.3 Testing of soils 124
Table 19 — Identification and description of soils 125
18.4 Allowable bearing pressures 126
18.5 Modification factors applied to presumed bearing pressures 126
Table 20 — Ground water level modification factor 127
18.6 Simple foundations on sands and gravels 127
18.7 Simple foundations on cohesive soils 127
18.8 Heavy vibrations 127
18.9 Fill material 128
18.10 Piles 128
18.11 Protection of the foundation area 128
19 Design of falsework 129
19.1 Preamble to design 129
Figure 18 — Individual support members 130
Figure 19 — Panels to facilitate the erection of individual prop systems (elevation) 130
Figure 20 — Individual fully braced tower 130
Figure 21 — Proprietary system, partially braced by discrete panels 130
Figure 22 — Fully braced falsework system 131
19.2 Forces applied to falsework 132
19.3 Analysis of the structure 135
Figure 23 — Free-standing structure 136
Figure 24 — Top-restrained structure 136

© THE BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION 2019 – ALL RIGHTS RESERVED III

 BS 5975:2008+A1:20112019 BRITISH STANDARD

This is a previewFigure
of "BS255975:2019 - TC".
— Plate action Click here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store.
(plan view) 137
Figure 26 — Restraint provided on one side of the plate (plan view) 138
Figure 27 — Restraint provided on two perpendicular sides of the plate (plan view) 138
Figure 28 — Restraint provided on two parallel (opposite) sides of the plate (plan view) 138
Figure 29 — Restraint provided on three sides of the plate (plan view) 139
Figure 30 — Restraint provided on four sides of the plate (plan view) 139
Figure 31 — Restraint provided by four permanent works columns (plan view) 139
Figure 32 — Restraint provided by two permanent works columns (plan view) 139
Figure 33 — Concrete pressures applied and the subsequent rotational forces induced (typical
falsework plan) 140
Figure 34 — Effects of eccentricity and sway on top-restrained structures 141
Figure 35 — Effects of eccentricity and sway on freestanding structures 142
Figure 36 — Effects of FH on individual towers 142
Table 21 — Example of percentage of load transfer for less than 350 mm flat slabs 143
19.4 Design 143
Table 22 — Roles and responsibilities of temporary and permanent works designers 144
Table 23 — Requirements for stability checks in top-restrained falsework 145
Table 24 — Requirements for stability checks in free-standing structures 146
Figure 37 — Typical, free-standing, fully braced scaffolding (elevation) 148
Figure 38 — Typical, top-restrained, fully braced scaffolding (elevation) 148
Figure 39 — Member stability check for top-restrained systems (elevation) 150
Figure 40 — Considerations for partially braced frames 150
Figure 41 — Member stability check for free-standing systems (elevation) 151
Figure 42 — Considerations for free-standing partially braced frames 152
Figure 43 — Effective lengths in tube and coupler falsework 153
Figure 44 — Lateral stability check for top-restrained structures 155
Figure 45 — Lateral stability check for free-standing structures 155
Figure 46 — Working space and stability during erection, loading and dismantling 157
Figure 47 — Lateral restraint provided by friction 159
Table 25 — Recommended values of coefficient static friction μ 160
19.5 Beams and lattice girders 161
19.6 Foundations 161
Figure 48 — Base detail on slopes 163
19.7 Additional considerations affecting certain design solutions 164
Figure 49 — Suggested bracing arrangement for falsework erected on beams or girders 165
Figure 50 — Maximum deviation of load path 167
20 Work on site 168
20.1 Introduction 168
20.2 Specific design instructions 168
20.3 General workmanship 168
Figure 51 — Points of measurement of tolerances for purposely fabricated steelwork 171
Figure 52 — Skew lapping of primary beams to minimize eccentricity of load 172
20.4 Checking falsework 173
20.5 Application of loads to falsework 174
20.6 Dismantling 175
20.7 Maintenance, inspection and identification of materials 176
Annex A (normative) Permissible stresses and modulus of elasticity for steel grades generally
used in falsework 177
Figure A.1 — I beam dimensions 178

IV © THE BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION 2019 – ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

 BRITISH STANDARD BS 5975:2008+A1:20112019

This is a preview of "BS 5975:2019 - TC". Click here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store.
Table A.1 — Permissible bending stress in compressive members, pbc, for beams 179
Table A.2 — Permissible axial compressive stress, pc, on cross-section 180
Annex B (normative) Properties of components in tube and coupler falsework 181
Table B.1 — Section properties of scaffold tube 183
Table B.2 — Safe axial loads in compression for Type 4 steel scaffold tubes manufactured in
accordance with BS EN 39:2001 184
Table B.3 — Safe axial loads in compression for Type 4 steel scaffold tubes manufactured in
accordance with BS 1139-1:1982 185
Table B.4 — Safe working loads for individual couplers and fittings 186
Annex C (normative) Initial testing, quality control and inspection of falsework equipment 187
Annex D (normative) Data on material properties 189
Table D.1 — Modulus of elasticity for concrete 189
Table D.2 — Density of reinforced concrete 190
Table D.3 — Density ranges for lightweight concretes 190
Table D.4 — Masses of scaffolding material 191
Table D.5 — Masses and densities of men and materials 191
Table D.6 — Masses of corrugated steel sheeting 192
Annex E (normative) Wave forces 193
Figure E.1 — Non-breaking waves – Section diagrams 195
Annex F (normative) Site investigations for foundations for falseworks 196
Annex G (informative) Examples of design brief contents 198
Annex H (informative) Forces from concrete on sloping soffits 200
Figure H.1 — Distribution of forces on sloping soffits – Level surface, sloping base 200
Figure H.2 — Distribution of forces on sloping soffits – Sloping surface and sloping base 201
Figure H.3 — Distribution of forces on sloping soffits – All surfaces sloping and with top formwork 201
Figure H.4 — Freestanding falsework 202
Figure H.5 — Formwork connected to an existing structure 203
Figure H.6 — Arch falsework 203
Annex I (informative) Blank 204
Annex J (normative) Design of steel beams at points of reaction or concentrated loads 205
Table J.1 — Effective lengths and slenderness ratios of an unstiffened web acting as a column 207
Figure J.1 — Stress dispersion – Buckling 208
Figure J.2 — Stress dispersion – Bearing 209
Table J.2 — Effective lengths of load bearings 211
Annex K (normative) Effective lengths of steel members in compression 212
Figure K.1 — Positional restraint of steel members in axial compression 213
Table K.1 — Effective lengths of struts 214
Table K.2 — Effective lengths for beams without intermediate lateral restraint 215
Table K.3 — Effective lengths for cantilever beams without intermediate lateral restraint 217
Figure K.2 — Girder restraint (1) – Plan view 218
Figure K.3 — Girder restraint (2) – Plan view 231
Annex L (informative) Wind calculations for falsework 220
Table L.1 — Source of the basic wind equations 221
Table L.2 — Values of direction factor, cdir 223
Table L.3 — Combined roughness factor, cr (z)cr,T 228
Table L.4 — Turbulence intensity, Iv (z)flat 229

© THE BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION 2019 – ALL RIGHTS RESERVED V

 BS 5975:2008+A1:20112019 BRITISH STANDARD

Figure
This is a preview L.1 —
of "BS Orography factor,
5975:2019 - TC".coClick here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store.
230

Annex M (normative) Shielding factor η for unclad falsework 234

Table M.1 — Shielding factor, η 234
Bibliography 235
Index 240

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, and inside front cover, pages i to viii, pages 1 to 238, an inside back cover and
a back cover.

VI © THE BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION 2019 – ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

 BRITISH STANDARD BS 5975:2008+A1:20112019

This is a preview of "BS 5975:2019 - TC". Click here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store.
Foreword
Publishing information
This British Standard is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence from The British
Standards Institution, and came into effect on 31 December 2008May 2019. It was prepared by
Subcommittee B/514/26, Falsework on behalf, under the authority of Technical Committee B/514,
Access and support equipment. A list of organizations represented on this committeethese
committees can be obtained on request to its secretary.

Supersession
This British Standard supersedes BS 5975:2008+A1:2011, which is withdrawn.

Information about this document

The start and finish of text introduced or altered by Amendment No. 1 is indicated in the text by tags
.
A report on falsework by the Joint Committee of the Institution of Structural Engineers and the
Concrete Society [1] was published in 1971, following a number of significant collapses and an
apparent lack of authoritative guidance.
A further significant collapse of falsework (over the river Loddon, near Reading) occurred in
October 1972, resulting directly in the publication of the Bragg Report [2] in 1973/74.
This code of practice was first published in 1982. It reflected the recommendations of the Bragg
Report [2] and used, as the main reference document during the drafting stages, the report on
falsework by the Joint Committee of the Institution of Structural Engineers and the Concrete
Society [1].
It is believed that when first published, no previous standard or code referring to falsework was
known to exist anywhere in the world.
The standard drew together all those aspects that need to be considered when preparing a
falsework design using permissible stress methods, and in so doing included recommendations
for materials, design and work on site. Because the success of falsework is closely tied up with its
management, this code described procedures as well as technical aspects. The standard provided
guidance on the accuracy of construction required in order to be able to adopt the recommended
design approaches.
Recommendations were given on the actions that ought to be taken and possible ways of
allocating the duties to individuals. The Bragg Report [2] recommended that the duty of ensuring
that all the relevant procedures and checks are carried out be given to one individual in the
construction organisation, such an individual being known as the “temporary works co-
ordinator”. BS 5975:1982 endorsed such action, but adopted the narrower term “falsework co-
ordinator”, because the procedures section of the code did not consider the other activities
covered by the general term temporary works, such as scaffolding and excavations. This edition,
incorporating procedures for all temporary works, has reverted to the term “temporary works
co-ordinator”. A full description of the duties of the temporary works co-ordinator is included.
This standard re-emphasizes the Bragg Report [2] recommendations that the temporary
works co-ordinator be an individual employed by the construction organization now known as
the principal contractor, or on projects which are not notifiable under CDM 2007 [8], the main
contractor. This principle is similarly preferred for the appointment of any temporary works
supervisor.
A second edition of the standard was published in 1996.
This is a revision of Section 1 and Section 2 of this British Standard. Section 3 on the permissible
stress design of falsework remains unchanged. The following principal changes have been introduced
in this revision.

© THE BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION 2019 – ALL RIGHTS RESERVED VII

 BS 5975:2008+A1:20112019 BRITISH STANDARD

• BS 5975 was always intended to be used by all organizations involved in temporary works
This is a preview of "BS 5975:2019
and provided - TC".
details of theClick herefor
procedure to contractors
purchase to the full version
adopt, but lackedfrom
detailthe ANSI
about the store.
procedures for clients, permanent works designers and temporary works designers to adopt.
The detail on these procedures is now included.
• The text has been updated to take account of the Construction (Design and Management)
Regulations 2015 (CDM) [1], particularly in respect to the interface between the design of
permanent works and the design of temporary works.
• The terms and definitions have been updated.
• The principal contractor’s temporary works co-ordinator (PC's TWC) retains overall
responsibility for the temporary works on the site, but where another contractor manages their
own temporary works within that site, they have their own procedures and appoint their own
TWC. The committee understood that some organizations were using the temporary works
supervisor (TWS) of sub-contractors to act as de-facto TWCs but this is incorrect and the text has
been changed to reflect this.
• Section 2 has been updated to include recommendations for designers on the partial factors to
be used in limit state design of temporary works and on design considerations to be applied for
all temporary works design.
• Although a full revision of Section 3 has not been undertaken at this point, an important safety
point was brought to the committee’s attention and a relevant note has been added in 16.3.5.
The following matters, from the partial revision in 2011, were re-considered and it was confirmed they
were to be retained in this revision.
The European standard on falsework, BS EN 12812:2004 was published in 2004 and, exists in
parallel with this standardBritish Standard. It specifies performance requirements for the design of
falsework in accordance with one of three classes: A, B1 and B2. Limit state design methods are
specified for design classes B1 and B2. It does not provide guidance for the structural design of
Class A. It is recommended that Section 3 is used to provide guidance for Class A falsework.
BS EN 12812:2004 does not provide guidance on procedures necessary for the successful
management of work on site. The recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Falsework (the
Bragg Report [2]) in respect of the falseworktemporary works co-ordinator have not been included
in itBS EN 12812.
The foreword of this standard was amended in 2004, immediately following the publication
BS EN 12812:2004.

Subsequent to the publication of revision of BS EN 12812, this British Standard was updated in
2011, to BS EN 12812:2008BS 5975:2008+A1:2011, and , the drafting committee has taken the
opportunity to update the majority of this standard, retaining the principles of permissible stress
design. The the principal changes introduced by thisthat amendment arewere as follows.
• The term temporary works co-ordinator (TWC) has beenwas adopted to reflect the need for
procedural controls of all temporary works and to recognize that the majority of contractors
already control temporary works in this manner.
• Compliance with the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007 (COM) [3], [8]
has been incorporated, particularly in respect to the interface between the design of permanent
works and the design of temporary works.
• This amendment to BS 5975 introduces wind loading to BS EN 1991-1-4:2005+A1 and the UK
National Annex (NA). The background information in PD 6688-1-4:2009 has also informed this
revision.

VIII © THE BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION 2019 – ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

 BRITISH STANDARD BS 5975:2008+A1:20112019

• The section for the design of falsework has beenwas substantially rewritten, in
This is a preview of "BS 5975:2019 - TC".toClick
BS 5975:2008+A1:2011, bringhere to purchase
it up-to-date the full
with current version
practice andfrom the ANSI
materials. store.
it nowIt
defines the conditions for top restrained and free standing falsework and the dependency of
the former on the stability of the permanent works and plate action of the formwork.
Although the wind code BS EN 1991-1-4:2005+A1:2010 is widely applicable, its application in
accordance with its National Annex (NA to BS EN 1991-1-4:2005+A1:2010) restricts its use to the
UK. For other locations covered by BS EN 1991-1-4:2005+A1, users can refer to the relevant
National Annex. For locations outside of those covered by BS EN 1991-1-4:2005+A1, local design
codes are tocan be used to calculate the peak velocity pressure.
Users of this standardBritish Standard are reminded that it might be necessary for them to appraise
third parties, with whom they are not in contractual relations, of certain provisions in thethis code of
practice.

Use of this document

As a code of practice, this British Standard takes the form of guidance and recommendations. It
should not be quoted as if it were a specification and particular care should be taken to ensure that
claims of compliance are not misleading.
Any user claiming compliance with this British Standard is expected to be able to justify any course of
action that deviates from its recommendations.
It has been assumed in the preparation of this British Standard that the execution of its provisions
will be entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people, for whose use it has been
produced.

Presentational conventions
The provisions inof this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Its recommendations are
expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliary verb is “should”.
Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented in smaller italic type, and
does not constitute a normative element.
Where words have alternative spellings, the preferred spelling of The Shorter Oxford English
Dictionary is used (e.g. “organization” rather than “organisation”).

Contractual and legal considerations

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are
responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

© THE BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION 2019 – ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Ix

 BRITISH STANDARD BS 5975:2008+A1:20112019

This is a preview of "BS 5975:2019 - TC". Click here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store.

Introduction
This British Standard was first published in 1982. It reflected the recommendations of the Bragg
Report [2] and used, as the main reference document during the drafting stages, the report on
falsework by the Joint Committee of the Concrete Society and the Institution of Structural Engineers
[3]. These two reports were published in the 1970s following a number of significant collapses and
an apparent lack of authoritative guidance.
The standard drew together all those aspects that need to be considered when preparing a
falsework design using permissible stress methods, and in so doing included recommendations
for materials, design and work on site. Because the success of temporary works is closely tied up
with its management, this British Standard describes procedures as well as technical aspects. The
standard provides guidance on the accuracy of construction required in order to be able to adopt
the recommended design approaches.
Recommendations are given on the actions that ought to be taken and possible ways of allocating the
duties to individuals. The Bragg Report [2] recommended that the duty of ensuring that all the
relevant procedures and checks are carried out be given to one individual in the construction
organization, such an individual being known as the “temporary works co-ordinator”. BS 5975:1982
endorsed such action, but adopted the narrower term “falsework co-ordinator”, because the
procedures section of the standard did not consider the other activities covered by the general term
temporary works, such as scaffolding and excavations. The 2008 edition, incorporating procedures for
all temporary works, reverted to the term “temporary works co-ordinator”.
At the time of publication of the Bragg Report [2] the construction industry was very different from
the industry we know today. Health and safety legislation was just beginning to bring improvements
on sites. There was little sub-contracting of construction work and most trades were carried out by
the main contractor's operatives.
Today very little construction work is carried out by the main contractor, now known as the principal
contractor (PC), and in relation to health and safety legislation, the Construction (Design and
Management) Regulations 2015 (CDM) [1] recognize the various contractors and sub-contractors
which might be on site. The CDM Regulations require whoever appoints the PC, contractor or sub-
contractor to check that the organization is competent to do the work. The organizations which are
appointed also need to plan, manage and monitor their own work.
This philosophy was taken into account during this revision of BS 5975, to keep it aligned with
health and safety legislation, and allow the contractors and sub-contractors to plan, manage and
monitor their own work if they have the skills, knowledge, experience and organizational capability.
The PC has overall responsibility for work on site and in keeping with the recommendations in the
Bragg Report [2], the PC's temporary works co-ordinator (PC’s TWC) has overall responsibility for
all temporary works on the site, including those of contractors appointed by the client. With this in
mind, procedures specific to other organizations, such as clients, designers, contractors and sub-
contractors, and other roles have been introduced whilst ensuring responsibility is traceable from
the PC's TWC to the PC's temporary works DI to the PC's board of directors.
The Bragg Report [2] made recommendations about courses on civil engineering, which B/514/26,
the committee responsible for this British Standard, believe to be as relevant today as when they
were written. This standard therefore endorses the Bragg Report recommendations.

© THE BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION 2019 – ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1

BS 5975:2008+A1:20112019 BRITISH STANDARD

This is a preview of "BS 5975:2019 - TC". Click here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store.

Section 1: General

1 Scope
This British Standard gives recommendations and guidance on the procedural controls to be
applied to all aspects of temporary works in the construction industry. It also includes guidance on
design, specification, construction, use and dismantling of falsework. This standard gives guidance
on permissible stress design of all falsework. ThisThe guidance is also applicableapplies to the
design of what is termed class A falsework1) defined in BS EN 12812:2004, the design of which is
specifically excluded from BS EN 12812:2004.
Section 1 gives recommendations in relation to training and education.
Section 2 gives recommendations for the procedures required to ensure that temporary works are
conceived, designed, specified, constructed, used and dismantled all in a safe and controlled manner
suitable for all construction projects. These procedures include clauses relating to all roles involved in
temporary works: clients, permanent works designers, temporary works designers, contractors
(including construction management organizations), suppliers and manufacturers.
Construction sites and methods adopted for controlling the temporary works vary. This British
Standard recognizes that the extent of control measures required are greater on the larger or more
complex projects, as can be encountered on major infrastructure projects, power stations, airports
etc. Generally procedures are to be in accordance with this standard but additional client specific
procedures might be required on major infrastructure projects.
Section 3 covers the design of temporary works and in particular the design of falsework and relevant
formwork. In addition Section 3 covers: materials including material factors; loads and load factors;
design of falsework, including both proprietary equipment and traditional scaffolding solutions; wind
loading (reference to temporary and permanent stability) and reference to other British Standards
for the design of structural steelwork, reinforced concrete and excavation support. Although Section 3
was written for permissible stress design, the design concepts and the service loads stated are
applicable to limit state design. The loads, including wind loads, are the unfactored service loads and
conform to both BS EN 1991-1-4 and BS EN 12812.
The structural design element in this standardBritish Standard is additional information necessary
for the structural design of falsework. It can be used in conjunction with existing structural
standards.

2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable forreferred to in the applicationtext in such a
way that some or all of their content constitutes provisions of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.2
BS 449-2:1969, (withdrawn), Specification for the use of structural steel in building — Part 2: Metric
units
BS 648, (withdrawn), Schedule of weights of building materials

1 According to BS EN 12812 states that design class A is only to be adopted where: a) slabs have a cross-sectional area not exceeding 0.3 m2
per metre width of slab; b) beams have a cross-sectional area not exceeding 0.5 m2; c) the clear span of beams and slabs does not exceed
6.0 m; d) the height to the underside of the permanent structure does not exceed 3.5 m.
2 As Section 3 has not been updated as part of this revision, it refers to some standards which have now been withdrawn. These have been
marked as such.

2 THE BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION 2019 – ALL RIGHTS RESERVED