End of Unit Quiz – Unit 2.

6 Data representation
1. What is meant by a bit?

2. What is the highest value that can be represented by a nibble?

3. How many bits are there in a byte?

4. How many bytes do 12bits make?

5. How many megabytes are there in 3 gigabytes?

6. Convert the following 8-bit binary values into their denary (base 10) equivalent. You must
show your working out.

a. 00110111

b. 10101111

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 c. 11010110

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 7. Convert the following denary (base 10) values into their 8-bit binary equivalent. You must
show your working out.

a. 31

b. 104

c. 210

8.

a. Add the following two 8-bit binary values.

b. Add the following two 8-bit binary values.

c. An overflow error can occur when adding two 8-bit binary values. What is meant by
an overflow error?

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 9.
a. A logical shift instruction moves each bit in the binary value left or right. What is the
new value of 00101100 when a logic shift right by two is performed?

bi. What is the new value of 00011100 when a logic shift left by three is performed?

bii. Convert the new binary value into its denary (base-10) equivalent.

10.

a. The number 84 could be represented as either a denary value or a hexadecimal

value. If 84 is represented as a hexadecimal, calculate its denary value.

b. If 84 is represented as a denary, calculate its hexadecimal value.

c. Why do people use hexadecimal values to represent numbers stored in computers?

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 11.
a. Convert the following binary values into hexadecimal representation.
i. 00111100

ii. 10100101

iii. 11101111

b. Convert the following hexadecimal values into binary representation.

i. 98

ii. E7

iii. BE

12. Why is a check digit used?

13. What is meant by the term character set?

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 14. What does ASCII stand for?

15. Why would Extended ASCII be used?

16. What is meant by Unicode?

17. What is meant by a Pixel?

18. How many colours can be represented in an image with 8 bits? You must show your
working out.

19. Why is metadata included in a file?

20. How does the resolution of an image affect the size of the file?

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 21. Sampling intervals and other factors affect the size of a sound file and the quality of its
playback. What is meant by a bit rate?

22. How can sound be sampled and stored in digital form?

23.
a. Compression is often used to reduce the size of files before sending them
electronically. What is one advantage for compressing files in this way?

b. What is meant by lossy compression?

c. What is meant by loseless compression?

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Answers
1. What is meant by a bit?

The smallest representation of data consisting of either a 1 or 0. A single binary digit.

2. What is the highest value that can be represented by a nibble?

15

3. How many bits are there in a byte?

8 bits.

4. How many bytes do 12bits make?

12,288bytes or 12 000bytes is acceptable.

5. How many megabytes are there in 3 gigabytes?

3072Megabytes or 3000Mb is acceptable.

6. Convert the following 8-bit binary values into their denary (base 10) equivalent. You must
show your working out.

a. 00110111

55

b. 10101111

175

c. 11010110

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 214

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 7. Convert the following denary (base 10) values into their 8-bit binary equivalent. You must
show your working out.

a. 31

00011111

b. 104

01101000

c. 210

11010010

8.

a. Add the following two 8-bit binary values.

11000011

b. Add the following two 8-bit binary values.

1 01101011
reward correct carry over bit, 01101011; reward correct 8 bits

c. An overflow error can occur when adding two 8-bit binary values. What is meant by
an overflow error?

There is an extra carry/bit

The result exceeds 8 bits
The result is more than 255/11111111

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 9.
a. A logical shift instruction moves each bit in the binary value left or right. What is the
new value of 00101100 when a logic shift right by two is performed?

00001011

bi. What is the new value of 00011100 when a logic shift left by three is performed?

11100000

bii. Convert the new binary value into its denary (base-10) equivalent.

224

10.

a. The number 84 could be represented as either a denary value or a hexadecimal

value. If 84 is represented as a hexadecimal, calculate its denary value.

132 reward for showing working out i.e. 1000 0100/128 + 4 = 132.

b. If 84 is represented as a denary, calculate its hexadecimal value.

54 reward showing working out i.e. 64+16+4 = 84 = 0101 0100.

c. Why do people use hexadecimal values to represent numbers stored in computers?

Hexadecimal values are shorter than binary. Hexadecimal values are easier to
work with than binary. Hexadecimal values are easily converted. Hexadecimal
values are less susceptible to errors.

11.
a. Convert the following binary values into hexadecimal representation.
i. 00111100

3C

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 ii. 10100101

A5

iii. 11101111

EF

b. Convert the following hexadecimal values into binary representation.

i. 98

10011000

ii. E7

11100111

iii. BE

10111110

12. Why is a check digit used?

Used to ensure a range of numbers have been entered correctly. Detects errors on
identification numbers.

13. What is meant by the term character set?

The agreed set of code/bits to represent the computers’ main characters. Characters
available to a computer.

14. What does ASCII stand for?

American Standard Code for Information Interchange. 7-bit character system used to code
the character set the computer uses. A system that uses code to represent characters,
symbols and numbers.

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 15. Why would Extended ASCII be used?

To use an additional 128 symbols. To use other special characters found in different
languages.

16. What is meant by Unicode?

Up to 32 bits (4 bytes) used to encode set characters.

17. What is meant by a Pixel?

Smallest element that makes up an image

A picture/image element.

18. How many colours can be represented in an image with 8 bits? You must show your
working out.

256.

19. Why is metadata included in a file?

A computer needs to know the size of the image in terms of height, width and colour depth
in bits per pixel (bpp) …this allows the computer to recreate the image from binary.

20. How does the resolution of an image affect the size of the file?

The resolution of an image is the number of pixels per unit (pixels per inch). The more
pixels per inch the larger the file size.

21. Sampling intervals and other factors affect the size of a sound file and the quality of its
playback. What is meant by a bit rate?

The rate at which bits are transferred from one location to another. Number of bits that can
be transferred per second. Number of bits processed over a certain amount of time.

22. How can sound be sampled and stored in digital form?

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 Sound is continuously changing values (in analogue). Sound waves are sampled at set
intervals. Set values are saved and replayed. The sample rate affects the quality of the
sound/ a high sample rate (or sampling sound at shorter intervals) improves the quality of
the sound.

23.
a. Compression is often used to reduce the size of files before sending them
electronically. What is one advantage for compressing files in this way?

Reduce download size. Reduce download time when transferring a file. Reduce
storage requirement.

b. What is meant by lossy compression?

Removing data from a file (commonly images and sound) to reduce its size. Data is
lost when file is uncompressed which means that the image cannot be restored to
its original condition.

c. What is meant by loseless compression?

Compressing a file without losing any information. No bits are lost after the image
has been restored. All data is restored after file has been uncompressed.

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