International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Comparison between Top-Down Construction Method and Bottom-Up

Construction Method: Case Study
Kavya Prince1, Theertha S.L2, Sujithmon S.3, Joseph Zacheriah4, Ajesh K Kottuppillil5
1,2,3,4UG Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, SAINTGITS College of Engineering, Kerala, India
5Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SAINTGITS College of Engineering, Kerala, India
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Abstract - The construction of a building involves various Top-down construction method as the name implies, is a
processes such as site selection, survey, soil testing, locating construction method, which builds the permanent structure
ground water table, excavation of soil, structural design, members of the basement along with the excavation from
material availability, feasibility etc. There is different the top to the bottom. In this case the basement floors are
methodology used for building construction. According to constructed as the excavation progresses. Top-down
infrastructural requirements and limited space constraints construction method which provides the significant saving of
buildings with more basement floors are constructed now a the overall construction time has been adopted for some
days. Top-Down construction method can be adopted in such major projects where time factor is of primary importance.
cases. Bottom-up method is the convectional construction The sequence construction begins with retaining wall
method where substructure and superstructure floors are installation and then load-bearing elements that will carry
constructed sequentially from the bottom of substructure to the future super-structure. The ongoing bottom-up
the top of superstructure. Top-down construction method, is construction in G+4 structure is conceptually converting to
a method which builds the permanent structure member of Top-down construction method structure and then
basement along with the excavation from top to bottom and comparing these two-construction methods in this project.
the substructure and superstructure can be constructed
subsequently. In this case study all the construction process 1.1 Bottom-up Construction Method
involved in the construction of a building is analyzed based
on an ongoing bottom-up construction project and Bottom-Up construction method is the conventional
comparing its implementation (phase of work) and time of construction method, which were used for both building with
basement floors and normal buildings. In this method the
execution of the work in both Top-down construction
base of the structure is constructed and subsequently moves
method and bottom-up construction method using
up to the surface. When compared with top-down
PRIMAVERA software. construction method bottom-up method is simple in both
construction and design.
Key Words: Bottom-up construction, Top-down
construction, Time of execution , Primavera software 1.2 TOP-down Construction method

1. INTRODUCTION Top-down construction method as the name implies, is a

construction method which builds the permanent structure
The construction of a building involves various processes members of the basement along with the excavation from
such as site selection, survey, architectural and structural the top to the bottom. Top-down method is mainly used for
design. The art of creating the structure which was a shelter two types of urban structures, namely tall buildings with
in the primitive stages, employed modern techniques to basements and underground structures such as car parks,
make the structure satisfy the practical needs as well as to underpasses and metro stations. In this case the basement
meet the aesthetical requirements. Due to the economic floors are constructed as the excavation progresses. The
pressure and due to the industrial developments and due the Top-down method has been used for deep excavation
needs of infrastructure developments, may new methods projects where tieback installation is not feasible and soil
and material of construction be developed. movements have to be minimized. This construction method
which provides the significant saving of the overall
Conventionally, buildings with underground basements construction time, is showing increasing adoption for major
are built by bottom-up method where sub-structure and projects where time factor is of primary importance. The
super-structure floors are constructed sequentially from the sequence construction begins with flexible retaining wall
bottom of the sub-structure or lowest level of basement to installation and then load-bearing elements that will carry
the top of the super-structure. Though this conventional the future super-structure. With increasing basement levels,
method, also called as bottom-up method, is simple in both excavation method have become more complicated, leading
design and construction, it is not feasible for the mega to Top-down techniques which allowed for simultaneous
projects with limited construction time or with site construction of the basement and superstructure. The typical
constraints.

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construction sequence of top-down construction is as  Keep constructing the superstructure until it gets
follows: finished.
 Construct the embedded retaining wall (usually a Design and construction principles for the top-down
diaphragm wall). method primarily call for two major structural elements.
 Construct piles. Place the steel columns where the Columns with sufficient capacity must be pre-founded in
piles are constructed. bored piles or diaphragm wall panels to sustain the
 Proceed to the first stage of excavation. construction load and to utilize as part of the bracing system.
 Cast the floor slab of first basement level with the
opening to allow machines to be lowered to 2. Case Study
excavate level below and for excavation material to
be removed. An ongoing bottom-up construction of a G+4 residential
 Proceed to the second stage of excavation; cast the apartment at Trivandrum, Kerala is taken for comparison
floor slab of the second basement level. study. It is a rectangular plot surrounded with buildings, the
 Repeat the same procedure until the desired depth main constraints of the site are limited space for parking and
is reached. others activities and water table level. Considering these
 Construct the foundation slab. Complete the constraints the ongoing construction is theoretically
converting into top-down construction method and
basement.
comparing the activities and time of construction.

Fig 1. G+4 residential Building

In our project the above ongoing bottom-up construction of • The slabs have access voids at suitable distances through
the residential building is theoretically converting into top- which the excavation is continued downwards for the second
down construction procedure as follows: level of excavation or the first basement floor level.
• Along with these simultaneously the floors above the
• The building is considered to have ground level and three ground level is constructed after the construction of first
levels subsequently above it; with two levels of underground level of basement floor with roof slab.
level/basement level with the first initial basement level • After achieving the depth of one level of basement, the steel
To be residential apartments while the second basement stanchion columns are reinforced by reinforcing bars and
level below it to have parking facilities. are made as permanent columns for the basement floor and
• Gravity walls/retaining walls have to be installed into similarly the diaphragm walls are also reinforced with
ground first. Then intermediate piles are driven into the increased thickness to become permanent part of the
ground as per requirement. Then the soil is excavated upto a structure
limited height. • This sequential process continuous until the two levels
• After that the ground floor slab is cast first acting as a both below the ground is cast and made, followed by the
ground floor slab and roof slab for the basement floor. The construction of three floors above ground level; hence in the
ground slab is done along with installing support end the intermediate piles cast into ground act as a
mechanisms (anchors) to the basement from retaining walls. permanent load carrying pillars.

3. Scheduling the Activities

The construction activities from ancient age have a typical stage of commencement during the execution phase i.e. the first
activity starts from the foundation of the structure. The conventional method of construction of structures is based on Bottom-
Up method in which the sub-structure and super-structure floors are constructed sequentially from the bottom of the sub-
structure or lowest level of basement to the top of the super-structure. This method is suitable for small scale works, as there is
rapid change in patterns of use of land available like use of underground basements for parking, underground metro stations the
volume of works at the foundation level of the structures has increased to manifolds The top-down method is an another
construction method that can be used for structures with basement floor and having space and other constraints.

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Here the all the activities in a construction project management such as project duration, resources, labor etc., are scheduling
using primavera in both the above construction methods with respect to our project site (residential building (G+4)).
 Bottom-up Construction Schedule
Using primavera all the activities such as project duration, resources, labor, cost etc. for the proposed residential
apartment with G+4 in bottom-up construction is scheduled. The residential building project is situated in Trivandrum,
Kerala. The residential building is 926.112square feet with G+4 structure without providing required parking facilities.
Construction schedule is as shown in the Table.

APPARTMENT BUILDING G+4_td

# Activity ID Activity Name Original Start Finish BudgetedTotal

Duration Cost

1 APPARTMENT BUILDING G+4_td 300.75d 01-Jun-19 A 20-May-20 133,034,941.16

2 Diaphram Wall Construction 24.00d 01-Jun-19 A 01-Jul-19 A 962,500.00

3 A1000 Earthwork excavation 4.00d 01-Jun-19 A 06-Jun-19 A 27,500.00
4 A1010 Reinforced Cement concrete - R.C.C (with reinforceme 20.00d 07-Jun-19 A 01-Jul-19 A 935,000.00
5 Pile foundation 44.00d 01-Jul-19 A 22-Aug-19 A 5,220,000.00
6 A1020 Drilling of holes at 20m depth for pile foundation 24.00d 01-Jul-19 A 29-Jul-19 A 2,160,000.00
7 A1030 Reinforced Cement concrete - R.C.C (with reinforceme 20.00d 29-Jul-19 A 22-Aug-19 A 3,060,000.00
8 BASEMENT FLOOR 18.00d 22-Aug-19 12-Sep-19 A 1,035,000.00
9 TIE BEAM 8.00d 22-Aug-19 31-Aug-19 A 459,000.00
10 A1040 Reinforced Cement concrete - R.C.C (with reinforceme 8.00d 22-Aug-19 31-Aug-19 A 459,000.00
11 COLUMNS 8.00d 31-Aug-19 10-Sep-19 A 408,000.00
12 A1050 Reinforced Cement concrete - R.C.C (with reinforceme 8.00d 31-Aug-19 10-Sep-19 A 408,000.00
13 Plain Cement concrete 2.00d 10-Sep-19 12-Sep-19 A 168,000.00
14 A1060 PCC 2.00d 10-Sep-19 12-Sep-19 A 168,000.00
15 GROUNDFLOOR 22.00d 12-Sep-19 08-Oct-19 A 1,189,499.70
16 TIE BEAM 8.00d 12-Sep-19 21-Sep-19 A 459,000.00
17 A1070 Reinforced Cement concrete - R.C.C (with reinforceme 8.00d 12-Sep-19 21-Sep-19 A 459,000.00
18 COLUMNS 8.00d 21-Sep-19 01-Oct-19 A 408,000.00
19 A1080 Reinforced Cement concrete - R.C.C (with reinforceme 8.00d 21-Sep-19 01-Oct-19 A 408,000.00
20 Brick work- Solid cement block 6" 6.00d 01-Oct-19 A 08-Oct-19 A 322,499.70
21 A1090 GROUND FLOOR 6.00d 01-Oct-19 A 08-Oct-19 A 322,499.70
22 Plastering 30.00d 08-Oct-19 A 12-Nov-19 A 1,050,772.16
23 A1100 BASEMENT FLOOR 15.00d 08-Oct-19 A 25-Oct-19 A 430,089.80
24 A1110 GROUND FLOOR 15.00d 25-Oct-19 A 12-Nov-19 A 620,682.36
25 Wood work for joinery(teakwood) 25.00d 12-Nov-19 11-Dec-19 A 1,600,000.00
26 A1120 GROUND FLOOR 25.00d 12-Nov-19 11-Dec-19 A 1,600,000.00
27 Earth filling 2.00d 11-Dec-19 13-Dec-19 A 108,000.00
28 A1130 Earth filling 2.00d 11-Dec-19 13-Dec-19 A 108,000.00
29 Supplying,paving and polishing with tiles 10.00d 13-Dec-19 25-Dec-19 A 247,000.00
30 A1140 GROUND FLOOR 10.00d 13-Dec-19 25-Dec-19 A 247,000.00
31 White washing and colour washing 12.00d 25-Dec-19 08-Jan-20 A 384,792.40
32 A1150 BASEMENT FLOOR 6.00d 25-Dec-19 01-Jan-20 A 157,350.00
33 A1160 GROUND FLOOR 6.00d 01-Jan-20 A 08-Jan-20 A 227,442.40
34 Supplying and fitting 30mm thick solid pvc door 2.00d 08-Jan-20 A 10-Jan-20 A 35,000.00
35 A1170 BASEMENT FLOOR 1.00d 08-Jan-20 A 09-Jan-20 A 15,000.00
36 A1180 GROUND FLOOR 1.00d 09-Jan-20 A 10-Jan-20 A 20,000.00
37 Electrification & plumbing 20.00d 10-Jan-20 A 03-Feb-20 A 1,500,000.00

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38 A1190 Electrification & plumbing 20.00d 10-Jan-20 A 03-Feb-20 A 1,500,000.00

39 Unforeseen item if any 5.00d 03-Feb-20 08-Feb-20 A 29,309.20
40 A1200 Unforeseen item 5.00d 03-Feb-20 08-Feb-20 A 29,309.20
41 Reinforced Cement concrete work 60.00d 12-Sep-19 21-Nov-19 A 2,388,112.00
42 A1210 FIRST FLOOR 20.00d 12-Sep-19 05-Oct-19 A 19,550.00
43 A1220 SECOND FLOOR 20.00d 05-Oct-19 A 29-Oct-19 A 1,101,667.00
44 A1230 THIRD FLOOR 20.00d 29-Oct-19 A 21-Nov-19 A 1,266,895.00
45 Brick work- Solid cement block 6" 24.00d 21-Nov-19 19-Dec-19 A 1,767,109.00
46 A1240 FIRST FLOOR 8.00d 21-Nov-19 30-Nov-19 A 508,875.00
47 A1250 SECOND FLOOR 8.00d 30-Nov-19 10-Dec-19 A 585,221.00
48 A1260 THIRD FLOOR 8.00d 10-Dec-19 19-Dec-19 A 673,013.00
49 Supplying and fitting 30mm thick solid pvc door 3.00d 19-Dec-19 23-Dec-19 A 200,000.00
50 A1270 FIRST FLOOR 1.00d 19-Dec-19 20-Dec-19 A 20,000.00
51 A1280 SECOND FLOOR 1.00d 20-Dec-19 21-Dec-19 A 20,000.00
52 A1290 THIRD FLOOR 1.00d 21-Dec-19 23-Dec-19 A 160,000.00
53 Electrification &plumbing 20.00d 23-Dec-19 15-Jan-20 A 25,045,224.00
54 A1300 Electrification & Plumbing 20.00d 23-Dec-19 15-Jan-20 A 25,045,224.00
55 Plastering-work 15.00d 15-Jan-20 A 01-Feb-20 A 17,242,280.00
56 A1310 FIRST FLOOR 5.00d 15-Jan-20 A 21-Jan-20 A 4,965,440.00
57 A1320 SECOND FLOOR 5.00d 21-Jan-20 A 27-Jan-20 A 5,712,360.00
58 A1330 THIRD FLOOR 5.00d 27-Jan-20 A 01-Feb-20 A 6,564,480.00
59 Wood work for joinery (teak wood) 15.00d 01-Feb-20 06-Mar-20 49,230,528.00
60 A1340 FIRST FLOOR 5.00d 01-Feb-20 07-Feb-20 A 14,177,200.00
61 A1350 SECOND FLOOR 5.00d 07-Feb-20 05-Mar-20 16,304,048.00
62 A1360 THIRD FLOOR 5.00d 13-Feb-20 06-Mar-20 18,749,280.00
63 White and colour washing 18.00d 19-Feb-20 23-Mar-20 6,207,150.70
64 A1370 FIRST FLOOR 6.00d 19-Feb-20 10-Mar-20 1,786,743.98
65 A1380 SECOND FLOOR 6.00d 26-Feb-20 16-Mar-20 2,055,292.66
66 A1390 THIRD FLOOR 6.00d 04-Mar-20 23-Mar-20 2,365,114.07
67 Supplying,paving and polishing with tiles 15.00d 23-Mar-20 09-Apr-20 10,548,112.00
68 A1400 FIRST FLOOR 5.00d 23-Mar-20 28-Mar-20 3,037,840.00
69 A1410 SECOND FLOOR 5.00d 28-Mar-20 03-Apr-20 3,493,008.00
70 A1420 THIRD FLOOR 5.00d 03-Apr-20 09-Apr-20 4,017,264.00
71 LIFT 20.00d 09-Apr-20 02-May-20 6,400,000.00
72 A1430 LIFT 20.00d 09-Apr-20 02-May-20 6,400,000.00
73 Unforeseen item 15.00d 02-May-20 20-May-20 644,552.00
74 A1440 Unforeseen item 15.00d 02-May-20 20-May-20 644,552.00

Table 1: Activity scheduling using Primavera software (Bottom-up construction)

 Top-down Construction Schedule
The ongoing conventional construction of the proposed project is theoretically converting into top-down construction
method and erecting all the constraints in the project. The proposed project is with ground floor and four floors residential
apartment without required parking facilities and space constraints. These proposed structures is converting to a structure with
two basement floor and G+2 structure providing parking facilities and one floor below the ground floor. The scheduling of all the
activities using primavera in the top-down technique is shown in the table below.

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APPARTMENT BUILDING G+4

Activity ID Activity Name Original Duration Start Finish Budgeted Total Cost

APPARTMENT BUILDING G+4 359d 01-Jun-2019 A 27-Jul-2020 Rs28,715,514.66

Earthwork excavation in ordinary soil 4d 01-Jun-2019 A 06-Jun-2019 A Rs56,000.00

A1000 Earthwork excavation 4d 01-Jun-2019 A 06-Jun-2019 A Rs56,000.00
Plain cement concrete work 10d 07-Jun-2019 A 19-Jun-2019 A Rs310,000.00
A1010 GROUND FLOOR 10d 07-Jun-2019 A 19-Jun-2019 A Rs310,000.00
Earth filling & foundation 24d 01-Jul-2019 A 27-Jul-2019 A Rs108,576.00
A1020 GROUND FLOOR 24d 01-Jul-2019 A 27-Jul-2019 A Rs108,576.00
Reinforced Cement concrete work 105d 29-Jul-2019 A 28-Nov-2019 A Rs6,657,564.00
A1030 GROUND FLOOR 25d 29-Jul-2019 A 27-Aug-2019 A Rs1,666,000.00
A1040 FIRST FLOOR 20d 28-Aug-2019 A 19-Sep-2019 A Rs957,950.00
A1050 SECOND FLOOR 20d 20-Sep-2019 A 12-Oct-2019 A Rs1,101,666.00
A1060 THIRD FLOOR 20d 14-Oct-2019 A 05-Nov-2019 A Rs1,266,900.00
A1070 FORTH FLOOR& STAIR ROOM 20d 06-Nov-2019 A 28-Nov-2019 A Rs1,665,048.00
Brick work- Solid cement block 6" 40d 29-Nov-2019 A 14-Jan-2020 A Rs2,955,402.01
A1080 GROUND FLOOR 8d 29-Nov-2019 A 07-Dec-2019 A Rs322,500.00
A1090 FIRST FLOOR 8d 09-Dec-2019 A 17-Dec-2019 A Rs508,874.00
A1100 SECOND FLOOR 8d 18-Dec-2019 A 26-Dec-2019 A Rs585,220.00
A1110 THIRD FLOOR 8d 27-Dec-2019 A 04-Jan-2020 A Rs673,020.00
A1120 FORTH FLOOR& STAIR ROOM 8d 06-Jan-2020 A 14-Jan-2020 A Rs865,788.00
Supplying and fitting 30mm thick solid pvc 3d 15-Jan-2020 A 17-Jan-2020 A Rs95,000.00
door
A1130 GROUND FLOOR 1d 15-Jan-2020 A 15-Jan-2020 A Rs15,000.00
A1140 FIRST FLOOR 1d 15-Jan-2020 A 15-Jan-2020 A Rs20,000.00
A1150 SECOND FLOOR 1d 16-Jan-2020 A 16-Jan-2020 A Rs20,000.00
A1160 THIRD FLOOR 1d 16-Jan-2020 A 16-Jan-2020 A Rs20,000.00
A1170 FORTH FLOOR& STAIR ROOM 1d 17-Jan-2020 A 17-Jan-2020 A Rs20,000.00
Electrification &plumbing 20d 18-Jan-2020 A 10-Feb-2020 A Rs3,130,653.00
A1180 Electrification & Plumbing 20d 18-Jan-2020 A 10-Feb-2020 A Rs3,130,653.00
Plastering 29d 11-Feb-2020 A 14-Mar-2020 Rs3,565,445.00
A1190 GROUND FLOOR 5d 11-Feb-2020 A 15-Feb-2020 A Rs430,090.00
A1200 FIRST FLOOR 5d 17-Feb-2020 A 21-Feb-2020 A Rs620,680.00

APPARTMENT BUILDING G+4

Activity ID Activity Name Original Duration Start Finish Budgeted Total Cost

A1210 SECOND FLOOR 5d 22-Feb-2020 A 06-Mar-2020 Rs714,045.00

A1220 THIRD FLOOR 5d 28-Feb-2020 A 09-Mar-2020 Rs820,560.00
A1230 FORTH FLOOR& STAIR ROOM 5d 09-Mar-2020 14-Mar-2020 Rs980,070.00

Wood work for joinery (teak wood) 25d 14-Mar-2020 13-Apr-2020 Rs6,987,236.00

A1240 GROUND FLOOR 5d 14-Mar-2020 20-Mar-2020 Rs230,000.00

A1250 FIRST FLOOR 5d 20-Mar-2020 26-Mar-2020 Rs1,772,150.00
A1260 SECOND FLOOR 5d 26-Mar-2020 01-Apr-2020 Rs2,038,006.00
A1270 THIRD FLOOR 5d 01-Apr-2020 07-Apr-2020 Rs2,343,660.00
A1280 FORTH FLOOR& STAIR ROOM 5d 07-Apr-2020 13-Apr-2020 Rs603,420.00

White washing and colour washing 29d 13-Apr-2020 16-May-2020 Rs1,261,974.05

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A1290 GROUND FLOOR 5d 13-Apr-2020 18-Apr-2020 Rs146,550.00

A1300 FIRST FLOOR 6d 18-Apr-2020 25-Apr-2020 Rs223,343.03
A1310 SECOND FLOOR 6d 25-Apr-2020 02-May-2020 Rs256,908.92
A1320 THIRD FLOOR 6d 02-May-2020 09-May-2020 Rs295,639.05
A1330 FORTH FLOOR& STAIR ROOM 6d 09-May-2020 16-May-2020 Rs339,533.05
Supplying,paving and polishing with tiles 26d 16-May-2020 16-Jun-2020 Rs2,143,112.60
A1340 GROUND FLOOR 6d 16-May-2020 23-May-2020 Rs247,002.60
A1350 FIRST FLOOR 5d 23-May-2020 29-May-2020 Rs379,730.00
A1360 SECOND FLOOR 5d 29-May-2020 04-Jun-2020 Rs436,626.00
A1370 THIRD FLOOR 5d 04-Jun-2020 10-Jun-2020 Rs502,158.00
A1380 FORTH FLOOR& STAIR ROOM 5d 10-Jun-2020 16-Jun-2020 Rs577,596.00
LIFT 20d 16-Jun-2020 09-Jul-2020 Rs800,000.00

A1390 LIFT 20d 16-Jun-2020 09-Jul-2020 Rs800,000.00

Unforeseen item if any 15d 09-Jul-2020 27-Jul-2020 Rs644,552.00

A1400 Unforeseen item 15d 09-Jul-2020 27-Jul-2020 Rs644,552.00

Table 2: Activity scheduling using Primavera software (Top-down construction)

4. Construction Schedule Comparison restriction rules like restricted zones near airport, tower or
other areas of strategic importance cannot be affected.
After scheduling all the activities such as project duration,
resources and cost in both top-down and bottom-up
REFERENCES
construction technique the scheduled data is compared and
analyzed with respect to execution time.
[1] Basarkar S.S, Manish Kumar, B.G. Mohapatro, Mutgi P.R,
Bottom-up Top-down method “Emerging Trend in Deep BasementConstruction: Top-
method Down Technique” IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil
Engineering (IOSRJMCE)ISSN: 2278-1684, PP: 01-11
Execution time 359 300 [2] Qingying Ren, Qingyu Zhao, Wenting Liu, Songlin Yang,
(days) Sen Li, Jian Yang, “Design and top-down construction at
the Nanjing Youth Olympic Center, China” Proceedings
Table 3: Comparison table of the Institution of Civil Engineers- Civil Engineering
List of Issues Volume 169, Issue 2,2016
The comparative study of both the schedules concludes that [3] Ming-Guang Li, Jin-Jain Chen,An-Jun Xu,Xiao-Ha Xia and
the project duration can be reduced by adopting top-down Jian-Hua Wang , “Case Study ofInnovative Top-Down
method. Construction Method with Channe-Type Excavation”,
Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
5. CONCLUSION ,2014
[4] R.R. Wankhade, Bhoir S.B, and Basarkar S.S, “Advances
in diaphragm wall construction” Proc.National Seminar
The time saving is one of the important factor while on Advances in Geotechnical Engineering, 8-9 October,
considering the construction of a building and by using the 2011, SVNIT Surat, India, 2011
top-down construction method the execution time can be [5] R. Randi Oktovan Noegroho, Koespiadi . “Comparison of
considerably reduced whether it is an infrastructural work Work Between Bottom Up Method and Top Down
or residential works. In this case study the project duration Method: Execution and Timing” Proceedings of
for the five floor residential apartment is 359 days in Narotama International Conference on Civil Engineering
bottom-up construction method and 300 days in top-down
construction method. Here the time over runs can be BIOGRAPHIES
reduced by 15% while using top-down construction method.
For gigantic projects the time over runs can be reduced
more. One of the advantage of this technique is that Kavya Prince
underground areas are utilized to a better extend reducing Department of Civil Engineering
the number of podium floors that are generally provided in Saintgits College of Engineering
buildings for parking without affecting the construction
schedule. The another benefit this construction method is
that height of the superstructure can be reduced by
providing number of basement floors and thus the height

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
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Theertha S.L
Department of Civil Engineering
Saintgits College of Engineering

Sujithmon S
Department of Civil Engineering
Saintgits College of Engineering

Joseph Zacheriah
Department of Civil Engineering
Saintgits College of Engineering

Er. Ajesh K Kottuppillil

Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Saintgits College of Engineering

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