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Psychia Reviewer

Peplau identified 7 main roles for nurses in therapeutic relationships: stranger, resource person, teacher, leader, surrogate, counselor, and technical expert. She believed nurses could take on additional roles through their intelligence and imagination. Peplau also described 4 levels of anxiety - mild, moderate, severe, and panic - and how they impact learning and problem solving. Finally, her interpersonal theory and the nursing process use observation, communication and recording to collaboratively meet patient needs through assessment, diagnosis/planning, implementation, and evaluation.

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Richie Marie Baja
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47 views4 pages

Psychia Reviewer

Peplau identified 7 main roles for nurses in therapeutic relationships: stranger, resource person, teacher, leader, surrogate, counselor, and technical expert. She believed nurses could take on additional roles through their intelligence and imagination. Peplau also described 4 levels of anxiety - mild, moderate, severe, and panic - and how they impact learning and problem solving. Finally, her interpersonal theory and the nursing process use observation, communication and recording to collaboratively meet patient needs through assessment, diagnosis/planning, implementation, and evaluation.

Uploaded by

Richie Marie Baja
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The following are the roles of the Nurse in the Therapeutic relationship identified by Peplau:

Stranger: offering the client the same acceptance and courtesy that the nurse would respond to any stranger

Resource person: providing specific answers to questions within a larger context

Teacher: helping the client to learn formally or informally

Leader: offering direction to the client or group

Surrogate: serving as a substitute for another such as a parent or a sibling

Counselor: promoting experiences leading to health for the client such as expression of feelings

Technical Expert: providing physical care for the patient and operates equipment

Peplau also believed that the nurse could take on many other roles, but these were not defined in detail.
However, they were “left to the intelligence and imagination of the readers.” (Peplau, 1952)

Additional roles include:

 Technical expert
 Consultant
 Health teacher
 Tutor
 Socializing agent
 Safety agent
 Manager of environment
 Mediator
 Administrator
 Recorder observer
 Researcher
Anxiety was defined as the initial response to a psychic threat. There are four levels of anxiety described below.

Four Levels of Anxiety


Mild anxiety is a positive state of heightened awareness and sharpened senses, allowing the person to learn
new behaviors and solve problems. The person can take in all available stimuli (perceptual field).

Moderate anxiety involves a decreased perceptual field (focus on the immediate task only); the person can learn
a new behavior or solve problems only with assistance. Another person can redirect the person to the task.

Severe anxiety involves feelings of dread and terror. The person cannot be redirected to a task; he or she
focuses only on scattered details and has physiologic symptoms of tachycardia, diaphoresis, and chest pain.

Panic anxiety can involve loss of rational thought, delusions, hallucinations, and complete physical immobility
and muteness. The person may bolt and run aimlessly, often exposing himself or herself to injury.

Interpersonal Theory and Nursing Process


Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Theory and the Nursing Process are sequential and focus on the therapeutic
relationship by using problem-solving techniques for the nurse and patient to collaborate on to meet the
patient’s needs. Both use observation communication and recording as basic tools utilized by nursing.

Orientation
Assessment  Non-
continuous
 Continuous data collection and analysis data collection
 May not be a felt need  Felt need
 Definite needs

Identification
Nursing Diagnosis & Planning
 Interdependent
 Mutually set goals
goal setting

Exploitation
Implementation
 Patient actively
 Plans initiated towards achievement of mutually set
seeking and
goals
drawing help
 May be accomplished by patient, nurse, or significant
 Patient-
other.
initiated

Evaluation Resolution
 Based on mutually expected behaviors  Occurs after
 May led to termination and initiation of new plans. other phases
are completed
successfully
 Leads to
termination

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