Line chart – a great world

Opening
The graph shows / indicates / depicts / illustrates
From the graph it is clear
It can be seen from the graph
As can be seen from the graph,
As is shown / illustrated by the graph,
Example: The graph shows the percentage of children using supplements in a place over a year.
 Going up Going down
there was an upwards trend evident as illustrated by a sudden decrease
a moderate increase is noticeable a noticeable decrease is evident
there was a significant increase in there was a small drop
a slight increase is evident has gone down slightly
there was a significant/noticeable increase a slight but steady decrease
there was a major rise in dropped sharply
showed a sharp jump went into rapid decline

Staying the same Changing direction

plateaued at there was a lot of volatility evident
maintained a steady rate reversed direction
remained unchanged saw some fluctuations
showed very little change went from an increase to a decrease
remained at this level had by then changed direction
stabilized for a short while after dropping slightly, jumped back up
showed elements of stability showed elements of recovery
stayed the same regained its upward streak

Highest point Lowest point

their numbers peaked at dived down to a low of
shot up to a peak of down to a low of
rose right up to reached their lowest point
reached their highest point at dipped to their lowest point
increased to their highest point sunk to a low of
reached a high of continuing to drop until
continued to rise until going all the way down to
Type 1: One line (fluctuation)
You are advised to spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The graph shows the percentage of UK adolescents following a vegetarian diet.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.

You should write at least 150 words.

The line chart illustrates data on the ratio of vegetarian teenagers in the UK between 1960 and 2020. As
is observed from the graph, a vegetarian diet followed by UK adolescents increased dramatically
between 1960 and 1970 and it is predicted that it will go up in the future despite a significant drop
after the 80s.

From 1960 to 1980, UK adolescents following a vegetarian diet rose modestly to nearly 15% in 1980 that was
the highest proportion of young vegetarian in the UK. There was a dramatic dip, followed by a moderate
rise afterwards. As is presented from the graph, after culminating the vertex in 1980, there was a
decrease over the next 20 years. Since then it is expected to increase progressively. From 1990 to 2000, this
ratio fluctuated and touched the lowest point in this period with just over 3%.

It is seen from the data that after some fluctuations, the percentage of teenage vegetarian dieters
increased gradually until 2010 and it is predicted that it will remain almost the same over the next
decade.
Type 2: One line (one trend)
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The graph below shows the number of hours per day on average that children spent watching
television between 1950 and 2010.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

The graph shows the number of hours per day on average that children spent watching television. The graph
covers the period between 1950 and 2010.

From 1950 to 1960, there was a modest rise in the average number of hours children spent in front of the
television set. This was followed by a marked increase from approximately one hour to four hours of
viewing per day among children between 1965 and 1982. Over the next five years, there was a decrease.
However, this trend proved negligible as the viewing figure then rose again marginally, and it reached a
peak of over four hours in 1995.

Between 1995 and 2010, there was another modest decline in the hours children spent watching television.

Overall, it can be concluded that there has been a significant rise in television viewing over the sixty-
year period, though there is some indication that this trend may be changing.
Type 3: Two lines (cut)
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The graph below shows population figures for India and China since the year 2000 and predicted
population growth up until 2050.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

The graph shows how the populations of India and China have changed since 2000 and how they will change in
the future.

In 2000, there were more people living in China than in India. The number of Chinese was 1.25 billion, while
India's population was about 1 billion. Between 2000 and the present, there has been a 0.2 billion rise in the
number of Indian citizens. Over the same period, China's population has increased by 0.1 billion to reach
over 1.35 billion.

According to the graph, the population in India will increase more quickly than in China, and experts say that
by 2030, both countries will have the same population of 1.45 billion. After this, China's population is likely
to fall slightly to 1.4 billion in 2050, while India's population will probably increase and reach 1.6 billion.

Thus, over the 50-year period, India is going to experience steady growth in its population and it will overtake
China. On the other hand, China's population will peak in 2030 and then begin to fall.
• Predictions/ Expectations/ Anticipations/ Forecasts/ Estimates/ Evaluations/ Calculations +
show/ reveal/ indicate + (that) S will V

• It is predicted/ expected/ anticipated/ forecast/ estimated/ evaluated/ calculated/ that S will

V

• S is/are + predicted/ expected/ anticipated/ forecast/ estimated/ evaluated/ calculated to V

Type 4: Two lines (cut *)
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The graph gives information about male and female gym membership between 1980 and 2010.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

The line graph shows male and female gym membership over a thirty-year period. The vertical axis
represents the number of members in units of 1,000. The horizontal axis represents the period from 1980
to 2010.

Overall, the graph indicates that there were greater fluctuations in gym membership among men than
among women.

The number of male members started the period at just over two thousand and reached highs of four
thousand in 1985 and five thousand around 2005. The lowest rates were between 1993 and 1997 and more
recently in 2010 when the rate dipped as low as one thousand.

Female gym membership began lower at one thousand, doubled by 1984, and then fluctuated between two
and three thousand for the remainder of the period. When male rates were at their lowest, female rates
were higher. This was particularly true between 1993 and 1997 when over three thousand women held gym
membership.
In brief, there were marked differences in rates of male and female gym memberships in the period
covered.
Type 5: Three lines (cut)

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The graph shows data about the annual earnings of three bakeries in Calgary, 2000-2010.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

The graph shows information about the amount of money which was earned by three bakeries in Calgary,
over a ten-year period between 2000 and 2010.

Overall, what stands out from the graph is that there were considerable upward trends in the income
of both Bolo Cakery and Amandine Bakery, while the earnings of Mari Bakeshop saw a considerable fall
over the period in question. Another interesting point is that Mari Bakeshop was the most popular bakery
in 2000, but in 2010, Amandine Bakery earned more money than the others.

Looking at the details, as regards Bolo Cakery, income started at $20,000 in 2000, then there was a
fluctuation over the next three years, at which point it levelled off at just under $40,000 until 2006. Then
the figure went up significantly, finishing at around $65,000 in 2010. If we look at Amandine Bakery,
the trend was similar. Having remained stable at approximately $55,000 in the first half of the decade,
income then rose sharply, reaching nearly $100,000 in 2008. There was then a gradual rise to around
$105,000 in 2010.

By contrast, the income of Mari Bakeshop went in the opposite direction. Takings fluctuated around
$90,000 until 2004. After That despite falling sharply to just over $40,000 in 2008, the figure then levelled
off in the last two years.
Type 6: Many lines
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The graph below gives information from a 2008 report about consumption of energy in the USA
since 1980 with projections until 2030.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

The supplied line graph depicts information about utilisation of energy in the USA since 1980 with predictions
until 2030. In general, petrol & oil and coal accounted as high units of fuel consumption in 1980 and will be
increased until 2030. In contrast, nuclear, solar/wind and water power were less favourable fuel consumed since
1980 and will be less chosen until 2030.

Looking at the details, petrol and oil reckoned about 35 quadrillion units in 1980 and was true as the highest fuel
use at the time and has gone up gradually to about 40 quadrillions in 2015 and will increase to more than 45
quadrillions in 2030. The same trend is true for coal resources. The coal consumption was about 16 quadrillion
units in 1980 and the figure levelled up through the observed years and is projected to hit the figure of 30
quadrillion units in 2030. Natural gas utilisation seemed fluctuated over observed years and it points about 20
quadrillion unit in 2015. However, it is predicted to level off until 2030.

In contrast, nuclear, sun/ wind, and hydropower kept small quantities of fuel consumption compared to other fuel
sources as they are projected to a tiny amount of fuel utilisation in 2030. Nuclear use was about 4 quadrillion units
in 1980 and in 2030 the figure will hit only about 7 quadrillion units. Solar and hydropower also amassed about
4 quadrillions in 1980 and in 2030, the consumption will be only about 5 quadrillions for solar and hydropower
will remain the same figure like it was in 1980.
HOMEWORK 01
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The chart below shows the movement of people from rural to urban areas in three countries and
predictions for future years.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Model answer
The line graph shows the figures in millions for the migration of people from the countryside to cities in three
different countries over the period 2000 to 2025, including future predictions. Overall, it is clear that the shift from
rural communities towards urban metropolitan areas is upwards.

All three countries began the period with similar numbers of urban migrants. Russia started with the most
migrants (around 15 million) and over the period sees significant increases, particularly between 2010 and 2015
(around 42 to 70 million) with this upward trend predicted to continue (reaching approximately 86 million by
2025). Similarly, Iran after a slow start between 2000 and 2005 sees a dramatic rise in urban migration, and after
2015 is predicted to see an even more dramatic increase, surpassing Russia’s figures in 2020 reaching around 95
million by 2025. However, Indonesia bucks the trend somewhat. Whilst consistently steady between 2000 and
2020, its growth is far less dramatic than the other two countries (10 to 30 million). Furthermore, post 2020, it is
predicted to level off at around 30 million.

To sum up, while all three countries have seen growth up to 2015, only the figures for countries Russia and Iran
are predicted to see continued growth up to 2025.
HOMEWORK 02
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The graph below gives information about changes in the birth and death rates in New Zealand
between 1901 and 2101.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

A clear cut comparison between the birth and death rates per 1000 people in New Zealand from 1901 till now
and its projection till 2101 is depicted in the given line graph. Overall, it is clear that though the birth rate
was higher in New Zealand till now, in future, the trend is set to reverse.

It is clear from the chart that in 1901, the birth rate stood higher than the death rate, and this was just over
20 per 1000 population, when compared to fewer than 10 in case of deaths. By around 1965, the birth rate rose
to over 65, which was the highest ever recorded in the given period. Then after the rate is seen declining
irregularly, and at present, it is just over 50 per 1000 people. On the other hand, the death rate showed almost
a gradual growth to reach around 30, by this time.

Turning to the estimation of deaths, it is expected to rise further and would overtake the rate of births by
2041. It would be the highest in both 2061 and 2081 (almost 60 per 1000) and is projected to settle at around
55 by the end of the period. At the same time, the birth rate is anticipated to slip further and would ultimately
settle by about 45.