1) Of the reactions below, which one is not a combination reaction?

A) C + O2 → CO2
B) 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
C) 2N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3
D) CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2
E) 2CH4 + 4O2 → 2CO2 + 4H2O

2) An element cannot ________.

A) be part of a heterogeneous mixture
B) be part of a homogeneous mixture
C) be separated into other substances by chemical means
D) interact with other elements to form compounds
E) be a pure substance

3) Which calculation clearly shows a conversion between temperatures in degrees Celsius, °C, and
temperature in Kelvins, K?
A) K = °C + 273.15
B) K = 273.15 - °C
C) K = [°C - 32] / 1.8
D) K = [°C + 32] × 1.8
E) K = °C

4) The correct result (indicating the proper number of significant figures) of the following

calculation of the molecular mass for

4 × 15.9994 + 32.066 + 2 × 1.0079

A) 98.08
B) 98.079
C) 98.074
D) 98.838
E) 98.84

5) Which statement below correctly describes the responses of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation to
an electric field?
A) Both beta and gamma are deflected in the same direction, while alpha shows no response.
B) Both alpha and gamma are deflected in the same direction, while beta shows no response.
C) Both alpha and beta are deflected in the same direction, while gamma shows no response.
D) Alpha and beta are deflected in opposite directions, while gamma shows no response.
E) Only alpha is deflected, while beta and gamma show no response.

6) Of the following, the smallest and lightest subatomic particle is the ________.
A) neutron
B) proton
C) electron
D) nucleus
E) alpha particle

7) An element that appears in the lower left corner of the periodic table is ________.
A) either a metal or metalloid
B) definitely a metal
C) either a metalloid or a nonmetal
D) definitely a nonmetal
E) definitely a metalloid

8) Which formula/name pair is incorrect?

A) Mn(NO2)2 manganese(II) nitrite
B) Mg(NO3)2 magnesium nitrate
C) Mn(NO3)2 manganese(II) nitrate
D) Mg3N2 magnesium nitrite
E) Mg(MnO4)2 magnesium permanganate

9) Which element forms an ion with the same charge as the ammonium ion?
A) potassium
B) chlorine
C) calcium
D) oxygen
E) nitrogen

10) Which group in the periodic table contains only nonmetals?

A) 1A
B) 6A
C) 2B
D) 2A
E) 8A

11) The charge on the manganese in the salt MnF3 is ________.

A) 1+
B) 1-
C) 2+
D) 2-
E) 3+

12) The formula of the chromate ion is ________.

A) CrO42-
B) CrO23-

C) Cr

D) CrO32-

E) CrO2-

13) The reaction used to inflate automobile airbags ________.

A) produces sodium gas
B) is a combustion reaction
C) is a combination reaction
D) violates the law of conservation of mass
E) is a decomposition reaction

14) Which one of the following is an endothermic process?

A) ice melting
B) water freezing
C) boiling soup
D) Hydrochloric acid and barium hydroxide are mixed at 25 °C: the temperature increases.
E) Both A and C

15) ΔH for an endothermic process is ________ while ΔH for an exothermic process is ________.
A) zero, positive
B) zero, negative
C) positive, zero
D) negative, positive
E) positive, negative

16) The reaction

4Al (s) + 3O2 (g) → 2 Al2O3 (s) ΔH° = -3351 kJ

is ________, and therefore heat is ________ by the reaction.
A) endothermic, released
B) endothermic, absorbed
C) exothermic, released
D) exothermic, absorbed
E) thermoneutral, neither released nor absorbed

17) For the following reactions, the ΔH°rxn is NOT equal to ΔH°f for the product except for
________.
A) CH4 (g) + 2Cl2 (g) → CH2Cl2 (l) + 2HCl (g)
B) N2 (g) + O3 (g) → N2O3 (g)
C) Xe (g) + 2F2 (g) → XeF4 (g)
D) 2CO (g) + O2 (g) → 2CO2 (g)
E) C (diamond) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)

18) The value of ΔH° for the reaction below is +128.1 kJ:

CH3OH (l) → CO (g) + 2H2 (g)

How many kJ of heat are consumed when 5.10 g of CO (g) is formed as shown in the equation?
A) 0.182 kJ
B) 162 kJ
C) 8.31 kJ
D) 23.3 kJ
E) 62.0 kJ

19) Given the data in the table below, ΔH°rxn for the reaction

4NH3 (g) + 5O2 (g) → 4NO (g) + 6H2O (l)

is ________ kJ.

A) -1172
B) -150
C) -1540
D) -1892
E) The ΔH°f of O2 (g) is needed for the calculation.

20) A 50.0-g sample of liquid water at 25.0 °C is mixed with 23.0 g of water at 79.0 °C. The final
temperature of the water is ________ °C.
A) 123
B) 27.3
C) 52.0
D) 231
E) 42.0 q=C

21) The photoelectric effect is ________.

A) the total reflection of light by metals giving them their typical luster
B) the production of current by silicon solar cells when exposed to sunlight
C) the ejection of electrons by a metal when struck with light of sufficient energy
D) the darkening of photographic film when exposed to an electric field
E) a relativistic effect

22) Which one of the following is not a valid value for the magnetic quantum number of an
electron in a 5d subshell?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 0
D) 1
E) -1

23) Which quantum number determines the energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom?
A) n
B) E
C) ml
D) l
E) n and l

24) Which of the following is not a valid set of four quantum numbers? (n, l, ml, ms)
A) 2, 0, 0, +1/2
B) 2, 1, 0, -1/2
C) 3, 1, -1, -1/2
D) 1, 0, 0, +1/2
E) 1, 1, 0, +1/2

25) Which is the correct electron configuration for an oxide ion?

A) 1s22s22p3
B) 1s22s22p1
C) 1s22s22p6
D) 1s22s23s2
E) 1s22s22p2

26) Electromagnetic radiation travels through vacuum at a speed of ________ m/s.

A) 186,000
B) 125
C) 3.00 × 108
D) 10,000
E) It depends on wavelength.

27) Of the following, ________ radiation has the longest wavelength and ________ radiation has
the greatest energy.
gamma ultraviolet visible
A) ultraviolet, gamma
B) visible, ultraviolet
C) gamma, gamma
D) visible, gamma
E) gamma, visible
Answer: D

28) There are ________ orbitals in the third shell.

A) 25
B) 4
C) 9
D) 16
E) 1

29) Which orbital is degenerate with a 3dz2 in a many-electron atom?

A) 3dyz
B) 5dz2

C) 4dz2

D) 3dzz
E) 4dxz

30) Which group in the periodic table contains elements with the valence electron configuration of
ns2np1?
A) 1A
B) 2A
C) 3A
D) 4A
E) 8A

31) Of the molecules below, the bond in ________ is the most polar.
A) HBr
B) HI
C) HCl
D) HF
E) H2

32) The oxidation number of iron in Fe2O3 is ________.

A) -2
B) +1
C) +3
D) +2
E) -3

33) Why don't we draw double bonds between the Be atom and the Cl atoms in BeCl 2?
A) That would give positive formal charges to the chlorine atoms and a negative formal charge to
the beryllium atom.
B) There aren't enough electrons.
C) That would result in more than eight electrons around beryllium.
D) That would result in more than eight electrons around each chlorine atom.
E) That would result in the formal charges not adding up to zero.

34) Most explosives are compounds that decompose rapidly to produce ________ products and a
great deal of ________.
A) gaseous, gases
B) liquid, heat
C) soluble, heat
D) solid, gas
E) gaseous, heat

35) The halogens, alkali metals, and alkaline earth metals have ________ valence electrons,
respectively.
A) 7, 4, and 6
B) 1, 5, and 7
C) 8, 2, and 3
D) 7, 1, and 2
E) 2, 7, and 4

36) What is the electron configuration for the Co2+ ion?

A) [Ar]4s13d6
B) [Ar]3d7
C) [Ar]3d5
D) [Ar]4s23d9
E) [Ne]3s23p10

37) The formal charge on carbon in the molecule below is ________.

A) 0
B) +1
C) +2
D) +3
E) -1
38) The molecular geometry of the BrO3- ion is ________.

A) trigonal pyramidal
B) trigonal planar
C) bent
D) tetrahedral
E) T-shaped

39) The molecular geometry of the BCl3 molecule is ________, and this molecule is ________.
A) trigonal pyramidal, polar
B) trigonal pyramidal, nonpolar
C) trigonal planar, polar
D) trigonal planar, nonpolar
E) trigonal bipyramidal, polar

40) The hybrid orbitals used for bonding by the sulfur atom in the SF 4 molecule are ________
orbitals.
A) sp
B) sp2
C) sp3
D) sp3d
E) sp3d2

41) The π bond in ethylene, H2C CH2, results from the overlap of ________.

A) sp3 hybrid orbitals

B) s atomic orbitals
C) sp hybrid orbitals
D) sp2 hybrid orbitals
E) p atomic orbitals

42) The bond order of any molecule containing equal numbers of bonding and antibonding
electrons is ________.
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 1/2

43) According to MO theory, overlap of two s atomic orbitals produces ________.

A) one bonding molecular orbital and one hybrid orbital
B) two bonding molecular orbitals
C) two bonding molecular orbitals and two antibonding molecular orbitals
D) two bonding molecular orbitals and one antibonding molecular orbital
E) one bonding molecular orbital and one antibonding molecular orbital

44) Which of the following statements about gases is false?

A) Gases are highly compressible.
B) Distances between molecules of gas are very large compared to bond distances within
molecules.
C) Non-reacting gas mixtures are homogeneous.
D) Gases expand spontaneously to fill the container they are placed in.
E) All gases are colorless and odorless at room temperature.

45) The first person to investigate the relationship between the pressure of a gas and its volume
was ________.
A) Amadeo Avogadro
B) Lord Kelvin
C) Jacques Charles
D) Robert Boyle
E) Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac

46) The average kinetic energy of the particles of a gas is ________ proportional to ________.
A) directly, the rms speed
B) directly, the square root of the rms speed
C) inversely, the square of the rms speed
D) directly, the square of the rms speed
E) inversely, the particle mass

47) A real gas will behave most like an ideal gas under conditions of ________.
A) high temperature and high pressure
B) high temperature and low pressure
C) low temperature and high pressure
D) low temperature and low pressure
E) STP

48) If pressure and temperature are kept constant, the reaction of 95 mL of Cl 2 gas with 45 mL of
CH4 gas via the equation:

Cl2 (g) + CH4 (g) → HCl (g) + CH3Cl (g)

will produce a total of ________ mL of products.

A) 95
B) 140
C) 45
D) 70
E) 50
49) Together, liquids and solids constitute ________ phases of matter.
A) the compressible
B) the fluid
C) the condensed
D) all of the
E) the disordered

50) What intermolecular force is responsible for the fact that ice is less dense than liquid water?
A) London dispersion forces
B) dipole-dipole forces
C) ion-dipole forces
D) hydrogen bonding
E) ionic bonding

51) Based on the following information, which compound has the strongest intermolecular forces?

Substance ΔHvap (kJ/mol)

Argon (Ar) 6.3
Benzene (C6H6) 31.0
Ethanol (C2H5OH) 39.3
Water (H2O) 40.8
Methane (CH4) 9.2

A) Argon
B) Benzene
C) Ethanol
D) Water
E) Methane

52) A metallic material that is composed of two or more elements is called a(n) ________.
A) homogeneous mixture
B) pure metal
C) nonmetal
D) alloy
E) mineral

53) A solution with a concentration higher than the solubility allows is ________.
A) not possible
B) unsaturated
C) supercritical
D) saturated
E) supersaturated

54) A solution contains 11% by mass of sodium chloride. This means that ________.
A) there are 11 g of sodium chloride in in 1.0 mL of this solution
B) 100 g of the solution contains 11 g of sodium chloride
C) 100 mL of the solution contains 11 g of sodium chloride
D) the density of the solution is 11 g/mL
E) the molality of the solution is 11

55) Which of the following liquids will have the highest freezing point?
A) pure H2O
B) aqueous glucose (0.60 m)
C) aqueous sucrose (0.60 m)
D) aqueous FeI3 (0.24 m)
E) aqueous KF (0.50 m)

56) All of the following are considered to be colloids except ________.

A) an emulsion
B) a homogeneous mixture
C) an aerosol
D) a foam
E) All of the above are colloids.

57) Which one of the following will change the value of an equilibrium constant?
A) changing temperature
B) adding other substances that do not react with any of the species involved in the equilibrium
C) varying the initial concentrations of reactants
D) varying the initial concentrations of products
E) changing the volume of the reaction vessel

58) Which reaction will shift to the left in response to a decrease in volume?
A) 2HI (g) H2 (g) + I2 (g)
B) H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) 2 HCl (g)
C) N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g)
D) 2 SO3 (g) 2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g)
E) 4 Fe (s) + 3 O2 (g) 2 Fe2O3 (s)

59) Consider the following chemical reaction:

CO (g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g)

At equilibrium in a particular experiment, the concentrations of CO and H 2 were and

respectively. What is the equilibrium concentration of CH3OH? The value of Keq for this

reaction is 14.5 at the temperature of the experiment.

A) 14.5
B) 7.61 × 10-3
C) 2.82 × 10-1
D) 3.72 × 10-3
E) 1.34 × 10-3

60) Given the following reaction at equilibrium, if Kc = 5.84 x 105 at 230.0 °C, Kp = ________.

2NO (g) + O2 (g) (g)

A) 3.67 × 10-2
B) 1.41 × 104
C) 6.44 × 105
D) 2.40 × 106
E) 2.41 × 107

61) The molar concentration of hydronium ion in pure water at 25 °C is ________.

A) 0.00
B) 1.0 × 10-7
C) 1.0 × 10-14
D) 1.00
E) 7.00

62) Of the following, ________ is a weak acid.

A) HF
B) HCl
C) HBr
D) HNO3
E) HClO4

63) HA is a weak acid. Which equilibrium corresponds to the equilibrium constant K b for A-?

A) HA (aq) + H2O (l) H2A+ (aq) + OH-(aq)

B) A- (aq) + H3O+ (aq) HA (aq) + H2O (l)

C) HA (aq) + OH- (aq) H2O (l) + H+ (aq)

D) A- (aq) + H2O (l) HA (aq) + OH- (aq)

E) A- (aq) + OH- (aq) HOA2- (aq)

64) An aqueous solution of a particular compound has pH = 7.46. The compound is ________.
A) a weak base
B) a weak acid
C) a strong acid
D) a strong base
E) a salt

65) Of the compounds below, a 0.1 M aqueous solution of ________ will have the highest pH.

A) KCN, Ka of HCN = 4.0 × 10-10

B) NH4NO3, Kb of NH3 = 1.8 × 10-5

C) NaOAc, Ka of HOAc = 1.8 × 10-5

D) NaClO, Ka of HClO = 3.2 × 10-8

E) NaHS, Kb of HS- = 1.8 × 10-7

66) The conjugate base of HPO42- is ________.

A) PO43-

B) H2PO4
C) H3PO4
D) H2PO4-

E) none of the above

67) Calculate the pH of a solution at 25.0 °C that contains 2.95 × 10-12 M hydronium ions.
A) 2.95
B) 11.53
C) 7.00
D) 12.00
E) 2.47

68) The acid-dissociation constant, Ka, for an unknown acid HA is 4.57 × 10-3. What is the base-

dissociation constant, Kb, for the unknown anion A-?

A) 5.43 × 10-5
B) 4.57 × 10-3
C) 7.81 × 10-6
D) 2.19 × 10-12
E) 2.19 × 102
69) Which of the following 0.5 M aqueous salt solutions will have a pH of 7.0 at

LiF RbBr NaClO4 NH4Cl

A) LiF only
B) NaClO4 only
C) LiF and RbBr
D) RbBr and NaClO4
E) NH4Cl only

70) In a solution, when the concentrations of a weak acid and its conjugate base are equal,
________.
A) the system is not at equilibrium
B) the buffering capacity is significantly decreased

C) the -log of the [H+] and the -log of the Ka are equal

D) All of the above are true.

71) Decreasing the pH of blood will cause hemoglobin to release ________.

A) CO2
B) N2
C) H2
D) O2
E) Fe

72) A result of the common-ion effect is ________.

A) that some ions, such as Na+ (aq), frequently appear in solutions but do not participate in
solubility equilibria
B) that common ions, such as Na+ (aq), don't affect equilibrium constants
C) that the selective precipitation of a metal ion, such as Ag+, is promoted by the addition of an
appropriate counterion (X-) that produces a compound (AgX) with a very low solubility
D) that ions such as K+ and Na+ are common ions, so that their values in equilibrium constant
expressions are always 1.00
E) that common ions precipitate all counter-ions

73) What is the solubility (in M) of PbCl2 in a solution of HCl? The Ksp of PbCl2 is

A) 2.0 × 10-3
B) 1.1 × 10-4
C) 1.8 × 10-4
D) 7.1 × 10-4
E) 1.6 × 10-5
74) The first law of thermodynamics can be given as ________.
A) ΔE = q + w

B) Δ = -
C) for any spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases
D) the entropy of a pure crystalline substance at absolute zero is zero

E) ΔS = /T at constant temperature

75) A reversible process is one that ________.

A) can be reversed with no net change in either system or surroundings
B) happens spontaneously
C) is spontaneous in both directions
D) must be carried out at low temperature
E) must be carried out at high temperature

76) For an isothermal process, ΔS = ________.

A) q

B) /T
C) qrev

D) T
E) q + w

77) Consider a pure crystalline solid that is heated from absolute zero to a temperature above the
boiling point of the liquid. Which of the following processes produces the greatest increase in the
entropy of the substance?
A) melting the solid
B) heating the liquid
C) heating the gas
D) heating the solid
E) vaporizing the liquid

78) For the reaction

2 C4H10 (g) + 13 O2 (g) → 8 CO2 (g) + 10 H2O (g)
ΔH° is -125 kJ/mol and ΔS° is +253 J/K ∙ mol. This reaction is ________.
A) spontaneous at all temperatures
B) spontaneous only at high temperature
C) spontaneous only at low temperature
D) nonspontaneous at all temperatures
E) unable to determine without more information
79) Which one of the following statements is true about the equilibrium constant for a reaction if
ΔG° for the reaction is negative?
A) K = 0
B) K = 1
C) K > 1
D) K < 1
E) More information is needed.

80) Consider the reaction:

FeO (s) + Fe (s) + O2(g) → Fe2O3 (s)

Given the following table of thermodynamic data at 298 K:

The value K for the reaction at 25 °C is ________.

A) 370
B) 5.9 × 104
C) 3.8 × 10-14
D) 7.1 × 1085
E) 8.1 × 1019

81) The signs of ΔH° and ΔS° must be ________ and ________, respectively, for a reaction to be
spontaneous at high temperatures but nonspontaneous at low temperatures.
A) +, –
B) –, +
C) –, –
D) +, +
E) +, 0

82) Which element is oxidized in the reaction below?

Fe(CO)5 (l) + 2HI (g) → Fe(CO)4I2 (s) + CO (g) + H2 (g)

A) C
B) O
C) H
D) Fe
E) I

83) What is the coefficient of the dichromate ion when the following equation is balanced?
 Fe2+ + Cr2O72- → Fe3+ + Cr3+ (acidic solution)

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 5
E) 6

Table 1
Half Reaction E°(V)

F2 (g) + 2e- → 2F- (aq) +2.87

Cl2 (g) + 2e- → 2Cl- (aq) +1.359

Br2 (l) + 2e- → 2Br- (aq) +1.065

I2 (s) + 2e- → (aq) +0.536

84) Which of the halogens in Table 1 is the strongest oxidizing agent?

A) Cl2
B) Br2
C) F2
D) I2
E) All of the halogens have equal strength as oxidizing agents.

85) Which of the statements about cathodic protection of a metal pipe against corrosion is correct?
A) The metal pipe is protected by attaching an active metal to make the pipe the cathode in an
electrochemical cell
B) The metal pipe is protected by coating the pipe with another metal whose standard reduction
potential is less negative than that of the pipe
C) The metal pipe is protected by attaching a dry cell to reduce any metal ions which might be
formed
D) The metal pipe is protected by attaching an active metal to make the pipe the anode in an
electrochemical cell
E) The metal pipe is protected by coating the pipe with a fluoropolymer to act as a source of
fluoride ion (since the latter is so hard to oxidize)

86) What is the oxidation number of oxygen in H2O2?

A) 0
B) +1
C) +2
D) -1
E) -2

87) The electrode at which oxidation occurs is called the ________.

A) oxidizing agent
B) cathode
C) reducing agent
D) anode
E) voltaic cell

88) The relationship between the change in Gibbs free energy and the emf of an electrochemical
cell is given by ________.

A) ΔG =

B) ΔG =
C) ΔG = -nFE
D) ΔG = -nRTF

E) ΔG =

89) In the electrochemical cell using the redox reaction below, the cathode half-reaction is
________.

2 (s) + Sn (s) → (aq) + H2 (g)

A) 2H+ + 2e– → H2

B) Sn → Sn2+ + 2e–

C) 2H+ → H2 + 2e–

D) Sn + 2e– → Sn2+

E) Sn + → H2

90) The standard cell potential ( ) for the reaction below is +0.63 V. At 25 °C, the cell

potential for this reaction is ________ V when [ ] = 3.0 M and [ ]=

(aq) + Zn (s) → (aq) + Pb (s)

A) 0.51
B) 0.86
C) 0.40
D) 0.75
E) 0.63

91) Which of the following does not have eight valence electrons?
A) Ca+
B) Rb+
C) Xe
D) Br-
E) All of the above have eight valence electrons.

92) The equilibrium constant for reaction 1 is K. The equilibrium constant for reaction 2 is
________.

(1) SO2 (g) + (1/2) O2 (g) SO3 (g)

(2) 2SO3 (g) 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g)

A) K2
B) 2K
C) 1/2K
D) 1/K2
E) -K2