Earth and Life Science accumulate in layers and over long period of time harden

into rocks.
Topic: Rocks
● Compaction-due to increase of pressure of
Timeline: Week #4 layered sediments it binds together to form the
sedimentary rocks.

The study of rocks is known as petrology. Rocks Three types of sedimentary rocks
are a mineral assemblage. Rocks were categorized by a. Clastic Sedimentary rock - formed from accumulation
petrologists depending on how they were created. of clasts: little pieces of broken
Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are the
three types of rocks that exist. rocks and shells. Examples: conglomerate, breccia,
sandstone, shale
To a depth of 2,900 kilometers, the Earth is solid
rock, where the mantle meets the liquid outer core. A rock b. Chemical - formed when dissolved minerals precipitate
is a solid aggregation of one or more minerals that occurs from a solution.
naturally. Chemical connections hold the aggregate
minerals in the rocks together. Color, texture, and size of Example: Halite - formed when a body of seawater
grains vary. After that, geologists divide rocks into three becomes closed off and
groups based on how they form: igneous, sedimentary, evaporates.
and metamorphic rock. The study of rocks is known as
petrology. Petrologists divide rocks into categories based c. Organic - rocks formed from the accumulation of
on how they were created. animal debris
Example: Coal - composed of organic matter in the form
of plants fragments.

Metamorphic – forms from pre-existing rocks: either

metamorphic, igneous, sedimentary (Examples: quartzite,
marble, slate, phyllite, limestone, sandstone)
Metamorphism - transformation of one rock type into
Three types of Rocks another.
Igneous- formed from hardening and crystallization of Two types of metamorphism
magma or molten material that originates deep within the
earth. (Example: Obsidian, granite, basalt, pumice)
1. Regional-due to changes in pressure and
Two types of igneous rock: temperature over large region of the crust
2. Contact-mainly by heat due to contact with
A. Extrusive/Volcanic rock - forms when magma makes magma
its way to Earth’s surface as lava and then cools. The Classification:
crystals are very small (fine grained) since the cooling
process is fast. a. Texture - refers to the size
arrangement ad grains within the
B. Intrusive/Plutonic - It cools slowly beneath the Earth rock.
surface and are created by magma. The intrusive igneous b. Foliation - any planar arrangement
rocks have very large crystals (coarse grained). of mineral grains or structural
Igneous rocks are classified based on features within the
rock.
1. Composition
Foliated - appeared banded or layered, contains crystals
2. Texture- overall appearance of rock Example: mica
Sedimentary rocks provide information about surface Non-foliated -made up of only few minerals
conditions that existed in the Earth’s past. (Example:
Breccia, conglomerate)
● Particles of sand, shells, pebbles, and other Activities at the back!
fragments of materials called sediments,
Activity 1 Assessment Test

Fill in the table below by providing basic information Choose the letter of the best answer.
about the types of rocks. You may refer to the words in 1. Rocks vary in color, size, texture and shape. They are classified
the box below. based on how they were formed. Which of the following deals with the
study of rocks?
Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic
A. Biology B. Geology C. Paleontology D. Petrology
Types 2. Halite is made when a body of seawater becomes closed off and
evaporates and salt precipitates out and is deposited as crystallized
Examples halite. What type of sedimentary rock is formed?

Process A. Clastic B. Chemical C. Organic D. Pyroclastic

formation 3. Igneous rock is divided into two groups, extrusive and intrusive
Extrusive igneous rocks form when magma makes its way to its surface
Lithification pumice clastic as lava and the cools forming rocks. Which will be the characteristics
of the crystals?
Metamorphism sandstone intrusive A. Crystals are very large. C. Crystals are fine grained.
Cooling andesite extrusive B. Crystals are phaneritic. D. Crystals are coarse grained.

Cementation slate non- clastic 4. Regional metamorphism occurs due to changes in pressure and
temperature over a large region of the crust. It may happen when rock
Deposition marble contact is buried deep below the surface or where pieces of the Earth’s crust
collide. Which is a metamorphic rock?
metamorphism A. Breccia B. Conglomerate C. Marble D. Sandstone

5. Igneous and metamorphic rock can be buried and undergo

tremendous heating and stress. What is the process of transformation
Activity 2 of one rock type into another?

Identify and name the rock type. Choose the name form A. Compaction B. Lithification C. Metamorphism D. Weathering
the word list 6. What type of rocks are formed from sediments over long period of
time? A. Igneous Rocks C. Metamorphic Rocks
3 4 B. Sedimentary Rocks D. Minerals

7. Which type of rock is formed when heated and compressed over

time? A. Igneous C. Sedimentary

B. Metamorphic D. All are correct

8. Which rock type is formed from hardened magma beneath the

Earth’s surface?

A. Intrusive metamorphic rock C. Intrusive igneous rock

2 5 B. Extrusive sedimentary rock D. Extrusive igneous rock

9. Which of the following represents the correct order of the processes

1
responsible for the formation of sedimentary rocks?

A. Compaction, cementation, deposition, weathering, erosion

B. Deposition, cementation, compaction, erosion, weathering

C. Erosion, weathering, compaction, cementation, deposition

D. Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation

Word List:
10. Which of the following is true about rocks?

A. Coal is not considered a rock.

Sediments Sedimentary rock Igneous rock B. Rocks do not contain minerals.

Metamorphic rock Magma C. Most rocks are a mixture of minerals.

D. Rocks are composed of only one mineral.