AP ECE Statistics Ch 5 Exam

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. I toss a penny and observe whether it lands heads up or tails up. Suppose the penny is fair, meaning the
probability of heads is 1/2 and the probability of tails is 1/2. This means that
a. every occurrence of a head must be balanced by a tail in one of the next two or three
tosses.
b. if I flip the coin 10 times, it would be almost impossible to obtain 7 heads and 3 tails.
c. if I flip the coin many, many times the proportion of heads will be approximately 1/2, and
this proportion will tend to get closer and closer to 1/2 as the number of tosses increases.
d. regardless of the number of flips, half will be heads and half tails.
e. All of the above.
____ 2. A poker player is dealt poor hands for several hours. He decides to bet heavily on the last hand of the evening
on the grounds that after many bad hands he is due for a winner.
a. He's right. The winnings have to average out.
b. He's wrong. Successive deals are independent of each other.
c. He's right. Successive deals are independent of each other.
d. He's wrong. He is clearly on a “cold streak.”
e. Whether he’s right or wrong depends on how many bad hands he has been dealt so far.
____ 3. A basketball player makes 75% of his free throws. We want to estimate the probability that he makes 4 or
more free throws out of 5 attempts (we assume the shots are independent). To do this, we use the digits 1, 2,
and 3 to correspond to making the free throw and the digit 4 to correspond to missing the free throw. If the
table of random digits begins with the digits below, how many free throws does he hit in our first simulation
of five shots?
19223 95034 58301
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
____ 4. To simulate a toss of a coin we let the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 correspond to a head and the digits 5, 6, 7, 8, and
9 correspond to a tail. Consider the following game: We are going to toss the coin until we either get a head
or we get two tails in a row, whichever comes first. If it takes us one toss to get the head we score 2 points, if
it takes us two tosses we score 1 point, and if we get two tails in a row we score 0. Use the following
sequence of random digits to simulate this game as many times as possible.
12975 13258 45144
Based on your simulation, what is the estimated probability of scoring zero?
a. 1/2
b. 2/11
c. 2/15
d. 6/15
e. 7/11
____ 5. The collection of all possible outcomes of a random phenomenon is called
a. a census.
b. the probability.
c. a random process.
d. the sample space.
e. the distribution.
____ 6. An assignment of probabilities must obey which of the following?
a. The probability of any event must be a number between 0 and 1, inclusive.
b. The sum of all the probabilities of all outcomes in the sample space must be exactly 1.
c. The probability of an event is the sum of the probabilities of outcomes in the sample space
in which the event occurs.
d. All three of the above are correct.
e. Only (a) and (b) are correct.
____ 7. Event A has probability 0.4. Event B has probability 0.5. If A and B are mutually exclusive (disjoint), what is
the probability that both events occur?
a. 0
b. 0.1
c. 0.2
d. 0.7
e. 0.9
____ 8. If you draw an M&M candy at random from a bag, the candy you draw will have one of six colors. The
probability of drawing each color depends on the proportion of each color among all candies made. The table
below gives the probability that a randomly chosen M&M had each color.

Color Brown Red Yellow Green Orange Blue

Probability 0.3 0.2 ? 0.1 0.1 0.1

What is the probability of drawing a yellow candy?

a. 0
b. 0.1
c. 0.2
d. 0.3
e. This is impossible to determine from the information given.
____ 9. Ignoring twins and other multiple births, assume that babies born at a hospital are independent random events
with the probability that a baby is a boy and the probability that a baby is a girl both equal to 0.5. What is the
probability that the next five babies are girls?
a. 2.5
b. 0.5
c. 0.1
d. 0.0625
e. 0.03125
____ 10. The Venn diagram below describes the proportion of students who take chemistry and Spanish at Jefferson
High School, where A = student takes chemistry and B = student takes Spanish. Suppose one student is
chosen at random.

What is the probability that the student takes neither chemistry nor Spanish?
a. 0.1
b. 0.2
c. 0.3
d. 0.4
e. 0.6
____ 11. Choose a random shopper at a local grocery store. Let Event P = the shopper is buying some kind of fresh
produce. Let Event C = the shopper is paying with a credit card. Below is a Venn Diagram of the
probabilities associated with these two events.

Which one of the two-way tables below conveys the same

information?

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.
____ 12. The two-way table below gives information on the performers in the New York Philharmonic Orchestra,
categorized by section (type of instrument) and gender.
Type of instrument
Strings Woodwinds Brass Total
Male 24 8 12 44
Gender
Female 37 6 1 44
Total 61 14 13 88

You select one musician from this group at random. What is the probability that this person plays a
woodwind?
a. 0.091
b. 0.136
c. 0.159
d. 0.182
e. 0.571
____ 13. The following table compares the hand dominance of 200 Canadian high school students and what methods
they prefer using to communicate with their friends.
Communication method
Cell phone/text In person Online Total
Hand Left-handed 12 13 9 34
dominance Right-handed 43 72 51 166
Total 55 85 60 200

Suppose one student is chosen randomly from this group of 200. What is the probability that the student
chosen is left-handed or prefers to communicate with friends in person?
a. 0.065
b. 0.17
c. 0.425
d. 0.53
e. 0.595
____ 14. Mrs. Auld asked 100 high school students if they had a dog, a cat, or both at home. Here are the results.
Dog?
No Yes Total
No 74 4 78
Cat?
Yes 10 12 22
Total 84 16 100
If a single student is selected at random, what is the probability associated with the union of the events “has a
dog” and “does not have a cat?”
a. 0.04
b. 0.16
c. 0.78
d. 0.9
e. 0.94
____ 15. The letters p, q, r, and s represent probabilities for the four distinct regions in the Venn diagram below. For
each question, indicate which expression describes the probability of the event indicated.

P(B | A) =
a. s
b. s – r
c.

d.

e.

____ 16. You ask a sample of 370 people, "Should clinical trials on issues such as heart attacks that affect both sexes
use subjects of just one sex?" The responses are in the table below. Suppose you choose one of these people at
random.
Yes No
Male 34 105
Female 46 185
What is the probability that the person said "Yes," given that she is a woman?
a. 0.20
b. 0.22
c. 0.25
d. 0.50
e. 0.575
____ 17. Mrs. Bukovac compiled the following table to compare the hand dominance of 200 Cleveland Heights High
School students and what methods they prefer using to communicate with their friends.

Communication method
Cell phone/text In person Online Total
Hand Left-handed 12 13 9 34
dominance Right-handed 43 72 51 166
Total 55 85 60 200

Suppose one student is chosen randomly from this group of 200. If you know the person that has been
randomly selected is left-handed, what is the probability that they prefer to communicate with friends in
person?
a. 0.065
b. 0.153
c. 0.17
d. 0.382
e. 0.53
____ 18. A group of 125 pick-up truck owners were asked what brand of truck they owned and whether it had
four-wheel drive. The results are given in the two-way table below.
Four wheel drive?
Yes No Total
Ford 28 17 45
Truck
Chevy 32 18 50
Brand
Dodge 20 10 30
Total 80 45 125

You randomly select one truck owner. What is the probability that he owns a Chevy, given that he has
four-wheel drive?
a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

____ 19. If P(A) = 0.6; P(B) = 0.2, and P(A  B) = 0.10, which of the following must be true?
a. A and B are independent and mutually exclusive.
b. A and B are not independent, but they are mutually exclusive.
c. A and B are independent, but they are not mutually exclusive.
d. A and B are neither independent nor mutually exclusive.
e. A and B are mutually exclusive, but there is not enough information to determine if they
are independent.
____ 20. The probability of a randomly selected adult having a rare disease for which a diagnostic test has been
developed is 0.001. The diagnostic test is not perfect. The probability the test will be positive (indicating that
the person has the disease) is 0.99 for a person with the disease and 0.02 for a person without the disease. If a
randomly selected person is tested and the result is positive, what is the probability the individual has the
disease?
a. 0.001
b. 0.019
c. 0.020
d. 0.021
e. 0.047
____ 21. Coach Kemp chooses a student at random from the Coppell High School student body, and the following
events are recorded:
M = the student is male,
F = the student is female,
B = the student ate breakfast that morning, and
N = the student did not eat breakfast that morning.

The following tree diagram gives probabilities associated with these events.

What is the probability that the selected student is a male and ate breakfast?
a. 0.32
b. 0.40
c. 0.50
d. 0.64
e. 0.80
____ 22. Mrs. Lerch chooses a student at random from the Sage Hill student body, and the following events are
recorded:
M = the student is male,
F = the student is female,
B = the student ate breakfast that morning, and
N = the student did not eat breakfast that morning.

The following tree diagram gives probabilities associated with these events.

Given that a student who ate breakfast is selected, what is the probability that he is male?
a. 0.32
b. 0.40
c. 0.50
d. 0.64
e. 0.80
____ 23. DeAnna’s school bus arrives at her stop at 6:00 am. If she misses the bus, her father drives her to school.
Let event B = DeAnna catches the bus and F = DeAnna makes it to her first period class on time. The tree
diagram summarizes the probabilities in this situation.

Given that DeAnna makes it to her first class on time, what is the probability her father drove her to school?
a. 0.160
b. 0.168
c. 0.202
d. 0.792
e. 0.832
____ 24. Experience has shown that a certain lie detector will show a positive reading (indicates a lie) 10% of the time
when a person is telling the truth and 95% of the time when a person is lying. Suppose that a random sample
of 5 suspects is subjected to a lie detector test regarding a recent one-person crime. What is the probability of
observing no positive readings if all suspects plead innocent and are telling the truth?
a. 0.409
b. 0.735
c. 0.00001
d. 0.590
e. 0.99999
____ 25. A system has two components that operate in parallel, as shown in the diagram below. Because the
components operate in parallel, at least one of the components must function properly if the system is to
function properly. Let F denote the event that component 1 fails during one period of operation and G denote
the event that component 2 fails during one period of operation. Suppose P(F) = 0.20 and P(G) = 0.03. The
component failures are independent.

Which of the following is the probability that the system functions properly during one period of operation?
a. 0.5
b. 0.776
c. 0.940
d. 0.970
e. 0.994
AP ECE Statistics Ch 5 Exam
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 5.1

OBJ: 5.1
2. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 5.1
OBJ: 5.1
3. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 5.1
OBJ: 5.2
4. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 5.1
OBJ: 5.2
5. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 5.2
OBJ: 5.3
6. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 5.2
OBJ: 5.4
7. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 5.2
OBJ: 5.4
8. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 5.2
OBJ: 5.4
9. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 5.2
OBJ: 5.4
10. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 5.2
OBJ: 5.5
11. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 5.2
OBJ: 5.5
12. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 5.2
OBJ: 5.5
13. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 5.2
OBJ: 5.6
14. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 5.2
OBJ: 5.6
15. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 5.3
OBJ: 5.7
16. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 5.3
OBJ: 5.7
17. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 5.3
OBJ: 5.7
18. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 5.3
OBJ: 5.7
19. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 5.3
OBJ: 5.4 | 5.8
20. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 5.3
OBJ: 5.9
21. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 5.3
OBJ: 5.10
22. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 5.3
 OBJ: 5.10
23. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 5.3
OBJ: 5.10
24. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 5.3
OBJ: 5.4 | 5.11
25. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 5.3
OBJ: 5.11