PALAYCHECK SYSTEM FOR IRRIGATED LOWLAND RICE

Nutrient Management
KEY CHECK 5:
Sufficient nutrients from
tillering to early panicle
initiation and flowering
 NUTRIENT FACTS
• Nutrients are what plants • Rice plants grow and
need to grow and become respond better to
productive. fertilizer when there is
• Proper nutrient management more sunlight.
improves crop growth and • Of all nutrient elements,
yield. rice plants need more of
nitrogen (N), phosphorus
(P), potassium (K), zinc
(Zn), and sulfur (S).

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 Why do rice plants need fertilizers?
Nutrient inputs as fertilizers fill the gap between what the crop
needs and what is currently present in the soil, water, and air
(indigenous supply).

Climate

N-P-K

Crop residues
Inorganic/ Organic
Humus Soil fertilizer
Irrigation water Biological
Nitrogen Fixation
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 Importance of Key Check 5
nutrients from tillering to
early PI and flowering

insufficient sufficient excessive

slow growth good, uniform pest damage

growth
less tillers, lodging
panicles uniform
panicle dev’t pollution
fewer seeds
attainment of
low grain weight yield potential

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 Assessment of Key Check 5

No symptoms of nutrient deficiency

or toxicity from tillering to early
panicle initiation and flowering.

Achieved at least 300 panicles/m2

(TPR) or 350 panicles/m2 (DWSR) at
dough stage.

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 How to assess the number of panicles at
dough stage:
1m
1. Randomly select 3
sampling sites (1m x 1m 1m
quadrat) at least 1m
from the levee and in a
diagonal line across the
field.

2. Count the panicles in 1m

each quadrat and get the
average.
Example:
Average panicles = Total number of panicles
3. Compute for the number m2 3m2
of panicles/m2 . 1000 panicles__
=
3m2
= 333 panicles/m2

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 How and what will you feed them?

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 Recommendations to Achieve Key Check 5

1. Know and manage the nutrient

requirement of your crop based on:
- visual observation of deficiency
symptoms
- results of nutrient assessment
and decision support tools
- other available information

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 TIPS IN PROPER VISUAL DIAGNOSIS OF
NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY

UPPER LEAVES
Zinc (Zn)
Calcium (Ca)
Copper (Cu) LOWER LEAVES
Iron (Fe) Nitrogen (N)
Boron (B) Phosphorus (P)
Sulfur (S) Potassium (K)
Manganese (Mn) Magnesium (Mg)

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 DIAGNOSTIC AND DECISION SUPPORT TOOLS

Minus-One Element Technique & MOET App

A pot experiment to determine the nutrients deficient in the
soil that is complemented with an ICT-based application.

Leaf Color Chart (LCC)

A tool to visually assess the nitrogen status of rice crops.

Nutrient Omission Plot Technique (NOPT)

A means to assess indigenous nutrient supply to
serve as basis of fertilizer recommendation.

Rice Crop Manager (RCM)

An ICT-based platform for rapidly deploying improved
nutrient & rice farming management technologies.

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 Recommendations to Achieve Key Check 5

2. Know the right element, amount, & timing

of fertilizer application.

Make

E A T
Right!

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 Know the right nutrient ELEMENT
E your plant needs. Giving the right
nutrients increases cost efficiency
and attainment of target yield.

Know the right AMOUNT of

A fertilizer to apply. Too much or
too little is not good.

Know the right TIMING of

T fertilizer application to increase
efficiency in input cost and
nutrient uptake.

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 NITROGEN (N)
Right Element
(N ) promotes rapid growth for increased:
• plant height and number
of tillers
• leaf size
• number of panicles per hill
• number of spikelets per
panicle
• grain protein content
• percentage of filled grains

Example sources of N from inorganic fertilizer:

14-14-14, 46-0-0, 21-0-0-24S, and 16-20-0

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 NITROGEN (N)
Right Amount

• Deficiency symptoms: Stunted,

yellowish plants. Older leaves or
whole plants are yellowish green.

• Too much N particularly between

panicle initiation and flowering makes
the plant prone to lodging and pests.
• Excessive N application is costly and
may contribute to environmental
pollution.

• Use results of LCC, RCM, NOPT, and

MOET as basis in properly determining
the amount of N to apply.

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 NITROGEN (N)
Right Timing

LCC is Available LCC is not Available

For ≤110 Day Maturity For >110 Day Maturity
 Use LCC every 7 days
from 14 DAT or 21
 Apply N at 0-14  Apply N at 0-14 DAT,
DAS until early
DAT/DAS and 5- 7 mid tillering, and 5- 7
flowering.
days before panicle days before or after
initiation. panicle initiation.
 Apply N if more than
5 out of 10 leaves
are below 4 (TPR) or
3.5 (DWSR).

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 NITROGEN (N)
Right Timing
Application 1st 2nd 3rd
TPR 0-14 DAT mid-tillering 5-7 days before or after PI
DWSR 7-10 DAS mid-tillering 5-7 days before or after PI

(optional)
15% heading
Organic

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 DAT

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 DAS

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 PHOSPHORUS (P)
Right Element

(P) functions mainly for

energy storage and transfer.

In rice, it promotes:
a. vigorous root development
b.tillering
c. early flowering
d.ripening

Example sources of P from inorganic fertilizer:

14-14-14, 16-20-0, and 0-18-0-24S

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PHOSPHORUS (P)
Right Amount

• Deficiency symptoms:
Stunted dark green plants with
narrow, short, very erect leaves and
greatly reduced tillering. Thin stems
and retarded development. The
number of leaves, panicles, and
grains per panicle are also reduced.

• Use results of MOET test and Rice

Crop Manager as basis in properly
determining the amount of P to
apply.
 PHOSPHORUS (P)
Right Timing
Application
TPR 0-14 DAT
DWSR 7-10 DAS

Organic

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 DAT

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 DAS

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 POTASSIUM (K)
Right Element

(K) in rice plants:

• improves root growth and plant vigor
• improves tolerance of rice to adverse
condition: pest and disease; drought; lodging
• improves uptake of other nutrients
• Increases grain size and weight

K deficiency is often not detected because its

symptoms do not appear until the later
growth stages and are not as easy to
recognize as that of N deficiency.
Example sources of K from inorganic fertilizer:
14-14-14, 0-0-60 , and 17-0-17

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 POTASSIUM (K)
Right Amount

• Deficiency symptoms: Dark

green plants with yellowish
brown leaf margins or dark
brown necrotic spots first
appear on the tip of older
leaves.

• Use results of MOET test

and Rice Crop Manager as
basis in properly
determining the amount of
K to apply.

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 POTASSIUM (K)
Right Timing
Application 1st 2nd
TPR 0-14 DAT 5-7 days before or after PI
DWSR 0-14 DAS 5-7 days before or after PI

Organic

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 DAT

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 DAS

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 ZINC (Zn)
Right Element

(Zn) promotes good seedling and overall growth of plants.

It is essential for several

biochemical pathways and
structural processes in the rice
plant.

In Zn-deficient soils, NPK

fertilizers alone cannot provide
good yield unless Zn deficiency is
corrected.

Example sources of Zn from inorganic fertilizer:

Zinc Sulfate, Zinc Metallate, Zinc Oxide

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 ZINC (Zn)
Right Amount

• Deficiency symptoms:
Dusty brown spots on upper
leaves of stunted plants
appearing 2-4 weeks after
transplanting

• Use results of MOET and

Rice Crop Manager as basis
in properly determining the
amount of Zn to apply.

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 ZINC (Zn)
Right Amount and Timing
Choose only one among the following amelioration techniques.
Amelioration
Amount Timing
Techniques
TPR Seedling dip 2% ZnO solution dip for 15min
max of 30min

Seedbed apply 0.5-2kg per 400m2 seedbed

seedbed OR 0.5-2kg per
40kg inbred seeds
Broadcast 25kg ZnSO4/ha 10-14 DAT
Foliar Spraying 2% solution spray (vol. 14 DAT
spray of 170 liters/ha)
DWSR Seed Zn coating 1% of the dry weight of seed preparation
seeds

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SULFUR (S)
Right Element

(S) promotes uniform growth and maturity.

 affects chlorophyll
production, protein
synthesis and plant
function and structure
 delayed plant
development and
maturity
 affects yield if deficiency
occurs at vegetative
stage JJAungon

Example sources of S from inorganic fertilizer:

14-14-14-12S and 21-0-0-24S
SULFUR (S)
Right Amount

• Deficiency symptoms:
yellowing of young leaves,
reduced no. of tillers, fewer
and shorter panicles, reduced
no. of spikelets per panicle,
and delayed maturity

• Use results of MOET test and Rice Crop Manager as basis in

properly determining the amount of S to apply.

• The amount of sulfur in 14-14-14-12S (12% sulfur) as

recommended to treat P and K deficiencies is adequate to
correct usual sulfur deficiency.
 SULFUR (S)
Right Timing
Application
TPR 0-14 DAT
DWSR 0-14 DAS

Organic

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 DAT

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 DAS

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 Right technique of application of granular inorganic fertilizer

• Incorporate fertilizer into the soil for better absorption of nutrients and to
avoid nutrient leaching and N volatilization.

• Apply only 30% of the total N

requirement during the 1st
application.

• Apply topdress fertilizer at low water

depth (2-5 cm) to reduce N
volatilization, and nutrient run-off.

• Apply fertilizer during the cooler part

of the day (particularly after 3:00
PM) to avoid N losses.
 Input Output Outcome

• right elements • sufficient nutrients

from fertilizer during tillering to early
used panicle initiation and
• right amount • High yield
flowering
of fertilizer • Higher profit
• more tillers/panicles/
applied • Minimal
grains
• right timing of damage to
• increase cost efficiency
fertilizer environment
and nutrient uptake
application • minimized pollution to
followed the environment
Production Assistant:
Mr. Kremlin del Castillo

Technical Reviewers:
Mr. Wilfredo Collado; Ms. Evelyn Javier

Courseware Reviewers:
Ms. Lea dR. Abaoag; Ms. Ev Angeles

Note:
Presentation produced in 2019 based on results of a
series of consultation workshops with PhilRice R&D
staff; adapted from instructional presentation
produced by PhilRice in 2011.

You may use, remix, tweak, & build upon this

presentation non-commercially. However, always
use with acknowledgment.

Unless otherwise stated, the names listed are

PhilRice staffers.

7/23/2019 31
PALAYCHECK SYSTEM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH- QUALITY INBRED RICE SEEDS

Nutrient Management
KEY CHECK 5:
Sufficient nutrients from
tillering to early panicle
initiation and flowering
Review!
 What nutrient element is critical in the following stages:

Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Zinc Sulfur

Organic
 Matching game

S def
Zn def K def
N def
P def

N def P def K def S def Zn def