=:

=kNj uhkhD[ha ek: =kj; tutuKeNa ek:

=kj; tujFUNt ek:

Mo;thh;fs; thop. mUspr; nray; thop.

jho;thJkpy; Futh; jhk; thop. - Vo;ghUk;
ca;a. mth;fs; ciuj;jitfs; jhk; thop.
nra;a kiw jd;DlNd Nrh;e;J. (cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 3Mk; ghRuk;)

Mo;thh;fs; Vw;wk;. mUspr; nray; Vw;wk;.

jho;thJk; ,d;wp mit jhk; tsh;jN ; jhh; - Vo; ghUk; ca;a.
mth;fs; nra;j tpahf;fpiafs; cs;snjy;yhk;
itak; mwpag; gfh;Nthk; tha;e;J. (cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 34Mk; ghRuk;)

njUSw;w Mo;thh;fs;. rPhi

; k mwpthuhh;.
mUspr; nraiy mwpthuhh;. - mUs; ngw;w
ehjKdp Kjyhk; (Kjyhd) ek; Njrpfiu my;yhy;
Ngij kdNk! cz;Nlh NgR. (cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 36Mk; ghRuk;)

ij khjj;jpy; mtjhpj;j Mo;thh;, Mrhh;ah;fs; jpUehkq;fSk;

jpUer;rj;jpuq;fSk; fPNo tUkhW :

thpir Mo;thh;fs; / Mrhh;ah;fs; jpUel;rj;jpuk;; gf;fk;

vz; jpUehkk;
1 jpUf;NfhtY}h; vk;ngUkhdhh; kpUfrPhp\k; 02 - 28
[Pah;
2 vk;ghh; Gdh;G+rk; 29 - 42
3 jpUkopiraho;thh; kfk; 43 - 48
4 $uj;jho;thd;, <r;rk;ghb `];jk; 49 - 55
Mr;rhd;
5 <r;rk;ghb Mr;rhd;, <r;rk;ghb jdpad; 56 - 57
[Pah;, = Re;juNjrpfd;
6 Klk;ig ek;gp `];jk; 58 - 65
7 FUiff;fhtyg;gd; tprhfk; 66 - 68
8 nrhl;il ek;gp (Mste;jhh; G+ul;lhjp 69 - 71
jpUf;Fkhuh;), ehYhuhd;
,th;fspd; jdpad;, ehs;ghl;L, thopj;jpUehkk; kw;Wk; ,th;fs; mUspAs;s
g;uge;jq;fs;, f;ue;jq;fisg; gw;wp fPNo mDgtpg;Nghk; :
 = :
=kNj uhkhD[ha ek: =kj; tutuKeNa ek:
=kj; tuj FuNt ek:

jpUf;NfhtY}h; Xd;whd vk;ngUkhdhh; [Pah; - tU\ jpUel;rj;jpuk; ij –

kpUfrPhp\k;

;
jpUf;NfhtYhh; xd;whd vk;ngUkhdhh; [Pah; kw;Wk; 2tJ gl;lk; [Pah;

jpUf;NfhtY}h; th;j;jkhd vk;ngUkhdhh; [Pah; ];thkp

 Gifg;glk; cjtp : = Nfhghy; ];thkp, Nryk;

jdpad;
G\;Na k;Uf ஶpNuhj;G+jk; =N]\hk;]k`k; gN[ /
=kj;ajPe;jug;utz g;utzk; yr\;kzk; Kepk; //

=Nஶy eu]pk;`hh;a =ghjfkyhஶ;hpjk; /

te;Nj ajPe;j;u; g;utzg;utzk; yr\;kzk;Kepk; //

thopj;jpUehkk;
ijapy; kpUfrPUlj;jpy; juzp te;Njhd; thopNa
jz; NfhtY}h; efh; tpsq;fj; jhDjpj;jhd; thopNa
itafj;jpy; <Liuf;Fk; thrfj;Njhd; thopNa
tuNahfp fUizapdhy; tho;jUs;Nthd; thopNa
nra;a ,ilfop Mad; nry;tk; tsh;j;Njhd; thopNa
rPuhUk; NfhtY}h; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa
ikay;kpF Nfhty; vk;kpuhkhDrKdp thopNa
kyubAk; Kf;NfhYk; khepyj;jpy; thopNa.

Mhpah;fs; tho mUspr;nray; tho

jhuzpapy; G+q;NfhtY}h; tho - rPUila
kd;DGfo; vk;ngUkhdhh; KdpNa! khatNd!
,d;DnkhU E}w;whz;bUk;.
kq;fs ];Nyhfk;

=kNj gzpuh[hk;ஶ KePe;j;uha k`hj;kNe /

=NfhgGhPth]ha epj;a=h; epj;a kq;fsk; //
mtjhu];jyk; - jpUNtq;flkiyf;F tlf;Nf Ky;Fjph; vd;w fpuhkk;
jpUehkk; - ,uhkhE[d;
jpUj;jfg;gdhh; - nfhz;ld; Ia;aq;fhh;. ,tUf;F fpU\;z Ia;aq;fhh;
vd;w kw;nwU ngaUk; cz;L.
jpUj;jhahh; - khjtk;kq;fhh; vd;fpw nrq;fkyty;yp
,th; jpUtde;jho;thd; mk;rk; Mthh;.
Mrhhpah; - Vl;�h; mj;jq;fp rpq;fuhrhhpah; ];thkp
 jpUf;NfhtY}h; =kj; vk;ngUkhdhh; [Pah; ];thkp itgtk;

[Pah; jpUttjhuk; nra;jjw;fhd fhuzk; vd;d?

r;hpa: gjpahd =ke; ehuhazd; gpd;dhdhh; tzq;Fk; Nrhjpaha; Nrit
rhjpj;J tUk; jpUg;gjpfs; 108y; eLehl;L jpUg;gjpfs; ,uz;L.
mitahtd - xd;W jpUf;NfhtY}h; kw;nwhd;W jpUt`pe;jpuGuk;.
,t;tpU jpUg;gjpfSs; JQ;rh ePh; tsQ;Ruf;Fk; ngz;izj; njd;ghy;
vd;W tpsq;FtJ jpUf;NfhtY}h; vd;Dk; jpt;a Njrk; MFk;.
mf;fhyj;jpy; =Ntjt;ah] gl;lh; vd;gth; jpUtpf;ukg; ngUkhis
kq;fshrhrek; nra;J nfhz;Lk;, re;ejp ifq;fh;aq;fis eph;tfpj;Jf;
nfhz;Lk; tho;e;J te;jhh;. mg;nghOJ me;ehl;il Mz;Lte;j irt
Nrho kd;duhy; me;j re;ejp mgfhpf;fg;gl;lJ. vk;ngUkhd;
vOe;jUspapUf;Fk; fh;g;g kz;lgj;J thapy; fy; Rtuhy; %lg;gl;Lk;,
Kd;Gwj;jpy; rptypq;fKk;;, rpthyar; rpd;dq;fSk; mikf;fg;gl;Lk;,
irth;fs; topghl;L ];jykhfp khwp tpl;lJ.
Nfhapy; ifq;fh;aq;fis ,oe;j =Ntjt;ah] gl;lh; Mwhg; ngUe;
Jah; cw;whh;. jk; rhPuj;ij tpLtjw;F epr;rapj;J, cz;zhJ,
cwq;fhJ, jsh;Tw;W tUk;NghJ xU ehs; ,utpy; jk;ikawpahJ
epj;jpiu trg;gl;lhh;. mbath;f;F nka;adhd jpUtpf;fukd; gl;lh;
fdtpy; Njhd;wp gl;lNu! Nrhfj;ij jtph;g;gPh;. xU [Pah;
mtjhpf;fg;Nghfpd;whh;. mtuhy; ,j;jyk; kPz;Lk; khw;wg;gLk;. mJ
tiuapy; nghWj;jpUk; vd;w jpUtha; kyh;e;jUspdhh;. gl;lUk; njspe;J
vOe;J gfthdpd; ngUq;fUidia gyfhYk; Gfo;e;J, jkJ
vz;zj;ij tpLtpj;J, jpUtuq;fj;ij mile;jhh;. mq;F muq;fefh;
mg;gid kq;fshrhrek; nra;J nfhz;L [Pahpd; jpUttjhu fhyj;ij
vjph; Nehf;fp jhpj;J ,Ue;jhh;.
,e;j jpt;a Njrk; kl;Lky;yhky; mf;fhyj;jpy; ghz;ba ehl;L
jpUg;gjpfs; 18Ds; Mo;thh; jpUefhp Kjyhd etjpUg;gjpfs; jpBnud
Nghj;jpkhh;fs; iftrkhfp mth;fs; Muhjidf;F cl;gl;L ,Ue;jd.
=K\;zk;;, jpUf;fz;zkq;if Kjypa jpt;a Njrq;fSk; rPuope;J
fple;jd. jpUtuq;fj;jpy; $uj;jho;thd; re;ejp mikg;gjw;Fk;,
gpuk;kujk; Kjypa mUsg;ghLfSf;Fk; , jyj;jhuhYk;, mjpfhu
th;f;fj;jhuYk; gy ,ilA+Wfs; Vw;gl;L ,Ue;jd. ,itfs; xope;J rPh;
ngWtjw;Fk; [Pah; jpUttjuk; gz;zf;$ba ehis gl;lh; vjph; ghh;j;J
fhj;jpUe;jhh;.
=kj; vk;ngUkhdhh; [Pah; jpUttjhuk;

gud; nrd;W Nrh; jpUNtq;fl khkiyf;F tlf;Nf Ky;Fjph; (Nkhl;rk;

nfhLf;ff; $ba ];jyk;) vd;Dk; fpuhkk; cz;L. mjpy; nfhz;ld;
Ia;aq;fhh; vd;gth; xUth; ,Ue;jhh;. ,tUf;F fpU\;z Ia;aq;fhh;
vd;w kw;nwU ngaUk; cz;L. mth; kiztpahh; jpUehkk;
khjtk;kq;fhh; vd;fpw nrq;fkyty;yp. ,th;fs; ,y;ywj;ij ey;ywk;
nghypa elj;jp te;J rpwg;Gw;W tho;e;J te;jhh;fs;. mth;fSf;F
Gj;jupghf;fpak; ,y;yhky; neLq;fhyk; ngUk; FiwAld; tho;e;J
te;jhh;fs;.
FspuUtp Ntq;flj;Jf;Fr; nrd;w mg;gdplj;jpy; jq;fs; Fiwiaj;
jPh;j;J itf;Fk;gb Ntz;bf; nfhz;lhh;fs;.
rpyehl;fs; nrd;wJk; nrq;fkyty;ypahh; fh;g;gtjpaha; gpurt
fhyj;jpy; nghWf;f nthz;zhj NehAw;Wj; Jbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;.
mg;NghJ fpU\;z Ia;aq;fhh; nrbahaty;tpidfs; jPh;f;Fk; jpUkhNy!
nebahNd! Ntq;flth! vd; kztp Rfkhf Xh; Mz; kfitg;
(gps;isia) ngWthshapd; me;j kfitia NjthPh; re;epjpapy;
epj;jpa ifq;fh;ak; nra;a rkh;g;gpf;fpNwd; vd;W
jpUNtq;flKilahidg; gpuhh;j;jpf; nfhz;lhh;.
nrq;fky ty;ypahUk; ez;zhtRuh; eyp nta;j ey;ytkuh; nghyp
nta;j vd;fpwgbNa Xh; Mz; gps;isia fp.gp 1452f;Fr; rhpahd
=Kf tU\k; ij khjk; kPUfrPhp\ el;rj;jpuk; $ba ed;dhspy;
Rfkhf <d;W vLj;jhs;. (,tUila jpUtttjhuk; kzthskhKdpfs;
gukgjk; mile;J $khh; 9 tUlj;jpw;F gpwF MFk;).
mf;Foe;ijapd; NjN[h&g FzNr\;bjq;fisf; fz;l kiw
thzh;fs; mtidj; jpUtde;jho;thd; mk;rkhf mWjpapl;ldh;.
mf;Foe;ijf;F ,uhkhE[d; vd;W jpUehkk; rhw;wpdh;.

tsh;gpiw re;jpud; Nghy; tsh;e;J te;j me;j ghyDf;Fj; je;ijahh;

jf;f fhyq;fspy; [hjfh;kk;, md;dg;gpuhrdk;, nrssk; Mfpa
rlq;Ffisr; nra;J itj;jhh;.
cgeadk; nra;tpj;jy;
VohtJ tajpy; jpUkiyapy; cgeaej;ij nra;tpg;gjhff;
nfhz;lida;aq;fhh; KbT nra;jhh;. mtUila gpuahzj;jpw;F
Kd;dhs; ,utpy; re;epjp ghpfuj;jhh; fdtpYk;, mj;jq;fp Vl;�h;
rpq;fuhrhhpah; (,thpd; Mrhh;ah;) fdtpYk; jpUNtq;flKilahd;
Njhd;wp ek; Foe;ij ehisf;F re;epjpf;F tUfpd;whd;. mtDf;Fg;
ngUk; rpwg;Gld; cgeaej;ij elj;jp itAq;Nfhs;. rpq;fuhrhhpaNu! ePh;
mtDf;Fg; gQ;r rk;];fhuq;fisr; nra;J, tpj;ijAk;
mjpfhpg;gpj;JitAk; vd;W epakpj;jUspdhd;. mth;fs; jhk; fz;l
fdit tpae;J, Gfo;e;J, Mde;jj;Jld; mg;ghyfdpd; tuit
vjph;ghh;j;jpUe;jdh;. rpy ehopiffs; fope;jd. nfhz;lidaq;fhUk;,
nrq;fkyty;ypahUk; re;epjpia Nehf;fp te;J nfhz;bUe;jdh;.

xU ,s QhapW fhy;nfhz;L ele;jhh; Nghy, mth;fs; ,ilNa

ele;JtUk; ,uhkhE[iu re;epjp ghpfuj;jhh; fz;ldh;. nghypf nghypf
nghypf vd;W kq;fshrh]ek; nra;J, fypAk; nfLk; vd;W Nghw;wpg;
Gfo;e;J mlq;fh kfpo;r;rpAld; mth;fisj; jf;f khpaijfSld; tu
Ntw;wdh;. jpUNtq;flKilahd; Nritiar; nra;tpj;J mth;fSf;F
jPh;j;j gpurhjq;fSk; toq;fp vk;ngUkhd; epakdj;ijAk; mwptj;J
mth;fSld; $bapUe;J Fsph;e;jdh;.
ey;y K$h;j;jj;jpy; cgeaek; ngUQ;rpwg;ghf ele;NjwpaJ. Nfhapy;
midj;Jf; nfhj;jpdUk; ,uhkhE[iu rpq;fuhrhhpah; (Mrhhpad;)
jpUkhspiff;F rfy thpirfSlDk; kq;fsthj;jpaq;fSlDk;
mioj;Jf;nfhz;L Ngha;tpl;L, jha; je;ijaUf;Fk; tpil nfhLj;J
mDg;gp itj;jdh;.
,uhkhE[h; rpq;fuhr;rhhpah; jpUtbfspy; Mr;uapj;jy;

rpq;fuhr;rhhpUk; gjpt;uijfSf;Fg; gpujhdkhd khq;fy;a #j;jpuk;Nghy;,

Nkhl;rj;jpNy ,r;;irAilth;fSf;Fg; gpujhdkhd gQ;r
]k;];fhuq;fis ,uhkhE[Uf;Fr; nra;J itj;J tpj;ijAk; Nghjpj;J
te;jdh;. ,uhkhE[h; rhe;jPgdp Kdthplk; xjpa fz;zgpuhidg; Nghy
nrhw;g fhyj;Js; rfy Ntj rh];jpu ,jpfhrGuhz jh;f;f
kPkhk;rhjpfisAk; Xjp czh;e;J ty;ytuhdhh;.
,uhkhE[h; yr\;kzhhpah; vd;Dk; jpUehkk; ngWjy; kw;Wk; jhk; xU
mtjhu GU\h; vd;W Mrhh;aDf;F czh;j;Jjy;
g;u`;k ]{j;uj;jpw;F vk;ngUkhdhh; nra;jUspa =gh\;aj;jpd;
tpsf;fkhd RUjg;gpufhrpifia rpq;fuhrhhpah; ,uhkhE[Uf;F mUspr;
nra;J te;jhh;. xU ehs; eLg;gfypy; #hpa ntg;gj;jpdhy; rpukKw;w
,uhkhE[h;, rpq;fuhrhhpah; (Mrhhpad;) jpUkhspiff;F mLj;j tPl;bd;
,ilfopapy; mah;e;J cwq;fpdhh;. goikapdhy; gOjhapUe;j me;j
tPl;L;f; $iwapd; ,Lf;F topahf te;j #hpa fpuzq;fs; mtUila
Kfj;jpy; jhf;fpf; nfhz;L ,Ue;jd. mf;fpuzq;fis xU ghk;G jd;
glj;jpdhy; jLj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.

gpw;gfy;, neL NeukhfpAk; ,uhkhE[h; fhyNr\gj;jpw;F thuhikahy;,

Mrhhpah; jkJ rPlh;fisf; nfhz;L mtiuj; Njlr; nra;jhh;.
Njlr;nrd;w rPlh;fs; ,uhkhE[Uila epyikiaf;fz;L mr;rKk;
mjpraKk; cw;W, tpiue;Njhbr; nrd;W jhk; fz;l Mr;rh;aj;ij
MrhahpUf;F mwptpj;jdh;. mtUk; Nehpy; nrd;W ghh;j;J tpag;Gw;whh;.
,uhkhE[Uila cwf;fj;ij fiyf;fhky; jpUg;gpdhh;.

rpwpJ Neuk; nrd;w gpd; cwf;fk; njspe;j ,uhkhE[h;,

fhyNr\gj;jpw;F fhyk; jho;e;jJ fz;L nehe;J nfhz;L, jkJ
Mrhh;ah; jpUtbfspy; nrd;W gzpe;J jk;ik kd;dpf;Fk;gb
Ntz;bf;nfhz;lhh;. rpq;fuhrhhpaUk; Ngh; Mde;jj;Jld; mtiu thhp
midj;J ek; y\;kzhhpaNuh ePh;! vd;W gzpj;jhh;. md;wpypUe;J
,uhkhE[Uf;F y\;kzhhpah; vd;fpd;w jpUehkk; toq;fg;ngw;wJ.

gpd;dh;, y\;kzhhpah; Mo;thh;fs; mUspr;nray;fisAk;,

G+Uthrhhpah;fs; mUspa ,ufrpa f;ue;jq;fisAk;, mtw;wpd;
tpahf;ahdq;fSld; Iae;jphpgw, kpff;FWfpa fhyj;Js; Xjp
czh;e;jhh;. taJk; 23 epuk;gg;ngw;whh;.
rpq;fuhrhhpah; y\;kzhhhpaiu xU mtjhuh GU\uhf kjpj;jy;

y\;kzhhhpaUila mwpT Mw;wiyAk;, fy;tpj; jpwj;ijAk;,

rhe;jkhd Fzg;ngUf;fpizAk; fz;l rpq;fuhrhhpah; mtiu xU
mtjhu GU\uhfTk;, vjpuh[Uila mk;rG+juhfTk; kjpj;Jj; jkJ
jpUkhspifapy; ,dp mth; trpj;jy; rhp md;W vd mwpjpapl;L,
jpUNtq;flKilahd; re;epjpapy; vOe;jUsr; nra;J itj;jhh;.
y\;kzhhhpah; jpUNtq;flKilahDf;F G+\;g ifq;fh;ak; nra;jy;
y\;kzhhhpaUk; vk;ngUkhd; nghd;kiy Nky; VNjDk; MNtNd vd;W
FyNrfuho;thh; ngUkhs; jpUnkhopapy; (4 gj;J 10Mk; ghRuk;)
mUspagb jpUkiyapy; jhk; nra;aj;jf;f ifq;fhpak; ahnjd;W
rpe;jpj;J, G\;g ifq;fh;ak; nra;tNj rpwe;jJ vdj; njspe;J,
re;epjpf;F mUfpy; Xh; ,lj;jpy; mofpa ee;jtdk; xd;iw mikj;Jg;
G+j;njhz;L nra;J nfhz;Lk;, mg;gid kq;fshrhrek; nra;J
nfhz;Lk; tho;e;J te;jhh;.
[Pah; vd;Dk; jpUehkk; ngWjy; - nghpa [Pah; gl;lj;ij myq;fhpj;jy;

,t;tz;zk; 3 Mz;Lfs; fope;jd. xU ehs; jpBnud jpUNtq;fl

Kilahd; re;epjp =fhhpaj; Jue;juuha; vOe;jUspapUe;j =kj;
Nfs;tpag;gd; nghpa [Pah; jpUehL myq;fhpj;jdh;. re;epjp ghpfuj;jhh;
,e;j gPlj;jpw;F ahiu epakpj;jy; vd;gJ mwpahky; mg;gd;
jpUtbfspy; tpz;zg;gpj;Jf; nfhz;ldh;. jpUNtq;flj;J mg;gDk;
mh;r;rfKNfd ekf;F me;juq;fuhd y\;kzhhpaiu re;a]pf;fr; nra;J
nghpa [Pah; gPlj;ij myq;fhpf;fr; nra;aTk; vd;W epakpj;J
mUspdhd;. re;epjp ghpfuj;jhUk; kpftpae;J, nfhz;lhb, gfthd;
epakdj;ij yr\;kzhhpUf;F mwptpj;jdh;. mtUk; cte;J vk;khdh!
vd;Fynja;tNk! vd;Dil ehafNd! epd;DNsdha;g; ngw;w ed;ik
,t;Tyfpdpy; ahh; ngWthh;! vd;W Ntq;flj;jz;zy; jpUtUisAk;,
md;igAk;,; mgpkhdj;ijAk; gyfhYk; Gfo;e;J nfhz;lhb, clNd
re;arpj;Jj; j;hpjz;l fh\hahjpfis mzpe;J nfhz;lhh;. re;epjp
ghpfuj;jhh; rfy khpahijfSld; mtiur; re;epf;F vOe;jUspr;
nra;jdh;.
mq;F mtUk; mg;gidf; fz;fshur; Nrtpj;J Kw;wg;gUfp
kq;fshrhrdk; nra;jhh;. mg;gdk; mtiu Fspu Nehf;fp jdJ
Nrhjptha; jpwe;J thhPh; [PaNu! vd;W mioj;J jPh;j;jk;, jpUkhiy,
jpUg;ghpal;lk;, =rlNfhgidAk; rhjpj;Jr; nrq;Nfhy; Kj;jpiuiaAk;
mth; ifapy; xg;Gtpj;jhd;. md;W Kjy; y\;kzhhhpaUf;F [Pah;
vd;fpw jpUehkk; toq;fg;ngw;wJ.

[PaUk; nghpa Nfs;tp [Pah; gPlj;ij myq;fhpj;Jf;nfhz;L;, re;epjp

=;fhhpaq;fis Fiwaw tprhhpj;J eph;tfpj;J te;jhh;. ,tUila
fy;ahz Fzq;fis Nfs;tpg;gl;L mNdfh; rp\;ah; Mdhh;fs;.
re;jpufphp kd;dd; ntq;flgjp ehaf;fh; [Paiu Mr;uapj;jy;

[PaUila gpughq;fisf;Nfs;tpAw;W, re;jpufphp efiu Mz;L te;j

ntq;flgjp ehaf;fh; jpUkiyf;F te;J jd;id Ml;nfhs;Sk;gb mth;
jpUtbfspy; gzpe;jhd;. [PaUk; cfe;J mk;kd;dDf;F gQ;r
rk;];fhuq;fs; nra;J mbik nfhz;lhh;. mtDk; ];thkpiag;
gpwpe;jpUf;f ,ayhjtdha; mbf;fb mtiu te;J Nrtpg;gJk;;, rpy
ehl;fs; mth; jpUtbthuj;jpy; jq;fpapUe;J fhyNr\gq;fs; Nfl;gJk;;,
mtUila tpUg;gq;fis vy;yhk; epiwNtw;wpAk; te;jhd;.
jpUkiyag;gd; [PaUf;Fk; re;jpufphp kd;dDf;Fk; nrhg;gdk; rhjpj;jy;

xU ehs; ,uT jpUNtq;flKilahd; [Pah; fdtpy; Njhd;wp,

mtUila mtjhuj;jpd; gpuNah[ej;ijAk;,; Nrhodhy;
Mf;fukpf;fg;gl;Ls;s jpt;a Njrq;fisAk;;, mtw;wpd;
GeUj;jhuzj;jpd; nghUl;L mth; nra;a Ntz;lbatw;iwAk; jpUtha;
kyh;e;J mUspdhd;.

mNj ,utpy;, re;jpufphp kd;ddhd ntq;flgjp ehaf;fh; fdtpYk;

vk;ngUkhd; Njhd;wp mtd; [PaUf;F nra;aNtz;ba rfhaq;fisAk;
fl;lisapl;L itj;jdd;.
[Pah; jpUf;NfhtY}Uf;F vOe;jUStjw;fhd Vw;ghLfs; nra;jy;

[Pah; fdtpy; fz;l tph;j;jhe;jq;fis jk; rPlh;fSf;F $wp, mjid

ntq;flgjp kd;dDf;F mwptpj;J tUk;gb mth;fSs; rpyiu clNd
mDg;gp itj;jhh;.
mNj rkaj;jpy; re;jpufphp kd;dd; jpUNtq;flKilahd; jdf;F
rhjpj;j nrhg;gdj;ij epide;J mjpraKw;W, clNd jdJ
ghpthuj;Jld; [PaUf;F mjid tpz;zg;gpf;f gpuahzk; Mdhd;.

kd;dd; topapilapy; [PaUila rPlh;fis re;jpj;J, nra;jpia

mwpe;J, Nguhde;j ngUq;flYs; mOe;jpdhd;. ,Ujpwj;jtUk;
Nrh;eJ
; [Pah; klj;ij ntF tpiutpy; mile;jdh;.
[Pah; jpUj;jhs;fspy; murd; tpOtJk; vOtJkha;, re;Njh\g;
ngUf;fpdhy; xd;Wk; nrhy;yKbahky; epd;wdd;. [PaUk; mtidf;
Fspuf; flhr\pj;Jj; jhk; jpt;aNjrg; GeUj;jhzuj;jpd; nghUl;L
Gwg;gl Ntz;bAs;sijj; njhptpj;jhh;. kd;dDk; ];thkpf;Fj; jz;bif
Kjyhd rfy cgfuzq;fSk; Ntz;ba ghpthuq;fSk; nfhLj;Jg;
gpuahzg;gLj;jp mDg;gp itj;jhd;.

me;j rkaj;jpy; jpUf;NfhtY}udJ nrQ;rpia Mz;L te;j Jthy;

fpU\;zg;g ehaf;fUila mjpfhuj;jpw;F cl;gl;L ,Ue;jJ. mjdhy;
ntq;flgjp kd;dd; me;j nrQ;rp murDf;Fk;;, kw;Wk; cs;s
mjpfhhpfSf;Fk; [Pahpd; gpuahz tptuq;fis vOjp mtUf;F
Ntz;ba tw;iw mUfpypUe;J nra;J itf;FkhW njhptpj;J
itj;jhd;.
[Pah; jpUkiyapypUe;J tpilngw;Wf; nfhz;L jpUf;NfhtY}Uf;F
vOe;jUSjy;
jpUkiyag;gd; re;jd ujj;ij nfhLj;J ek;kho;thhplk; rkh;g;gpf;fr;
nrhy;Yjy;

[Pah; ];thkp, jpUkiy mg;gd; re;epjp ghpfuj;jhh; midtiuAk;

$l;b, mth;fSf;F mg;gd; epakdj;ijAk;,; jkJ gpuhazj;ijAk;
tptukhfj; njUtpj;J, jpUNtq;flj;jhDf;F jpUthuhjdj;ijAk;;,
tpohf;fisAk; Fiwaw ngUf;f elj;jp tUk;gb epakpj;jhh;.

mg;gid kq;fshrh]ek; nra;J, jPh;j;jg; gpurhjq;fisg; ngw;Wj;

jpUKd;Ng if$g;gp epd;wdh;. mg;gDk; mtiuf; Fspu Nehf;fp [PaNu
Rfkhfg; Ngha;thUk; vd;W tpil nfhLj;J, re;jd ujk; xd;iw
mthplk; xg;gilj;J jpUf;FU$hpy; ek; rlNfhgDf;F ,ijr;
rkh;g;gpAk; vd;W gzpj;jUspdhd;.
[Pah; gy jpt;aNjrq;fspy; nra;j ifq;fh;aq;fis fPNo
mDgtpg;Nghk;.
1) [Pah; jpUf;NfhtY}iu GeUj;jhuzk; nra;jy;
17 Mz;Lfs; jpUkiyapy; =kj; Nfs;tpag;gd; nghpa [Pah; klj;ij
myq;fhpj;;J, vk;ngUkhd; epkdg;gbNa jkJ 47tJ tajpy; re;jd
ujj;ij vOe;jUsg; gz;zpf; nfhz;L, rfy ghpthuq;fSk; Gil#oj;
jpt;aNjrg; GeUj;jhuzj;jpw;fhfg; Gwg;gl;lhh;.

Kjd;Kjyhf jpUf;NfhtY}hpd; epkpj;jkhfr; nrQ;rp kd;dd; Jthy;

fpU\;zg;gehafh; rk];jhdj;ij ehbr;nrd;whh;.

re;jpufphp murd; mDg;gpa fbjj;jpdhy; [Pahpd; tuit mwpe;J

fhj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;j nrQ;rp Nte;jd;,; Rthkpiaj; jf;f
khpahijfSld; vjphpy; nrd;W tuNtw;W cgrhpj;jhd;.
[PaUk; jpUf;NfhtY}h; Madhh; re;epjpapd; tptuj;ij mk;kd;dDf;Fj;
njspTngw vLj;Jf;$wp, mj;jyj;ij jk;kplk; xg;Gtpf;Fk;gb
gzpj;jhh;. mtDk; kWkhw;wk; xd;Wk; nrhy;y ,ahyhjtdha;,;
[PaUld; jpUf;NfhtY}h; te;J Nrh;e;jdd;.

irth;fspd; vjph;g;G
Jthy; fpU\;zg;g ehaf;fh; tutpd; tptuj;ij mwpe;j mj;jyj;Jr;
irth;fs;, jq;fs; top ghl;by; te;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; me;j re;epjp
itztj;jykd;W vdg;gykhf kWj;Jk; mjid tplf;$lhnjd
murid eph;g;ge;jpj;jdh;. [Paiu vjph;j;J thjpl;ldh;. murDk; xd;Wk;
Njhd;wg; ngwhjtdha;f; fyq;fp [Paiug; gzpe;J, Rthkp!
rptr;rpd;dq;fs; gytw;why; #o;e;J tpsq;Fk; ,e;jf; Nfhtpypy;
tp\;Zr;rpd;dq;fs; xd;Wk; fhzg;gl tpy;iyNa. NjthPUila
tpUg;gj;ij mbNad; vq;qdk; epiwNtw;w ,aYk;? vd;W jOjOj;j
Fuypy; tpz;zg;gpj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;.

[PaUk; Mo;thh; mUspr; nray;fisAk;, Guhz tuyhWfisAk;;,

kw;Wk; gy tpUj;jhe;jq;fisAk; vLj;Jf; $wp njspit Cl;bdhh;.
Mdhy; irth;fs; ,jid Xg;Gf;nfhs;stpy;iy. kd;ddplk; irth;fs;
gpuj;jpar\khfj; jhq;fs; fz;L te;jJk;;, fz;L tUtJNk vq;fs;
gr\j;jpw;F mirf;fKbahj mj;jhr;rpad;Nwh? ,J rptj;jye;jhd;
vd;gjpy; jhq;fs; IAw Ntz;lhk; vd;W kd;whbdh;.
kd;dd; mth;fis Nehf;fp ePq;fs; nrhy;tJk; cz;ikNa. MapDk;
cq;fs; gr\j;ijf; nfhz;L ,g;nghpahh; $w;wpid kWj;jw;fpy;NyNa.
Mo;thh; kq;fshrhrej;jpw;Fw;wjhd tp\;Zj; jyk; NtW xd;Wk; <z;L
fhzg;gltpy;iyNa. ,Ue;J fhyg;Nghf;fpy; mope;J tpl;lJ vd;W
Nfs;tpAw;wJk; ,y;iyNa. ,Ue;jJ cz;lhapd; nrhy;ypf; fhZq;fs;
vd;whd;.
irth;fs; [Paiu Rz;zhk;Gf; fhsthapd; ,il ,Ue;J jk; g\j;ij
epWgpf;fr; nra;jy;
kd;ddpd; kNdh epiyia mwpe;j irth;fs; ,dp mtd; topr;
nry;tnjhopa NtW xd;Wk; nra;tjw;fpy;iy vd;W jPh;khdpj;J,
tQ;rfKiwapy; [Paiu Kbj;Jtpl KbT nra;jdh;.
murid Nehf;fp jiyth! jhq;fs; gfh;tJk; rhpNa. MapDk; vq;fs;
,Ujpwj;Njhhpd; thjpy; cs;s cz;ikapid Xh; mUQ;nray; %ykhf
epiy epWj;JtNj rhyr; rpwe;jjhFk;. ehq;fs; fz; $lhd
rhr\piaf;fhl;b thjpf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,e;j [Pah; E}y; msitf;nfhz;L
thjpf;fpwhh;. Mjypd; ,tNu jkJ thjj;jpd; cz;ikia mUQ;nray;
%yk; epiy epUj;j Ntz;bath;. vdNt, ,th; jP Kl;ba Rz;zhk;Gf;
fhsthapd; ,il ,Ue;J jkJ gr\j;ij cwpjpg;gLj;J thuhapd;
ehq;fs; ,irfpNwhk;. ,jdhy; cyNfhh; gopJ}w;WjYk; jq;fSf;F
NeuhJ vd;wdh;.
,ijf; Nfl;l kd;dd; kdk; Kile;J xd;Wk; nrhy;y ,ayhjtdha;
jaq;fp epd;whd;.
,ijf;fz;l [Pah; kd;did mwnkhopfshy; Njw;wp muNr! mQ;r
Ntz;lhk;. vk;ngUkhd; jpUtUs; Kd;dpw;Fk;. ehd; ,th;fs;
tpUg;gg;gbNa nra;fpd;Nwd;. Mdhy; ,th;fs; ehd; nrhy;Yk;
epge;jidf;F cl;glNtz;Lk;. mjhtJ ahd; ntw;wp ngw;why; ,th;fs;
mj;jidNgUk; =it\;zth;fs; Mf Ntz;Lk; vd;whh;. [Pah;
fhsthapd; nte;jPahy; khz;L tpLthh; vd;w jpl ek;gpf;iff; nfhz;l
irth;fs; mt;thNu jhq;fs; cld; gLtjhf kd;ddplk; thf;Fwpjp
mspj;jdh;.
[Pah; ntw;wp ngWjy;
[PaUk; jhkjkpd;wpr; Rz;zhk;Gf; fhstha; mikf;fr; nra;Ak;gb
muridf; Nfhhpdhh;. murd; mt;tz;zNk Vt, clNd Rz;zhk;G
fhstha; xd;W mikj;J mjpy; gLf;Fk;gb [Paiuf; Nfhhpdh;. jq;fs;
#o;r;rp gypj;Jtpl;lJ vd;W irthjpfs; cs;sk; G+hpj;Jj; jq;fs;
fspg;ig ntspf;fhl;lhky; ,Ue;jdh;.
[Pah; ngUkhDk; Fsph; mUtp Ntq;flf;Nfhd; jpU Midiar; rpe;ij
nra;J ,ilfop ve;ijad; ,d;dUNs muzhff; nfhz;L, mq;fUk;gpf;
fz;zPh; Nrhh;e;J md;G $Wk; mbath;fl;F MuKjkhdtNd!
J}tbtpd; ghh;kfs; G+kq;ifNahL Rluhop rq;F ,Ughy; nghype;J
Njhd;w fhtbtpd; fw;gfNk Nghy epd;W fye;jth;fl;F mUs;GhpAk;
fUj;jpdhNd! rpNuW kiwahsh; epiwe;j nry;tj; jpUf;NfhtY}h;
mjDs; cd;idf; fz;blf;$Lk; ehs; ,d;W nfhy;! ,d;W nfhy;!
gpd;id vd;W nfhy;? vd;W Madhh; jpUtbfspy; tpz;zg;gpj;Jf;
nfhz;Nl mf;fhsthapd; ,ilNa rha;e;jUsdhh;. #o;r;rpahsh;fs; jP
%l;bdh;. fhstha; nre;jOYk; nte;jOYk; nfhz;L, Gwnkq;Fk;
fLq;fdy; gwtp nfhOe;J tpl;L Xq;fp vhpaYw;wJ.

Madhh; jpUtUshy; fhsthapd; nte;jP, [Pah; ngUkhDf;Fr; rpW

ntg;gKk; jutpy;iy. nky;ypa G+q;fhw;wpdpil G+k;gLf;ifapy; ,Ue;J
vOtJ Nghy; jpUNkdp Nfhykopahky;, thlhky;, mg;nghONj G+j;j
nre;jhiu xj;j jpUKfk; nrt;tpAw;W xspu, nre;Jtuhil kpd;d
vOe;J Madhh; vOe;jUspAs;s jpf;FNehf;fp ,Ufuq;fisAk; $g;gpj;
njhOj tz;zk; fhstha; vhpe;J jzpAk; tiuapy; epd;W
nfhz;bUe;jhh;.
[PaUf;F vd;d tpisANkh vd;W tapW gpire;jtdha; thl;lKw;W
epd;wpUe;j kd;dd; ,e;j mw;Gjf;fhl;rpiaf; fz;L tpae;J kfpo;e;J
gyKiwAk; njhOtd; Mdhhd;.

xope;jhh; [Pah; vd;W cs;sk; fspj;J epd;w tQ;rf thjpfs; cly;

eLq;fp, cs;sk; eLq;fp, vz;zk; ,oe;J epd;wdh;. gpd;dh;, kd;dd;
Ntz;l [Pah; ngUkhd; fhsthapypUe;J ntspNawp, eLq;fp epd;w
irth;fSf;F MWjy; mspj;J, mth;fNshL muridAk; NfhapYf;Fs;
mioj;Jr; nrd;whh;. (NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l epfo;r;rp Nghd;w xd;W
vk;ngUkhdhh; fhyj;jpy;; =$h;kk; vd;w jpt;a Njrj;jpy; ele;jJ.
mq;F vk;ngUkhdhh; irth;fis tpul;L ek; =it\;ztj;ij epiy
ehl;bdhh;. me;j epfo;r;rpia ,q;Nf ekf;F epidf;fj; Njhd;WfpwJ)
Madhh; fhl;rp jUjy;
mth;fisf; fh;g;g kz;lgj;J thapiy %bapUe;j fy;jpiuapd; Kd;
epWj;jp, me;jr; Rtw;wpy; [Pah; jkJ Kf;Nfhyhy; (j;Ujz;lj;jhy;) Xh;
msT fhz;gpj;Jj; jpwf;Fk;gb gzpj;jhh;. kd;dDk; mq;qdNk
nra;tpj;jdd;. ePs;ths; FwSUtha; epd;wpue;J khtyp kz; xq;fp
mse;j cj;jkd; fhl;rpaspj;jij kd;dDk; kw;wtUk; fz;ldh;,
jpLf;fpl;ldh;. [Pah; ngUkhdpd; mUs; rf;jpiag; Gfo;e;J
nfhz;lhbdhh;fs;. mtiug;gyfhYk; tyk; te;J Vj;jpj;njhOjdh;.

Madhh; Nritiaf; fz;l [Pah; Nguhde;jg; ngUq;flYs; Mo;e;J,

jk;ik kwe;J, gpd;G njspe;J, md;wpt; Tyfk; mse;jha; mbNghw;wp
(jpUg;ghit 24Mk; ghRuk;) vd;W kq;fshrhdk; nra;J, kQ;rhL
tiuNaOk; fly;fNsOk; (nghpajpUnkhop 2-10-1) vd;Dk; ghRuj;ij
mEre;jpj;J njhOJ Vj;jp epd;whh;.

Gy;iyf;fhl;b ee;jpiaf; fPioA+h;f;F nfhz;L tpLjy;

jpUf;NfhtY}h; Nfhapypy; cs;Sk; GwKk; mikf;fg;gl;L ,Ue;j
rptr;rpd;dq;fs; midj;ijAk; muridf;nfhz;L, fPioA+h; rptd;
Nfhapypy; Nrh;f;fr; nra;jdh;. ee;jp khj;jpuk; vt;tifahYk; mfw;w
Kbahjjha; ,Ue;jJ. mjidj; jhNk Gy;iyf;fhl;bj; je;jpukhf
mioj;Jr; nrd;W me;jf; Nfhapypy; epiyf;f itj;jhh;. mJ Kjy;
[PaUf;Fg; Gy;iyf;fhl;b ee;jpia fPioA+h; tpLj;jth; vd;Dk;
jpUehkk; toq;fg; ngw;wJ.

[Pah; vy;iy epge;jid nra;tpj;jy;

[Pah; nrQ;rp kd;ddplk; ,dp ,j;jifa Mf;ukpg;Gf;F ,lk; Neuhj
tz;zk; Madhh; jpUj;jyj;jpw;F Xh; vy;iy Fwpg;gpl;L me;j
vy;iyf;Fs; irth;fs; FbapUf;ff; $lhJ vd;Dk; fl;lisapl;L
itj;jy; ey;yJ vdg;gdpj;jUs kd;dDk; ,jw;F ,ire;jdd;. ,e;j
epge;jidf;F ,ira kdkpy;yhj rpyirth;fs; mg;nghOJk; xU
#o;r;rp nra;aYw;wdh;. kd;ddplk; Nte;Nj! ,e;j epge;jid
Vw;ff;$bajhf ,y;iy. jq;fs; MidiaAk; kWg;gjw;Fk; ,y;iy.
vq;fs; Nfhhpf;if xd;iw Vw;W mUs;f. xUtd; jiyapy; neUg;Gf;
fufk; itj;J tapw;wpy; #yj;ijf; Fj;jp vy;iy Xl tpl Ntz;Lk;.
,t;tz;zk; mikf;f gLk; vy;iyNa gr\ghjk; mw;wjhFk; vd;W
$wpdh;. kd;dDk; [Pah; ngUkhdpd; mEkjp nfhz;L rk;kjpj;jhd;.
vdpDk; mth;fs; xUtUk; me;jr; nraYf;Fk; cld;gl;L
Kd;tutpy;iy.

mj;jyj;ijr; Nrh;e;j jpUf;Fyj;jbahh; Nrhpapy;, Madhh; jpUtbfspy;

ngUk; gf;jp rPydha; tho;e;j te;j nghpad; vd;w Xh; mbahh; Kd;
te;J cyfq;fis vy;iy ele;J jd;dJ vd Vbl;L itj;j vd;
ma;aDf;F ahd; vy;iy ,Lfpd;Nwd; vd;W nrhy;yp, vy;iyapl;L
itj;jhh;. irtf;FWk;gh; Vkhw;wk; mile;jdh;. murDk; me;j
vy;iyf;Fs; irth;fs; xUtUk; FbapUf;;$lhJ vd;W Midapl;L
itj;jhd;.
nrQ;rp kd;dDk; irtthjpfSk; [Pahpf;F rPlh; MFjy;
[Pah; ngUkhDila mw;Gjkhd itgtj;ijf; fz;$lhff; fz;l
nrQ;rp kd;ddhd Jthy; fpU\;zg;g ehaf;fd; [Pah; jPtbfis
Mr;uapj;J mtUf;Fr; rPld; Mdhd;. [PaUf;Ff; nfhLj;jpUe;j
thf;Fwpjpg;gb thjpl;l irth;fisAk; mtUf;Fr; rPluhf;fp itj;jdd;.
itzth; Mtjw;F Jzpahj irth;fs; ngUk; ghNyhh;
mj;jyj;ijtpl;L ntspNawp gy tplq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W tpl;ldh;.
mth;fs; xt;nthUth; fdtpYk; [Pah; vOe;jUsp, mth;fSf;Fg; gQ;r
rk;];fhuq;fis nra;J itj;J Ml;nfhz;lhh;.
vk;ngUkhdhh; [Pah; vd;Dk; jpUehkk; ngWjy;
[Pah; fpU\;zg;g ehaf;fhpd; cjtpiaf;nfhz;L Madhh; re;epjpf;F
Ntz;ba jpUg;gzpfis Kbj;J itj;jhh;. MadhUf;F epj;jpa
ifq;fh;aq;fSk; jpUtpohf;fs; KjyhditfSk; ngUk; rpwg;ghf
ele;J tUiff;F Mtdtw;iw epakpj;J itj;jhh;.

Madhiuj; jpUtb njhOJ kq;fshrhrdk; nra;J tUifapy;,

vk;ngUkhd; kpf;f kfpo;r;rpAld; [Paiuf; Fspu flhr\pj;J thhPh;
vk;ngUkhdhNu? vd;W mioj;jUspdd;. mJ Kjy; [Pah;
vk;ngUkhdhh; [Pah; vd;W miof;fg;ngw;whh;.
2) [Pah; =K\;zj;ij GeUj;jhuzk; nra;jy;
Madhh; [PaUf;F rfy kq;fsq;fSk; fz;lUSk;gb nra;J itj;jhh;.
[Pah; 3 tUlfhyk; jpUf;NfhtY}hpy; ,Ue;J ifq;fh;aq;fs; nra;J
te;jhh;. gpwF re;epjp eph;thfj;ij neUq;fp epd;W ftdpf;Fk;gb nrQ;rp
kd;dDf;F epakpj;J mUsp, Madhhplk; tpilngw;W jkJ Ik;gjhtJ
tajpy;; =K\;zj;jpw;F vOe;jUspdhh;.
=K\;zk; re;epjpia GeUj;jhuzj;ij nra;J itj;J Qhdg;gpuhid
<dr;nrhy;yhapDkhf (jpUtpUj;jk; 99Mk; ghRuk;) vd;Dk; ghRuj;ij
mEre;jpj;J kq;fshrhrek; nra;J tUifapy; G+tuhfg; ngUkhDk;
kpfTk; flhr\pj;jUsp jPh;j;jk;, jpUkhiy, jpUg;ghptl;lk;, =rlNfhgd;
rhjpj;J mtUf;F mj;jyj;jpy; xUklKk;, re;epjpapy; ,uz;lhk;
jPh;j;jKk;, fUT+yj; jpwg;G Kj;jpiufs; Kjyhd Rje;jpuq;fisAk;
toq;fp itj;jhd;.
3) jpUf;fz;zkq;if re;epjpia GeUj;jhuzk; nra;jy;

[Pah; xU tUl fhyk; =K\;zj;jpy; ,Ue;J ifq;fh;aq;fs; nra;J

te;jhh;. gpwF Qhdg;gpuhd; epakdk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;L,
jpUf;fz;zkq;ifr; nrd;W Nrh;e;jhh;. mq;F =gf;j tj;]yd; Myag;
GeUj;jhuz ifq;fh;aq;fisg; G+h;j;jp nra;jhh;. mq;F
Nga;Kiyj;jiy eQ;Rz;l gps;isiaj; njs;spahh; tzq;fg;gLk;
Njtid, khaid kjpy; Nfhty; ,ilfop ike;jid (nghpa jpUnkhop
7-10-4) vd;Dk; ghRuj;ij mEre;jpj;J kq;fshrhrdk;
nra;jUSifapy;, me;jzh; fw;ghfpa mg;gd; cfe;jUsp, [Paiu
tho;jj ; p, mj;jyj;jpy; mth;f;F klKk;, nrq;Nfhy; Kj;jpiuAk;,
fUT+yj; jpwg;G Kjyhd chpikfSk; toq;fp itj;jhd;. ,th; mq;F
xU tUlfhyk; kq;fshrhrek; nra;J nfhz;L ,Ue;jhh;.
4) etjpUg;gjpia GeUj;jhuzk; nra;jy;

gpd;G jpUf;fz;zkq;if vk;ngUkhd; epakdk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L,

Mo;thh; jpUefhpf;F vOe;jUspdhh;. mf;fhyj;jpy; etjpUg;gjp
Nghj;jpkhh;fs; iftrk; ,Ue;J te;jJ. mth;fisr; rh];j;Nuhj;jkhd
topapYk;, jh;kAf;jpahYk;, ey;YiuahYk; njsptpj;J, n[apj;J,
mj;jpUg;gjpfis jk; trkhf;fpdhh; [Pah;. gpd;G GeUj;jhuzk; nra;jhh;.
etjpUg;gjp [PPah; vd;Dk; jpUehkk; ngWjy;
jpUf;FU$hpy; nghype;J epd;w gpuhid kq;fshrhrdk;
nra;jUSifapy; MLGl;nfhb Mjp%h;j;jpAk; [Paiu tpNr\ flhr\k;
nra;jUsp, jPh;j;jk;, jpUkhiy, jpUg;ghpal;lk; , =rlNfhgidAk;
rhjpj;J jd; Nrhjp tha; jpwe;J thhPh; et jpUg;gjp [PaNu! ekJ
re;epjp =fhhpaq;fisf; ftdpj;J elj;Jf;nfhz;L NghUk; vd;w
gzpj;jdd;. [PaUk; je;Nah];kp vd;W Mjpg;gpuhidj; njhOjhh;. md;W
Kjy; [PaUf;F etjpUg;gjp [Pah; vd;Dk; jpUehkk; toq;fshapw;W.
gpwF ek;kho;thiu kq;fshrhrdk; nra;J mtUf;F
jpUNtq;flKilahd; nfhLj;jDg;gpa re;jd ujj;ij rkh;gpj;jhh;.

etjpUg;gjp mjpgjpahd tPuNtq;fl Njtuhad; [Paiu Mr;uapj;jy;

[PaUila itgtq;fisAk;, jpUNkdp nghypitAk;, nysfpf

ty;yikiaAk; Nehpy; fz;L mjprapj;j etjpUg;gjp Njrj;J
mjpgjpahd tPuNtq;fl Njtuhad; vd;Dk; irt murd; ];thkp
jpUtbfspy; Mr;uapj;J rPld; Mdhd;. [PaUf;F klk; xd;W mikj;Jf;
nfhLj;J etjpUg;gjp khpahijfisAk; Vw;gLj;jp itj;jdd;.
[Pah; =itq;Fz;;lj;jpw;F vOe;jUSjy;
ngU kfpo;r;rpAld; [Pah; etjpUg;gjpfisAk; xt;nthd;whfr; nrd;W
kq;fshrh]hrdk; nra;J tUifapy; =itFz;lj;jpy; tpz;Nzhh;
guTk; jiykfdhd =itFz;l ehjd; re;epjpay; vOe;jUspapUf;Fk;
Nrid Kjypahh; Nghu cfe;jUsp thhPh; etjpUg;gjp [PaNu! vd;W
mUsg;ghbl;Lj; jPh;j;j gpurhjq;fis toq;fp, mj;jyj;jpNyNa
epj;jathrk; nra;Ak;gb epakpj;jUspdhh;.
tPuNtq;fl Njtuhad; mt;tplj;jpy; ];thkpf;F xU klk;
mikj;Jf;nfhLj;J, re;epjp khpahijfisAk;, nrq;Nfhy; Kj;jpiu
Kjyhd rfy chpikfisAk;, gy khdpaq;fisAk; toq;fpdhd;.
];thkpAk; kpfTk; rpwg;Gld; 14 tUlfhyk; =itq;Fz;lj;jpy;
vOe;jUspapUe;J, etjpUg;gjp =fhhpaq;fisAk; eph;tfpj;J te;jhh;.
mq;F tho;e;J te;j ngUk;ghyhd kf;fs; ];thkpia Mr;uapj;J
rPlh;fs; Mapdh;.
5) [Pah; jpUtuq;fj;jpw;F vOe;jUSjy;

jkJ ngUk;Gfo; vl;Lj;jpirfSk; Rlh;tpl;Lg; gpufhrpf;f, [Pah;

=itFz;lj;jpy; vOe;jUspapUf;Fk; nra;jpiaf; Nfs;tpAw;W
jpUtuq;fj;jpy; tho;e;J te;j Ntjt;;ahr gl;lh; ngUk; re;Njh\
kile;jhh;. mtiuj; jpUtuq;fj;jpw;F vOe;jUsr; nra;tjw;fhf
=itq;Fz;lj;jpw;Fg; gazk; Nkw;nfhs;;s Vw;ghL nra;J nfhz;L
,Ue;jhh;.
mg;NghJ ek;kho;thh; [Pah; fdtpy; Njhd;wp [PaNu! ePh;
jpUtuq;fj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W mq;F ek; $uj;jho;thd; re;epjpia
gpujp\;il nra;aTk; vd;W epakpj;jhh;. clNd [PaUk; jkJ nrhg;gd
tpUj;jhe;jj;ij tPuNtq;fl NjtuhaDf;F mwptpj;J etjpUg;gjp
ifq;fh;aq;fs; Fiwaw elg;gjw;fhd Vw;ghLfisr; nra;J itj;J
jkJ 66tJ tajpy; jpUtuq;jw;Fg; gpuahzkhdhh;. NjtuhaDk;
[PaUf;Fr; rfhakhf ghpthuq;fis mDg;gp itj;jhd;.

[Pah; tuit mwpe;j Nfhapy; jpUKw;wj;jhUk; , Ntjt;ahr gl;lUk;

jf;f khpahijfSld; mtiu vjph;nrd;W mioj;J mtUf;fhff;
Fwpg;gpl;bUe;j jpUkhspifiapy; vOe;jUsr; nra;J cgrhpj;jdh;.

Ntjt;ahr gl;lUk; Vfhe;jj;jpy;, Nfhapypy; Kf;fpakhf eilngw

Ntz;ba $uj;jho;thd; re;ejp gpujp\;ilf;F Vw;gl;Ls;s vjph;g;G,
ifrpf Guhz gld mUsg;ghLfspd; FiwT, mjpfhu th;f;fj;jhuhy;
Neh;e;Js;s
,Lf;fz;fs; Kjthdtw;iw [Pahplk; ngUk; Jf;fj;Jld;
tpz;zg;gpj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;. [PaUk;, jpUtuq;fd; jpUtUshy;
midj;ijAk; rPh; gLj;JNthk; vdg;gzpj;J, jd;Dila fdtpd;
tuyhw;iwAk; mwptpj;J, mtiuj; Njw;wpj; jk; fhhpa rpj;jpf;F
mE$ykhd rkaj;ij vjph; ghh;j;jpUe;jhh;.
Ntjt;ah] gl;lhpd; tpUg;gj;ij epiwNtw;Wjy;
$uj;jho;thd; re;epjp g;ujp\;ilf;F ,ilA+W nra;jth;fis [Pah;
jpUj;jpg;gzp nfhz;lhh;. mjdhy; jilg;gl;bUe;j $uj;jho;thd;
re;epjpg; g;ujp\;ilAk; ,dpJ eilngw;wJ. gl;lUf;Fr; rh]dKk;
nra;J nfhLj;jhh;. gpd;dh; =ifrpf GUhz gldk;, g;u`;kuj
mUsg;ghLfs; Mfpatw;iwj; jhNk elj;jpf; nfhz;L, g;u`;kujj;jpw;F
jilahf ,Ue;J te;j gpuk;kuhr\ir mlf;fp tpul;bNahl;bdhh;.
gl;lUf;F mjpfhu th;f;fj;jhuhy; Neh;e;jpUe;j ,Lf;fz;fisAk;
eykhf;fpf; nfhLj;jhh;. gl;lUk,; jkJ kzf;Fiwfs; Kw;Wk; xopag;
ngw;W [Pah; jpwj;jpy; kpf;f f;Uj[;Quha; ,Uf;fYw;whh;.
jpUtuq;fj;jpy; [Pah; gy khpahijfs; ngWjy;

jpUtuq;fj;jpy; klKk;, re;epjpapy; jPh;j;j khpahijfs; kw;Wk; gy

chpikfSk; [PaUf;F mjpfhu th;f;fj;jhuhy; fl;lisaplg;gl;ld.

xU tUlfhyk; muq;fefh; mg;gid kq;fshrhrdk; nra;J nfhz;L,

[Pah; jpUtuq;fj;jpy; vOe;jUspapUe;jhh;.

[PaUila itgr;rpwg;gpidf; fz;l Nfhapy; jpUKw;wj;jhUk;, =uq;f

ehuhaz [Pah; Kjyhd Mrhhpa GU\h;fSk;, ek;ngUkhs; re;epjp
nghpa kz;lgj;jpy; xd;W $b, gl;lUf;F mgpkhdj; jykhfpa
jpUf;NfhtY}h; Madhh; re;ejp =fhhpa Jue;juj;tk; [PaUf;Nf jhd;
,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vdj; jPh;khdj;Jj; jq;fs; tpUg;gj;ij [PaUf;F
mwptpj;Jr; rk;kjpf;fr; nra;jdh;.

me;j re;ejpapy; Kjy; jPh;j;jk;, ifrpfGuhz g;u`;kuj mUsg;ghL

Kjypa rfy chpikfSk; jpUtuq;fj;jpYk; kw;w jpt;aNjrq;fspYk;
Mrhhpa GU\h;fSf;F ele;Njwp tUtijg; Nghd;W mUsg;ghL
khpahijfSk; ele;J tuNtz;Lk; vd;Wk; mjpfhu th;f;fk; ,tw;iw
ftdpj;J tuNtz;Lk; vd;Wk; [PaUf;Fg; gl;lak; gz;zpf;
nfhLj;jhh;fs;. ,j;jifa thpirfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;L ngUk;
rpwg;Gld; jkJ 67Mk; tajpy; jpUf;NfhtY}Uf;F kPz;Lk;
vOe;jUspdhh;.
[Pah; kPz;Lk; jpUf;NfhtY}Uf;F vOe;jUSjy;
vk;ngUkhdhh; [Pahpd; tuit mwpe;j nrQ;rp kd;dd; J}thy;
fpU\;zg;g ehaf;fUk; , re;jpufphp kd;dd; ntq;flgjp ehaf;fUk;
jpUf;NfhtY}Uf;F tpiue;J te;J [Paiu gzpe;jdh;. Mde;jg;
ngUf;fpdhy; fz;fspy; ePh; ngUf epd;wdh;. Rthkp mth;fis ey;yhrp
$wp tho;j;jp, mth;fSf;F ele;j tpUj;jhe;jq;fs; midj;ijAk;
tptukhf; $wpdhh;. kd;dh; ,UtUk; kfpo; nta;jp, Rthkpapd;
itgj;ijg; gyfhYk; Nghw;wp Gfe;J nfhz;lhbdh;.
[PaUf;Fj; jpUf;NfhtY}hpy; klk; xd;W mikj;J itj;jdh;. Madhh;
re;epjpapy; gy kz;lgq;fs; fl;b itj;jdh;. klj;Jf;Fk;, re;ejpf;Fk;
epj;jpa Muhjidf;Fk; , cw;rthjpfSf;Fk; Ntz;ba khdpaq;fs;
vOjp itj;jdh;. ,tw;iwr; nra;J Kbj;J, [Pahpd; NgUTg;Gf;F
,yf;fhfpg; ghf;fpa rhypfsha;, mth; epakdk; ngw;Wj; jj;jk; efuk;
Nrh;e;jdh;.
[Pah; jpUf;NfhtY}h; re;epjp eph;thfq;fisf; ftdpj;jy;

[PaUk;, jhk; GeUj;jhuzk; nra;Jitj;J te;j jpt;a Njrq;fspd;

=fhhpaq;fis tprhhpj;Jf;nfhz;Lk;, Madhh; re;ejp =fhhpaq;fis
Neuhf elj;jpf; nfhz;Lk;, re;ejp rfy khpahijfSld; Madhiu
kq;fshrh]ek; nra;J nfhz;L, klj;jpy; vz;zpwe;j rk;gj;Jld;
vOe;jUsp ,Ue;jhh;.
[Pah; jpUehL myq;fhpj;jy;

gpwF, jkJ jpUtbfspy; njhz;L nra;J te;j rp\;ah;fSs; rpwe;J

tpsq;fpa jpUkiy ek;gp vd;gtiu re;a]pf;fr; nra;J jphpjz;l,
fh\hahjpfisf; nfhLj;J jpUkiy ek;gp vk;ngUkhdhh; [Pah; vd;fpw
jpUehkj;ijr; rhh;j;jp jkJ gPlj;ij myq;fhpf;fr;nra;jhh;. jk;Kila
rfy chpikfisAk; mtUf;F Mf;fp itj;jhh;.
jkJ 116tJ tajpy; fz;zd; tpz;Zuhfpw jpUehl;il myq;fhpj;jhh;.

[Pahpd; itgj;ij gbg;gjdhYk;, Nfl;gjdhYk; Vw;gLk; gyd;

nrd;why; Filahk; ,Ue;jhy; rpq;fhrdkhk; (Kjy; jpUte;jhjp- 53Mk;
ghRuk;) vd;fpwgbNa, vk;ngUkhDf;F vy;yhf; fhyq;fspYk;, vy;yh
,lq;fspYk;, vy;yh epiyfspYk;, vy;yhtpjkhd mbikfisAk;
gytif tbTnfhz;L nra;J, ctg;gpf;Fk; jpUtde;jho;thDila
mk;rG+juhz =kj; vk;ngUkhdhh; [Pah; itgtj;ij gf;jp rpuj;ijAld;
gbg;gth;fSk;, Nfl;gth;fSk; =kj; [Pah; ngUkhdpd; ghpG+uz
flhr\j;ijg; ngw;W, =G+q;Nfhty; ehr;rpahh; ]Nkj jpUtpf;ukd;
,d;dUSf;Fg; ghj;jpu G+juha;, ,k;ik, kWik ,d;gq;fisg; ngw;W
,d;GWth;.
,e;j itgt E}iy Nfhapyho;thhpy; itj;J epj;ak; Muhjpj;J
tuyhk;. ,jdhy; vy;yh ed;ikfSk; cz;lhFk; vd;gJ jpz;zk;.
nghypf! nghypf! nghypf !

NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l tp\aq;fs; GJit = N.Jiuuq;fuhkhE[ jh]h;

vOjpAs;s jpUf;NfhtY}h; vk;ngUkhdhh; [Pah; itgtk; vd;Dk;
fl;Liuapy; ,Ue;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,f;fl;Liu =irNyrjahghj;uk;
2013Mk; Mz;L khh;fop, ij khj (,Ukhj) ,jopy; ntspte;Js;sJ.
,ij gjpg;gpj;j = c.Nt.R.uFuhkd; ];thkpf;F (ghyh[p ];thkp)
mbNaDila ed;wp cwpj;jhFf.

jpUf;NfhtY}h; vk;ngUkhdhh; [Pah; nra;j ifq;fh;aq;fspd; njhFg;G

(ve;j jpUel;rj;jpuj;jpy; (tajpy;) vd;d ifq;fh;ak; nra;jhh; vd;gij
fPNo mDgtpg;Nghk;)
7Mk; tajpy; - cgeadk;

23Mk; tajpy; - jpt;a g;uge;jk; , ,ufrpa f;ue;jq;fs; midj;ijAk;

fw;W czh;jy;

26Mk; tajpy; - G\;g iq;fh;ak; nra;jy;

30Mk; tajpy; jpUkiyapy; nghpa [Pah; MFjy;
47Mk; tajpy; jpUf;NfhtY}Uf;F vOe;jUsp GeUj;jhuzk; nra;jy;

50Mk; tajpy; =K\;zk; vOe;jUsp GeUj;jhuzk; nra;jy;

51Mk; tajpy; jpUf;fz;zkq;if vOe;jUsp GeUj;jhuzk; nra;jy;
52Mk; tajpy; et jpUg;gjpf;F vOe;jUsp GeUj;jhuzk; nra;jy;
66Mk; tajpy; jpUtuq;fk; vOe;jUsp Ntjt;ahr gl;lhpd; tpUg;gj;ij
epiwNtw;Wjy;
67Mk; tajpy; jpUf;NfhtY}h; vOe;jUsp Nfhapy; eph;thfk; nra;jy;
116Mk; tajpy; gukgjk; miljy;
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
jpUf;NfhtY}h; jpt;a Njr kq;fshrhrdg; ghRuq;fis fPNo
mDgtpg;Nghk; - nkhj;jk; 21 (jpUkq;ifaho;thh; - 18, ngha;ifaho;thh;
2, G+j;jho;thh; - 1)

jpUkq;ifaho;thh; - 18 ghRuq;fs;
nghpajpUnkhop - 2Mk; gj;J 4Mk; jpUnkhop Kjy; ghRuk;
md;whah; Fyf;nfhbNahL mzpkhkyh; kq;ifnahL md;gstp
mTzh;f;F vd;jhDk; ,uf;fkpyhjtDf;F ciwAkplkhtJ .
,Uk;nghopy;#o; ed;whaGdy; eiwA+h; jpUthypFle;ij jlk;jpfo;
Nfhty;efh;. epd;whd; ,Ue;jhd; fple;jhd; ele;jhw;F,lk;
khkiyahtJ ePh;kiyNa.
nghpajpUnkhop - 2Mk; gj;J 10Mk; jpUnkhop;- jpUf;NfhtY}h; gjpfk;
1)kQ;rhL tiu VOk; fly;fs; VOk;
thdfKk; kz;zfKk; kw;Wk; vy;yhk;
vQ;rhky; tapw;W mlf;fp Mypd; Nky; Xh; ,se;jsphpy;
fz; tsh;e;j <rd; jd;id
JQ;rhePh;tsk;;Ruf;Fk; ngz;izj; njd;ghy;
J}aehd;kiwahsh; NrhKr;nra;a
nrQ;rhyptpistaYs; jpfo;e;J Njhd;Wk;
jpUf;NfhtY}h; mjDs; fz;Nld; ehNd.

2) nfhe;jyh;e;j eWe;Joha; rhe;jk; J}gk;

jPgk; nfhz;L mkuh; njhog; gzq;nfhs; ghk;gpy;
re;jzp nkd;Kiy kyuhs; juzp kq;if
te;jid nra;J ,irNao; Mwq;fk; Ie;J
tsh; Nts;tp ehd;kiwfs; %d;W jPAk;
rpe;jid nra;J ,UnghOJk; xd;Wk;. nry;tj;
jpUf;NfhtY}h; mjDs; fz;Nld; ehNd.
3) nfhOe;jtyUk; kyh;r; Nrhiyf; Fohq;nfhs;ngha;iff;
Nfhs; Kjiy ths; vapw;Wf; nfhz;lw;F vs;fp
mOe;jpa khfspw;wpDf;F md;W Mop Ve;jp
me;juNk tuj; Njhd;wp mUs; nra;jhid
vOe;j kyh;f; fUePyk; ,Ue;jpy; fhl;l
,Uk;Gd;id Kj;jUk;gpr; nrk;nghd; fhl;l
nrOe;jl ePh;f;fkyk; jPtpif Nghy; fhl;Lk;
jpUf;NfhtY}h; mjDs; fz;Nld ehNd.
4) jhq;fUk;Nghh; khyp glg; gwit Ch;e;J
juhjyj;Njhh; Fiw Kbj;j jd;kahid
Mq;F mUk;gpf; fz;zPh; Nrhh;e;J md;G $Uk;
mbath;fl;F MuKjk; Mdhd; jd;id
Nfhq;fUk;GRu Gd;id Futhh; Nrhiyf;
Fohthp tz;L ,ir ghLk; ghly; Nfl;L
jPq;fUk;G fz;tsUk; fodp #o;e;j
jpUf;NfhtY}h; mjDs; fz;Nld ehNd.
5) fiw tsh; Nty; fud; Kjyhf; fte;jd; thyp
fiz xd;wpdhy; kba ,yq;if jd;Ds;
gpiw vapw;W ths; muf;fh; Nrid vy;yhk;
ngUe;jifNahL cld; Jzpj;j ngk;khd; jd;id
kiw tsug; Gfo; tsu khle;NjhWk;
kz;lgk; xz;njhsp midj;Jk; thuk; Xj
rpiw aize;j nghopy; mize;j njd;wy; tPRk;
jpUf;NfhtY}h; mjDs; fz;Nld ehNd.
6) cwpahh;e;j eWntz;nza; xspahy; nrd;W. mq;F
cz;lhidf; fz;L Ma;r;rp cuNyhL Mh;f;f
jwpahh;e;j fUq;fspNw Nghy epd;W
jlq;fz;fs; gdp ky;Fk; jd;ikaid
ntwpahh;e;j kyh;kfs; ehkq;ifNahL
tpad; fiy vz;Njhspdhs; tpsq;F. nry;tr;
nrwpahh;e;j kzpkhlk; jpfo;e;J Njhd;Wk;
jpUf;NfhtY}h;mjDs; fz;Nld ehNd.

7) ,Uq;ifk;kh fhp Kdpe;J ghpiaf; fPwp

,d tpilfs; Volh;j;J kUjk; rha;j;J
tUk; rflk; ,w cijj;J ky;iy ml;L
tQ;rk; nra; fQ;rDf;F jQ;rhdhid
fUq;fKF gRk;ghis ntz;Kj;J <d;W
fha; vy;yhk; kufjkha;g; gtsk; fhl;l
nrUe;jpkpf nkhl;L myh;j;Jk; Njd;nfhs; Nrhiyj;.
jpUf;NfhtY}h; mjDs; fz;Nld ehNd.
8) ghNuW ngUk; ghuk; jPug; gz;L
ghujj;Jj; J}J ,aq;fp. ghh;j;jd; nry;tj;
NjNuW rhujpaha; vjph;e;jhh; Nrid
nrUf; fsj;Jj; jpwy; mopar; nrw;whd; jd;id
NghNuW xd;W cilahDk; msiff; NfhDk;
Gue;juDk; ehd;KfDk; nghUe;Jk; Ch; Nghy;
rPNuW kiwahsh; epiwe;j nry;tj;
jpUf;NfhtY}h; mjDs; fz;Nld ehNd.
9) J}tbtpd; ghh;kfs; G+kq;ifNahL
Rlh; Mop rq;F ,Ughy; nghype;J Njhd;w
fhtbtpd; fw;gfNk Nghy epd;W
fye;jth;fl;F mUs; GhpAk; fUj;jpdhid
Nrtb if jpUtha;fz; rpte;j Mil
nrk;nghd; nra; jpU cUtk; Mdhd; jd;id
jPtbtpd; rptd; maNd Nghy;thh; kd;D
jpUf;NfhtY}h; mjDs; fz;Nld ehNd.
10) thuzk; nfhs; ,lh; fbe;j khiy. ePy
kujfj;ij kio KfpNy Nghy;thd; jd;id
rPuzq;F kiwahsh; epiwe;j. nry;tj;
jpUf;NfhtY}h; mjDs; fz;Nld; vd;W
thuzq;F Kiy klthh; kq;if Nte;jd;
ths; fypad; xyp Ie;Jk; Ie;Jk; ty;yhh;
fhuzq;fshy; cyfk; fye;J mq;F Vj;jf;
fue;J vq;Fk; gue;jhidf; fhz;gh; jhNk.
nghpajpUnkhop - 7Mk; gj;J 3Mk; jpUnkhop 2Mk; ghRuk;

jha; epide;j fd;Nw xf;f vd;idAk;

jd;idNa epidf;fr; nra;J. jhd; vdf;
fha; epide;J mUs; nra;Ak; mg;gid
md;W ,t;itafk; cz;L ckpo;e;jpl;l
thaid. kfiuf; Fiof; fhjid
ike;jid kjps; Nfhty; ,ilfop
Maid. mkuh;f;F mhpNaw;iw vd;
md;gid md;wp MjhpNaNd.

nghpajpUnkhop - 7Mk; gj;J 10Mk; jpUnkhop 4Mk; ghRuk;

Nga; Kiyj;jy eQ;Rz;l gps;isiaj;

njs;spahh; tzq;fg;gLk; Njtid
khaid kjps; Nfhty; ,ilfop ike;jid
md;wp me;jzh; rpe;ijAs;
<rid. ,yq;Fk; Rlh;r; Nrhjpia
ve;ijia vdf;F va;g;gpdpy; itg;gpid
fhrpid kzpiar; nrd;W ehbf;
fz;zkq;ifAs; fz;L nfhz;NlNd.
jpUneLe;jhz;lfk; - 6Mk; ghRuk;

myk;Ghpe;j neLe;jlf;if mkuh; Nte;jd;

mQ;rpiwg; Gs; jdpg; ghfd; mTzh;f;F vd;Wk;
ryk; Ghpe;J mq;FUs; ,y;yhj; jd;ikahsd;
jhd; cfe;j Cnuy;yhk jd; jhs;ghb
epyk; gue;J tUk; fYopg; ngz;izaPh;e;j
neLNta;fs; gLKj;j Ke;j ce;jp
Gyk; gue;J nghd; tpisf;Fk; ngha;if Ntypg;
G+q;NfhtY}h; njhOJk; NghJ neQ;Nr!

jpUneLe;jhz;lfk; - 7Mk; ghRuk;

tw;GilatiuneLe;Njhs;kd;dh;khs
tbthakONte;jpcyfkhz;L
ntw;GilaneLq;flYs;jdpNtYa;j;j
Nts;Kjyhntd;whD}h; tpe;jk;(ij)Nka
fw;Gilaklf;fd;dpfhty;G+z;l
fbnghopy;#o;neLkWfpy;fkyNtyp
nghw;Gilakiyaiuad;gzpaepd;w
G+q;NfhtY}h; njhOJk; NghJ neQ;Nr!

jpUneLe;jhz;lfk; - 17Mk; ghRuk;

nghq;fhh; nky;ypsk; nfhq;if nghd;Nd G+g;gg;
nghUfay; fz; ePh; mUk;gg; Nghe;J epd;W
nrq;fhy klg;Gwtk; ngilf;Fg; NgRk;
rpW FuYf;F cly; cUfpr; rpe;jpj;J. Mq;Nf
jz;fhYk; jz;Fle;ij efUk; ghbj;
jz;NfhtYh; ghb Mlf; Nfl;L
eq;fha; eq;Fbf;F ,JNth ek;ik? vd;d
eiwA+Uk; ghLths; etpy;fpd;whNs.

rpwpa jpUkly; - 69Mk; fz;zp

rPuhh; jpUNtq;flNk jpUf;NfhtY}Nu

nghpa jpUkly; - 122Mk; fz;zp

NfhtY}h; kd;Dk; ,ilfop nak;khatid

ngha;ifaho;thh; - Kjy; jpUte;jhjp

77Mk; ghRuk;

Ntq;flKk; tpz;zfUk; nt/fhTk;

G+q;fplq;fpd; ePs;Nfhty; ngd;dfUk; - ehd;fplj;Jk;
epd;whd; ,Ue;jhd; fple;jhd; ele;jhNd
vd;why; nfLkhk; ,lh;

86Mk; ghRuk;

epAk; jpUkfSk; epd;whahy;. Fd;ndLj;Jg;

ghAk; gdp kiwj;j gz;ghsh! - thry;
filfopah cs;Gfhf; fhkh; G+q;Nfhty;
,ilfopNa gw;wp ,dp.
G+jj;jho;thh; - ,uz;lhk; jpUte;jhjp - 70Mk; ghRuk;

jkh; cs;sk; jQ;ir jiy muq;fk; jz;fhy;

jkh; cs;Sk; jd; nghUg;G Ntiy - jkh; cs;Sk;
khky;iy Nfhty; kjps; Fle;ij vd;gNu
Vty;y ve;ijf;F ,lk;.

jpUf;NfhtY}h; [Pah; ];thkpapd; Mrhh;auhd Vl;�h; rpq;fuhr;rhh;aiug;gw;wpa xU

rpW Fwpg;G

Vl;�h; rpq;fuhrhh;ah; khKdpfis Mr;uapj;jy;

vk;ngUkhdhh; jpUtbfspy; Mr;uapj;J mtuhNy 74 ]pk;`h]dhjpgjpfs; vd;W
epakdk; nra;ag; ngw;wth;fspy; jpUkiy ey;yhd; rf;uth;j;jp vd;Dk;
Mrhh;aUk; xUth;. ,th; tk;rj;jpy; mtjhpj;jth;fs; jpUkiy ey;yhd; rf;uth;j;jp
vd;W gpw;fhyj;jpy; toq;fg;gl;Lte;jdh;. ,e;j tk;rj;jpy; te;jth;fspy; Vl;�h;
rpq;fuhrhh;ah; vd;gtUk; xUth;. ,th; kpfTk; gpurpj;jp ngw;w tpj;thdha;
tpsq;fpdhh;.

khKdpfs; jpUtuq;fj;jpy; mUs; Ml;rp nra;J nfhz;bUe;j fhyj;jpy; nghpa

jpUkiy ek;gpapd; tk;rj;jpy; mtjhpj;j Vl;�h; rpq;fuhrhh;ah; nry;tr; nrUf;F
cs;stuhf jpUkiyapy; tho;e;J te;jhh;.

,th; nghpa [Pahpd; <L ,idaw;w ngUikfisAk; nrhy;td;ikiaAk;

ciuapLk; jpwidAk; Nfs;tpg;gl;L nghpa [Paiu Mr;uapf;f tpUk;gpdhh;.

jk;Kila ngUikfisAk; Kf;FUk;GfisAk; (Fyr; nrUf;F, fy;tpr; nrUf;F,

nry;tr; nrUf;F Mfpait Nrh;e;jJ jhd; Kf;FWk;G vdg;gLk;) jtph;j;Jf;
nfhz;L, jpUtuq;fj;ijr; nrd;W mile;jhh;. mq;F nghpa [Pahiu jz;ldpl;lhh;.
mthplk; jk;Kila epiyikia mwptpj;J ruz; GFe;jhh;. [PaUk; guk
fpUigNahL mtiu Ml;nfhz;lhh;.

nghpa [Pahplk; jhk; nfhz;Lte;j nry;tj;ij rkh;gpj;jy;

Vl;�h; rpq;fuhrhh;ah; jhk; nfhz;L te;j epjpfis nghpa [Pahplk; rkh;gpj;jhh;.

[Pah; me;j nry;tj;ij Mo;thh; jpUf;NfhGu ifq;fh;aj;Jf;fhf vd;W
mq;fPfhpj;J mij Mo;thh; jpUefhpf;F mDg;gp itj;jhh;. gpd;dh; me;j
ifq;fh;ak; rpwpJ Fiwthf ,Ue;jij mwpe;j [Pah; ehadhh; (nghpa [Pahpd;
G+h;t];uk jpUg;Ngud;) mf;Fiwia epiw Ntw;wpf; nfhLj;jhh;.
nghpa [Pah; m\;lNfhj;u epge;jidia Vw;gLj;Jjy;

nghpa [Pah; tpj;thdha; tpsq;fpa Nghspg;ghf;fk; ehadhh; (,tUf;F NghNuw;W

ehadhh; vd;Wk; rku Gq;fthrhhpahh; vd;Wk; jpUehkq;fs; cz;L) vd;gtiu
miog;gpj;jhh;. mtiuf; nfhz;L =tj;] thJ}yjp VONfhj;uq;fis xd;W
Nrh;j;J ]g;j Nfhj;u t;at];ij gz;zpaUspdhh;.

gpd;G ,e;j Vl;�h; rpq;fuhrhh;ah; itgtj;ij czh;e;J ,tUf;Fk; ngUik

tpisa Ntz;Lk; vd;W vz;zpa khKdpfs;, m\;lNfhj;uj;jhuhf epakdk;
gz;zp m\;lNfhj;u t;at];ij gz;zpdhh; vd;W gps;isNyhfk; [Pah;
mUspAs;s ajPe;jpug;utzg; g;ughtk; vd;w E}yhy; mwpayhfpwJ.

,e;j m\;l Nfhj;ju epge;jid fyp 4544 Mk; Mz;L UjpNuhf;fhhp tU\k;
itfhrp khjk; Rf;y gf;\k; etkp jpjp Gjd; fpoik tpbah; fhiy Neuj;jpy;
Vw;gl;lJ.

m\;lNfhj;jpuq;fs; :

=tj;]k;
thJ}yk;
nfsz;bd;ak;
nfsrpfk;
Mj;Nuak;
ghuj;th[k;
iej;Utfhr;agk;
\lkh;\zk;
,ij fPo;fz;l ];Nyhfk; tpthpf;fpwJ

=tj;]hj;Nua nfsz;bd;ak; ghuj;thr];r nfsrpf:

rlkh;\z];r thJ}y fhr;ag];r m\;lNfhj;u[h:

,g;gb vk;ngUkhdhh; , khKdpfs; Kjyhd Mrhh;ah;fshy; mgpkhdpf;fl;l ,e;j

m\;lNfhj;jpu tk;rj;jth;fSf;F =uq;fj;ij mLj;j ciwA+h;, njhl;bak;
jpUehuhazGuk;, fhQ;rPGuk; Njtg;ngUkhs rd;djp, fhQ;rP m\;lG[k;
(ml;lGafuk;) rd;dpjp, fhl;L kd;dhh; Nfhapy;, =ngUk;G+J}hpy; ];thkp rd;djp,
jpUr;rpj;jpu$lk; Nfhtpe;juh[h; rd;djp (rpjk;guk;) Mfpaitfspy; Kjy; jPh;j;jk;,
,uz;lhk; jPh;j;jk; vd;w KiwapYk; NtW rpy fpuhkq;fspYk; khpahijfSk;
ghj;aijfSk; cs;sd. ,e;j m\;lNfhj;u tk;rj;jth;fspy; khKdpfshy;
ghpfuzk; nra;ag;gl;l etuj;dq;fspy; xUtuhf Vl;�h; rpq;fuhrhh;ahh;
tpsq;fpdhh; vd;gJTk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

NkNy nrhd;d tp\aq;fs; =.c.Nt Kidth; K.A. kzths Iaq;fhh; ];thkp

vOjpa m\;lNfhj;u jpUtk;rj;jpdh; tuyhWk; ngUikAk; vd;Dk; fl;Liuapy;
,Ue;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,f;fl;Liu jpUty;ypf;Nfzp =.c.Nt m\;lNfhj;uk;
jpUkiy ey;yhd; rf;uth;j;jp ghh;j;jrhujp Iaq;fhh; ];thkpapd; kzptpoh
kyhpYk; rjhgpN\f kyhpYk; ntspte;Js;sJ. (rpy tp\aq;fs; Kidth; ,uh
muq;fuh[d; ];thkp njhFj;J ntspapl;Ls;s kd;DGfo; kzthskhKdpfs;
vd;Dk; E}ypy; ,Ue;Jk; vLf;fg;gl;lJ)

jpUf;NfhtY}h; vk;ngUkhdhh; [Pah; jpUtbfNs ruzk;.

thrpf Njh\: r\e;jt;a:

 = :
=kNj uhkhD[ha ek: =kj; tutuKeNa ek:
=kj; tuj FuNt ek:
];thkp vk;ghh; - tU\ jpUel;rj;jpuk; - ij – Gdh;G+rk;

];thkp vk;ghh; - kJukq;fyk;, mtjhu];jyk;

Gifg;glcjtp - = =tj;] fpU\;zd;, jpUty;ypf;Nfzp

];thkp vk;ghh; - jpUty;ypf;Nfzp

jdpad;
uhkhE[ gjr;rhah Nfhtpe;jh`; theghapeP /
jjhaj;j ];t&gh ]h [Pahe; kj;tp];uk];jyP //

G\;Na Geh;t]{ jpNe [hjk; Nfhtpe;j Nj]pfk; /

uhkhE[ gjhk;Ngh[ j;te;j;t g;utzkhd]k; //

,tUila jh];a ehkk; - =Nfhtpe;jjh]h;, uhkhE[gjr;rhiaahh;

Mrhhpad; - vk;ngUkhdhh;;; ,th; nghpa jpUkiyek;gpf;F kUkfdhh;
,th; vk;ngUkhdhUila rpwpa jhahhpd; jpUf;Fkhuh;
rp\;ah;fs; - nghpagl;lh;; ; =uhkg;gps;is
jpUj;jk;gpahh; - rpwpa Nfhtpe;jg; ngUkhs;;
,th; mUspr;nra;jUspd g;uge;jk; - tp[;Qhd];Jjp
,th; vk;ngUkhdhUila jpUtb epoyha; ,Ue;jhh;
,th; vk;ngUkhdhUf;Fr; nra;j ifq;fh;aq;fs; - jpUNkdp jpUtbfs; gpbf;fTk;,
vz;nza;f;fhg;G rhj;jTk;, jpUg;ghpal;lq;fs; jpUj;jTk;, jpUf;if rkh;g;gpf;fTk;,
jpUg;gLf;if Nrhjpf;fTk;, jpUNkdpfhty; Kjyhd ifq;fh;aq;fs;

thopj;jpUehkk;

G+tsUk; jpUkfshh; nghypTw;Nwhd; thopNa

ngha;ifKjy; gjpd;kh;fiyg; nghUSiug;Nghd; thopNa
khtsUk; G+Jhud; kyh;g;gjj;Njhd; thopNa
kfuj;jpy; Gdh;G+rk; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa
NjT nkg;NghUSk; gilf;fj; jpUe;jpdhd; thopNa
jpUkiy ek;gpf; fbik nra;Aktd; thopNa
ghitah;fs; fytp apUs; gfnyd;whd; thopNa
gl;lh;njhO nkk;ghh; nghw;gj kpuz;Lk; thopNa.

ehs; ghl;L

kl;ltpo;; G+k;nghopy; koiy ed;dfh; tho;ts Nkhq;fpa ehs;

tl;lkzpf;Fy khjth; kdkpir tho;r;rp tsh;;e;jpL ehs;
fl;lkfd;nwhUfhy; ,isaho;thh; fr;rpnghUe;jpa ehs;
fl;ltpOk;gb fhrpdpNahh;f;nfhU fw;gfkhfpa ehs;
gl;lhplh;nfl gh\;afhuh;jk; ghh;it gypj;jpL ehs;
gl;lguhruh; ghJifahf;fpa gukd; cjpj;jpL ehs;
nghl;lzp khjh;jk; ngha;f;fytpf; fpUs; Nghe;;jzpah
vk;ghh; Nghe;J gpwe;jpLk;, ijajdpy; Gdh;G+rk; mnjD ehNs.
jpUtuq;fk; jpUf;FU$h; jpUNtq;flk; tho
jpUtj;jpA+h; Kjyhd jpUg;gjpfs; jhk; tho
fhjYld; fly;R+o;e;j Qhyj;Nj te;Jjpj;j
Nfhtpe;j khKdpNa ! ,d;DnkhU E}w;whz;bUk;.

vk;ghh; mUspAs;s nghpa jpUnkhop jdpad;

vq;fs; fjpNa ,uhkhErKdpNa
rq;ifnfLj;jhz;l jtuhrh - nghq;FGfo;
kq;ifah;NfhdPe;j kiw ahapukidj;Jk;
jq;F kdk; eP vdf;Fj; jh.

kq;fs ];Nyhfq;fs;

1) ghuj;thN[tjPh;zha Gz;lhP fhr\[e;kNe

m];kj; Fy];a ehjha Nfhtpe;jhh;aha kq;fsk;;

2) =i]y G+h;zFUzh uhkhtu[ NahfpNd

jj;jha cjfG+h;tk; ];ahj; Nfhtpe;jhh;aha kq;fsk;

3) gl;lhh;aha ];t]p\;aha Ntjhe;jj;ta jhapNe

g;ugj;jpk; Nrhgjp]Nj Nfhtpe;jhh;aha kq;fsk;

4) Mj;kh tu[ Nfhtpe;j jj;jE}[k; FUfhjpgk;

];t tk;]hf;hpak; f;UjtNj Nfhtpe;jhh;aha kq;fsk;

5) =i]yG+h;z t;ahf;ahjp ]{f;jpk; ];k;Uj;th ]lj;tp\:

jk;FUk; ]k;];hpjhah];J Nfhtpe;jhh;aha kq;fsk;

6) ]lhhp ]{f;jp ];Nuhjt;N;a ]jh ]e;J\;l NrjN]

ituhf;ak; Nrhgjp]Nj Nfhtpe;jhh;aha kq;fsk;

7) uhkhE[hh;ahj; Ntjhe;j j;ukpNlhgep\j; fpuhk;

u`];ahh;j;jheh;j;jtNj Nfhtpe;jhh;aha kq;fsk;

8) kq;fsk; Nj]pNfe;j;uha kq;fsk; Fz ]pe;jNt

kq;fsk; Nfhtpe;jhh;aha epj;a=h; epj;a kq;fsk;
];thkp vk;ngUkhdhh; tbtoF - vk;ghh; mDgtpj;J mUspr;nra;jJ

gw;gnkdj;jpfo; igq;foYk; jz; gy;ytNk tpuYk;

ghtdkhfpa ige;Jtuhil gjpe;j kUq;foFk;
Kg;GhpE}nyhL Kd;ifapy; Ve;jpa Kf;Nfhy; jd;doFk;
Kd;dth; je;jpL nkhopfs; epiwe;jJ KWty; epyhtoFk;
fw;gfNk tpop fUiz nghope;jpL fky Kfj;joFk;
fhhpRjd; foy; #ba KbAk; fdew;rpif moFk;
vg;nghOJk; vjpuhrd; tbtoF vd; ,jaj;Jsjhy;
,y;iynadf;nfjph; ,y;iynadf;nfjph; ,y;iynadf;nfjpNu.

vk;ghhpd; itgtr;RUf;fk;

1) vk;ghh; jpUttjuhk; vk;ngUkhdhh; mtjhpj;J ehd;F tU\q;fs; fopj;J

Jh;kjp tU\j;jpy; (fp.gp 1021) =ngUk;G+J}iu mLj;j kJukq;fyj;jpy;
tl;lkzpf;Fbapy; ghuj;th[ Nfhj;jpuj;jpy; vk;ngUkhdhhpd; rpwpa jhahuhd
=Njtpf;Fk; mtUila gh;j;jhthd fkyead gl;lUf;Fk; Fkhuhuf Nfhtpe;jd;
vd;Dk; jpUehkj;Jld; vk;ghh; mtjhpj;jhh;.
2) ,th; ,uhkhD[Uld; ahjtg;ufh]hplj;jpy; fy;tp gapd;whh;.
3) ,uhkhE[hpd; capiuf;fhg;gw;wpaJ
,uhkhD[hplj;jpy; cs;s j;Nt\j;jhNy mtiu fq;ifapy; js;spf; nfhd;W
tpLtjw;fhf ahjtg;ufh]h; fhrpahj;jpiuia jk; rp\;ah;fSld; Nkw;nfhz;lhh;.
jkJ jk;gpahd Nfhtpe;jh; %ykhf mr;rjpj; jpl;lj;ij mwpe;J nfhz;l
,uhkhD[h; NguUshsd; Ngu; mUshNy ,e;j ahj;jpiuapy; ,Ue;J kPz;L,
fhQ;rpf;Fj; jpUk;gpdhh;.
4) Nfhtpe;jh; kWgbAk; =it\;ztuhf nghpa jpUkiy ek;gpfshy;
jpUe;Jjy;
ahjtg;ufh]NuhL fhrpf;Fr; nrd;w Nfhtpe;jh; fq;ifapy; %o;fp vOk;NghJ
mtUila cs;sq;ifapy; Xh; ypq;fk; mfg;gl;lJ. ahjtg;ufh]uhy; cs;sq;if
nfhzh;e;j ehadhh; vd;W ngahplg;ngw;whh;. irtuhfp me;j ypq;fj;ij
kJukq;fyj;jpy; g;ujp\;il nra;jhh;. gpwF ,th; fhs`];jpr; rptd; Nfhapypy;
njhz;L nra;J te;jhh;. =uhkhD[hpd; gpuhh;j;jidf;F ,zq;fp khJyuhd
(khkh) nghpa jpUkiy ek;gp fhy`];jp nrd;W Nfhtpe;jiu kWgbAk;
=it\;ztuhfj; jpUj;jpdhh;.
5) =uhkhD[h; Kjd; Kjyhf jpUkiyf;Fr; nrd;wNghJ Nfhtpe;jiu
jhdkhfkhfg; ngw;W jk; rp\;auhf =uq;fj;jpw;F mioj;J nrd;whh;.
6) Nfhtpe;jh; guk ituf;fpKilatuha; ,Ue;j gbahy; ]e;ah] M];ukj;ij
ngw;W vk;ghh; vd;Dk; jpUehkj;ij mile;jhh;.
7) ,uhkhD[gjr;rhah (,uhkhD[Uila jpUtb epoyha; ,Ug;gh;) vd;W ngah;
ngw;W vk;ngUkhdhiu tpl;L gphpahky; ,Ue;J te;jhh;.
8) jpUtha;nkhop Kjyhd j;t;a g;ue;jq;fSf;F ,th; mUspr;nra;Js;s
eph;th`q;fs; ,th; guk u]pfh; vd;gijf; fhl;Lfpd;wd.
9) $uj;jho;thd; jpUf;Fkhuuhd gl;lh; mtjhpj;jTld; mf;Foe;ijiaf;
flhr\pg;gjw;fhf vLj;J tUk;gb vk;ngUkhdhuhy; epakpf;fg;ngw;w vk;ghh;,
Fyf;nfhOe;jhd mf;Fkhuiuj; jk; khh;gpNy mizj;Jf;nfhz;L Foe;ijf;F
uir\ahfj; j;tahE]e;jhdk; nra;J nfhz;L te;J vk;ngUkhdhhplk;
fhl;bdhh;. vk;ngUkhdhUk; vk;ghNu Foe;ijaplk; j;tak; ghpkspf;fpd;wNj vd;d
nra;jPh;? vd;W Nfl;f mtUk; Foe;ijf;F uir\ahf j;tahE]e;jhdk; gz;zpf;
nfhz;L vLj;J te;Njd; vd;W $w, ,tUila `pjj;jpw;F ePh; Kw;gl;Bh;
MifahNy ePNu ,tUf;F Mrhh;auhff; fltPh; vd;W vk;ngUkhdhh; epakpj;jhh;.
mjd;gb vk;ghh; gl;lUf;F Mrhh;auhdhh;.

ruNkhgha eph;zak; - vk;ghh; gl;lhplj;jpy; vk;ngUkhdhNu cj;jhufh; vd;W

cgNjrpj;jy;

vk;ghh; xU uhj;jphp jpUtPjpapNy FzEgj;JlNd cyhtp tUk;NghJ, gl;lh;

mtiu ghh;j;jTld; N]tpj;J Mrhh;aj;tKk; j;tptpj;kha;, jj;tp\a ];tPfhuKk;
j;tptpjkhad;Nw ,Ug;gJ. vjpNy NjthPh; mWjp ,l;bUg;gJ vd;W Nfl;f
vk;ghUk; f;Ugh khj;ug;u]d;dhrhh;aNd Kf;ad;. gufj];tPfhuNk Ngw;Wf;F cly;.
,it ,uz;ilAk; ehd; vk;ngUkhdplj;jpNy mWjpapl;bUg;gd;. ePUk; ngUkhs;
ek;ik Gj;u ];tPfhuk; gz;zp mUspdhh;, Mo;thDila gps;is, ]fy
tpj;iafis mg;a]pj;Njhk;, ekf;F VJ Fiw vd;W ,Wkhe;jpuhNj.
vd;idg;NghNy vk;ngUkhdhh; ,lj;jpNy cj;jhufj;t g;ujpgj;jp gz;zp mtNu
cj;jhufh; vd;W epidj;jpUk; vd;W mUspr;nra;jhh;.

thh;jhkhiy 188

epj;a ]k;]hhpfspNy xUtid cgatpG+jp tpyr\zdhg;gb vk;ngUkhd;

Mf;fpdhd; vd;W vk;ghh; mUspr;nra;thh;.
tptuzk; ek;kho;thUila ngUikiag; ghh;f;Fk;NghJ jpUf;FWq;Fb ek;gpahd
vk;ngUkhNd ek;kho;thuhf te;J mtjhpj;jhd; vd;W nrhy;yhk; vd;gJ
Mste;jhh; jpUTs;sk;. khwp khwpg;gy gpwg;Gk; gpwe;J (2Mk; gj;J 6Mk;
jpUtha;nkhop 8Mk; ghRuk;) Kjyhd ghRuq;fspy; ngha;apy;yhj ghly;fisg;
ghba ek;kho;thNu jk;ik mehjpfhykhfg; gygpwtp vLj;j epj;a ]k;]hhpahf
mEre;jpj;Jf;nfhz;L ,Uf;ifahNy, xU epj;a ]k;]hhpia tpz;ZshhpYk;
rPupahuhf Mf;fpdhhd; vk;ngUkhd; vd;gJ jhd; cz;ik epiy. fPij 10-41
];Nyhf;fj;jpd; tptuzk; - ve;nje;j [e;Jf;fs; nry;tk;, fhe;jp, ew;nray;fspy;
cWjp Kjyhd rpwg;Gfis ciladtahf ,Wf;fpd;wdNth me;je;j [Ptuhrpfs;
vd;Dila epakd ]f;jpapd; xU gFjpahNy cz;lhdit vd;W mwpthahf
vd;W =fpU\;zh; mh;[{eDf;F cgNjrpj;jhh;. ,jd;gb vk;ngUkhDila
mk;]j;jhy; cz;lhdth; ek;kho;thh; vd;gijapl;Lg; G+h;thrhh;ah;fs; mtiu
gftj mtjhukhf mUspr;nra;fpwhh;fs; vd;gJ vk;ghh; jpUAs;sk;.
210Mk; thh;j;ij

vk;ghh; jpUkiyek;gp jpUkhspiff;F rh;ttpj ifq;ah;aq;fSk; gz;zpf;nfhz;L

,Uf;fpwijf; fz;lhh; cilath;. xU ehs; vk;ghh; ek;gpf;F jpUg;gLf;ifgLj;jp,
Kjypy; mjpNy gLj;Jf;nfhz;L ghh;f;f, ,ijf;fz;l cilath; ,th; nra;j
fhhpaj;ij jpUkiy ek;gpf;F mUspr;nra;jhh;. mtUk; vk;ghiu mioj;J
=Nfhtpe;jg;ngUkhNs! ePh; ekf;Fs;s gLf;ifapy; gLj;Jf;nfhz;bhPh; vd;W
Nfs;tpg; gl;Nlhk;. ,g;gb nra;ayhNkh? ,Jf;F gyd; VJ? vd;why; eufk;
vd;whh;. ,g;gb mwpe;J ,Ue;Jk; vjw;F nra;jPh;? vd;W Nfl;lhh;.

mjw;F ,th; NjthPh; jpUNkdpapy; xd;W cWj;Jjy;, Cd;Wjy;, fbj;jy;

nra;ahky; fz;tsug; ngw;why; mbNaDf;F eufNk mikAk; vd;W tpz;zg;gk;
nra;jhh;. ,jidf; Nfs;tp cw;w cilath; ,njhU g;ujpgj;jp tpNr\k;
,Ue;jgb vd;? vd;W cfe;jUspdhh;.

vk;ghUila Kf;jf ];Nyhfk;

y\;kPehjhf;a ]pe;njs ]lhpG [yj:

g;uhg;a fhUz;aePuk;
ehjhj;uhtg;a\pQ;rj; jjE
uFtuhk;Ngh[ rr\{h;[uhg;ahk;
fj;th jhk; ahKehf;ahk; ]hpjkj
ajPe;j;uhf;a gj;khfNue;j;uk;
]k;G+h;a g;uhzp ]];Na g;ut`jp
g`{jh Nj]pNfe;ju g;unksif:
,e;j ];Nyhfj;jpd; mh;j;jk;

yr\;kP ehjdhfpw ngUq;flypy; rlNfhguhfpa Nkfk; fUiz ePiug;gUfp

ehjKdpfshfpw kiyapNy nghope;jJ. me;ePh; Gz;lhPfhr\nud;Dk;
ca;af;nfhz;lhh;, uhkkp];uh; vDk; kzf;fhy;ek;gp Mfpa ,U mUtpfspd; %yk;
ahKehrhh;ah; vDk; Mste;jhuhfpa Nguhw;iw mile;J, mjpy; ,Ue;J nghpa
ek;gpfs; Kjyhd [e;J Mrhh;ah;fs; Mfpw fhy;tha;fs; %yk; ajpuh[uhfpw
nghpa Vhpia mile;J, mjpypUe;J vOgj;J ehY Mrhh;ah;fshfpw kjFfshNy
caph;fshfpw gaph;fspd; nghUl;Lg; ngUFfpwJ.

(NkNy nrhd;d tp\aq;fs; Gj;J}h; ];thkp njhFj;jUspa Mrhh;a itgt

kQ;[hp vd;fpw E}ypy; ,Ue;J VLf;fg;gl;lJ)
vk;ghh; jpUehL myq;fhpj;jy;

vk;ghh; filrp ehl;fspNy fzpaD}h; rphpahr;rhd;, rl;lk;gs;sp [Pah;, <r;rk;ghb

[Pah; ,th;fSf;F cilath; g;u]hjpj;j mh;j;j tpNr\q;fis cgNjrpj;J
jh;]ej;ij eph;t`pj;J tuNtz;Lk; vd;W kq;fshrhrdk; nra;jhh;. mth;fSf;F
gl;lh; jpUtbiaf; fhl;bf;nfhLj;J, cilath; jpUtbiaj;jpahdpj;Jf;nfhz;L
jpUehl;Lf;F vOe;jUspdhh;.

vk;ghhpd; jd;Ndw;wk;

1) ,isaho;thhpd; capiuf; fhj;jJ

,sikapy; ,isaho;thUk; Nfhtpe;jUk; Ntjhe;jf; fy;tpia mf;fhyj;jpy;

gpurpj;jdha; ,Ue;j ahjtg;ufhrd; vd;w tpj;thdpd; gs;spapy; fw;W te;jdh;.
Ntjhe;j thf;fpaq;fSf;F ahjtg;ufhrd; nrhd;d mj;itjg; nghUs;fs;
,isaho;thh; kdj;Jf;F ,irahjjhy; jkJ kdj;Jf;F Njhw;wpa khw;Wg;
nghUs;fisf; $wp te;jhh;. mj;itj kjj;Jf;Fg; Gwk;ghd NtWnghUs;fisf;
$Wk; ,tiu tsutpl;lhy; me;j kjj;Jf;Nf NfL tuf;$Lk; vd;W jPh; khdpj;J,
mtiu (,isaho;thiu) fhrp ahj;jpiu vd;W mioj;Jg; Ngha; fq;ifpy;
kzpfh;zpifapy; js;sp %o;fbj;J tpLtJ vd;W jpl;lkpl;lhd;.

kzpfh;zpif vd;gJ fhrpapYs;s fq;fh ejp ];ehefl;lk;. ,t;tplj;jpy; ];ehek;

nra;jhy; rfy ghgq;fSk; tpyFk; vd;W Guhzq;fs; $Wk;. ,q;F ,tiu
Kbj;J tpl;lhy; mj;itj kjj;jpw;F NgUjtpahFk;. jd;idAk; g;uh`;kzidf;
nfhd;w ghgk; rhuhJ vd;W ahjtd; mgpg;uhag;gl;lhd;. ,e;j #o;r;rpia
Nfhtpe;jh; gs;spapy; gapd;w khzth;fs; %yk; mwpe;jhh;. mjid
,isaho;thhplk; nrhy;y jf;f jUdj;ij vjph;ghh;j;jpUe;jhh;.
ahjtd; gs;spapy; gapd;w rp\;ah;fs; midtUlDk; fhrp ahj;jpiu fpsk;gp gy
ehs; ele;J tpe;jpa kiyr; rhuiy mile;jdh;. tpe;jpa kiyr;rhuy; fhl;L
g;uNjrk; MFk;. mq;Nf Nfhtpe;jUf;F jdpikapy; ,isaho;thiu re;jpj;J Ngr
xU tha;g;G fpilj;jJ. Nfhtpe;jh; jkadplk; tp\aj;ij tpsf;fkhfr; nrhy;yp
mq;fpUe;J vg;gbahtJ jg;gptpLk;gb Ntz;bf;nfhz;lhh;. ,isaho;thUk;
ahtUk; mwpahky; jg;gp fhl;by; kiwe;Jtpl;lhh;. Nfhtpe;jh; ,isaho;thh;
vg;gbahtJ jg;gp fhQ;rp nrd;W Nrh;e;JtpLthh; vd;w kdmikjpAld;
ahjtDila $l;lj;jpy; xd;Wk; mwpahjth; Nghy; ,Ue;J tpl;lhh;. ,t;thW
Nfhtpe;;jh; ,isaho;thhpd; capiuf; fhj;jhh;.
2)Mrhh;a gf;jp

Nfhtpe;jg; ngUkhs; (vk;ghh;) Mrhhpauhd jpUkiy ek;gpf;Nf Ml;gl;ltuha;

thoe;J tUifapy; =uhkhE[h; =uhkhazj;jpd; Mo;nghUis vy;yhk;
khJyuhd (khkh) jpUkiy ek;gpaplk; cgNjrkhfg; ngUjy; nghUl;L xuhz;L
fhyk; jpUg;gjpapy; trpj;jpUf;f Nehpl;lJ. mf;fhyj;jpy; ek;gpapdhy; jpUj;jg;gl;l
Nfhtpe;jhpd; ew;gz;Gfis neUf;fj;jpy; Nehpy; fhz uhkhE[Uf;F tha;g;G
fpilj;jJ. xU rkak; ek;gpf;F mike;j gLf;ifapy; Nfhtpe;jh; jhNk rpwpJ
Neuk; gLj;J vof;fz;l uhkhE[h; mjw;fhd fhuzk; mbNaDf;F
tpsq;ftpy;iyNa vd;W ek;gpapld; Nfl;f ek;gpAk; mtiuNa Nfl;fyhNk vd;W
mtiu mioj;Jf;Nfl;lhh;. ,f;Nfs;tpf;F Nfhtpe;jh; mspj;j gjpy; Mrhh;aDf;F
vd;W mikj;j gLf;ifapy; rp\;ad; rpwpJ NeuNkDk; gLg;gJ nfhba ghtNk.
,jw;F gyd; euf thrNk vd;gij mbNad; mwpNtd;. MapDk; rikj;j czT
ed;whf cs;sjh vd;W Ritj;Jg; ghh;gJ Nghy gLf;ifapd; eyj;ijAk;
Nrhjpj;Jg; ghh;j;Njd;. Mrhh;aDf;F ghq;fhf gLf;if mike;Js;sJ. mth;
mjpy; ]{fkhf fz; tsh;e;jUSth; (Jq;Fth;) vd;W mwpe;jhy; NghJk;. ,jdhy;
mbNaDf;F ve;j ghtk; te;jhYk; tul;Lk; vd;Nw r\zNeuk; gLj;Jg;
ghh;j;Njd; vd;whh;. ,ijf;Nfl;l uhkhE[h; jk;gpapd; Mrhh;a gf;jpapd; fzj;ijf;
fz;L (vy;iy) Mr;rh;ag;gl;L kpfTk; cfe;jhh;.

3) [Pt fhUz;ak;

xU ehs; ek;gpapd; G+e;Njhl;lj;jpy; cilath; vOe;jUsp ,Ue;jNghJ,

Xhplj;jpy; Nfhtpe;jh; ghk;gpd; thapypNy ifia tpl;L kPz;Lk; ePuhbf;
ifq;fh;aj;jpNy <Lglf;fz;lhh;. mtiu mioj;J vd; nra;jPh;? vd;W Nfl;f,
mth; ghk;G ehf;if ePl;bf; nfhz;L NehT glf; fz;L, mjd; ehf;fpNy xU rpW
Ks;spUf;ff; fz;L mfw;wpNdd; vd;W tpz;zg;gk; nra;jhh;. ,JNfl;l
cilath; mtUila [PtfhUz;aj;ij tpae;J ghuhl;bdhh;.

4) tpw;w gRTf;F Gy;ypLthh; cz;Nlh?

Xuhz;Lfhyk; nghpa ek;gpaplk; =uhkazj;jpd; Mo;nghUis vy;yhk; Nfl;lwpe;J

Kbj;j gpd;dh; uhkhE[h; kPz;Lk; jpUtuq;fk; nry;y mDkjp Nfhhpa NghJ,
,t;tsT J}uk; vOe;jUsp Xuhz;L fhyk; vdf;F ew;fhykhfg; nghOJ
Nghf;Ftjw;F cjtpGhpe;j ckf;F xd;Wk; jug;ngw;wpNyhNk vd;W nrhy;y,
cilath; mg;gbj;jpUTs;skhfpy; jtwhd ghijapy; nrd;W nfhz;LUe;j
Nfhtpe;jg;ngUkhis mbNad; tpz;zg;gpj;jw;F Vw;gjj; jpUj;jp gzpnfhz;lgpd;,
cld; $LtJ vd;W nfhNyh! vd;W ,Ue;j mbNad; epiditj; jiyf;fl;b
mUspa NjthPh; ,tiu mbNaDf;Fj; je;jply; MfhNjh? vd;W tpz;zg;gk;
nra;jhh;.
cilath; nrhy;ypaijf; Nfl;l ek;gpfs; Nfhtpe;jiu mioj;J thhPh; Nfhtpe;jg;
ngUkhNs! ,d;W Kjy; ek;kpuhkhE[iu ek;ikf; fz;lhw;NghNy Nrtpj;jpUk;
vd;W nrhy;yp ePh; thh;j;J jhdk; gz;zpf; nfhLj;jUspdhh;. jd;idg;
nghpNahh;fs; , ghftjh;fs; mjpYk; Mrhhpad; tpw;fTk; my;yJ jhdkhff;
nfhLf;fTk;, thq;fpf; nfhs;Sk;gbAk; mikj;Jf; nfhs;tJ
cj;jk =it\;zt yr\;zk; MFk;.

nghpaho;thh; Nfrth! GUNlhj;jkh! fpsh;Nrhjpaha;! Fwsh! vd;W* NgRthh;

mbahh;fs; ve;jk;ik tpw;fTk; ngWthh;fNs – vd;W jkJ jpUnkhop 4-4-10
ghRuj;jpy; ,ijg;gw;wp $wpAs;shh;.

Nfhtpe;jiu mioj;Jf;nfhz;L jpUtuq;fk; nry;Yk; topapy; ngUkhs; Nfhapiy

(fhQ;rpGuk;) mile;jNghJ, Nfhtpe;jh; Kfk; thb ntSj;jpUe;jJ fz;L,
mtid tpl;lfd;W apuhw;wfpy;yh vd;W ek;kho;thh; mUspaJNghy;, ek;gpiag;
gphpe;jjd; tpistpJ vd;W fz;L nfhz;L ,tiu Nehf;fp ePh; kPz;Lk; nrd;W
ek;gpia xU Kiw Nrtpj;J thUk; vd;W nrhy;yp xU JidtUld; mDg;gp
tpl;lhh;. cilath; mq;NfNa Njtg; ngUkhis Nrtpj;Jf; nfhz;L
jq;fapUe;jhh;.

Nfhtpe;jUk; jpUkiy ek;gp jpUkhspifiar; nrd;wile;J thrypNy jz;ld;

rkh;g;gpj;J epw;f ,ijawpe;j ek;gp gpj;jidg; Nghfr; nrhy;Yq;Nfhs; vd;W jhk;
Kfk; nfhlhky; mDg;gptpl;lhh;.
kpfTk; ntWj;J khw;wKk; jhuhNuh thry; jpwthjhh; vd;W Mz;lhs; ghbagb
Vq;fp epd;w Nfhtpe;jUf;F ,g;Ngr;R kpfTk; tUj;j kspj;jJ. ek;gpapd; kiztp
(Njtpfs;) ,j;jid J}uk; ,isj;J te;jtid mioj;J ,d;nrhy; nrhy;yp
=ghjjPh;jjKk; jspifg;gpurhjKk; g;u]hjpj;jy; MfhNjh? vd;W Nfhgpj;Jr;
nrhd;dhs;. jhdk; nfhLj;j khl;bw;F Gy; ,Lthh; cz;Nlh vd;W nrhy;yp ek;gp
Kfk; nfhlhky; ,Ue;J tpl;lhh;. cs;Ns ele;j ,e;jg; ghpkhw;wq;fisf; fhJw;w
Nfhtpe;jh; Mrhh;aidf; fhZk; Miriaj; Jwe;J, ,th; jpUkhspif thrypy;
jz;ld; rkh;g;gpj;J tpl;Lr; rpwpJk; jhkjpf;fhky; ngUkhs; NfhapYf;F
vOe;jUspdhh;. vk;ngUkhdhh; jpUtbfNs jQ;rk; vd;W jz;ldpl;Lf;fple;jhh;.

ele;jij vy;yhk; cld; nrd;wth; cilatUf;F tpz;zg;gpf;f mijf;Nfl;l

mth; ek;gp ek; epidtwpe;J ele;J nfhz;lhNu ! vd;W tpae;J cfe;jhh;.

cilath; clNd Nfhtpe;jiu Kbg;gpbj;J vLj;J, Fspuf; fl\pj;J mtiu

mioj;Jf; nfhz;L gazfjpapy; jpUtuq;fk; nrd;W nghpangUkhisAk;, =uq;f
eha;r;rpahiuAk; Nrtpj;J kfpo;e;jhh;.
5) tp\ahe;ju tpuf;jp

,uhkhErd; kpf;f rPyky;yhy; cs;shJ vd;ndQ;R xd;wwpNad; vd;Fw;w

Nghpay;Nt (,uhkhE[ E}w;we;jhjp 2Mk;ghRuk;) vd;fpwgbNa mth; FzhEgtNk
jkf;F nghOJ Nghf;fhff; nfhz;L tho;e;J tUifapy;, xU ehs;
Nfhtpe;jUila jhahh; Nfhtpe;jh! ekJ FLk;gk; tpsq;fNtz;lhNth? vd;
kzhl;Lg; ngz; thoNtz;lhNth? vd;W Nfl;f ehk; jdpaha; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ
mtfhrk; ghh;j;J mtis mDg;gp itAk; vd;whh;.

jhahh; gy ehs; fhj;jpUe;Jk; mg;gb xU mtfhrk; fhzhikahy; cilathplk;

Kiwapl;lhh;. clNd cilath; jk;gpia mioj;J Nfhtpe;jNu! ekJ Mid -
xU ey;Ntisapy; kidahSld; f;U`];j jh;kk; elj;JtPuhf! vd;W
epakpj;jhh;.
Nfhtpe;jh; JwT Nkw;nfhs;SjYk; vk;ghh; vd;w jpUehkk; Vw;gLtJk;

Nfhtpe;jUk; jkJ kidahis mioj;J, XhpuT G+uhTk; mtSf;F

me;jh;ahkpahd gfthidf; fhl;bj; je;J, gftj; FzhEgtj;ijg; gz;zpitf;f,
NtW vjw;Fk; tha;g;G ,y;yhkNy Nghapw;W.

ele;jij kUkfs; %yk; Nfl;lwpe;j jhahh; kfdplk; jd; tpUg;gk; epiw

Ntwhikf;F tUj;jg;gl, Nfhtpe;jUk; me;jh;ahkp xsptpl;L tpsq;f, mopr;rhl;lk;
$ltpy;iyNa vd;W $wpdhh;. jha; kPz;Lk; cilathplNk Kiwapl;lhs;. ];thkp
jk;gpia mioj;J ele;jJ vd;d vd;W tpdt, ,tUk; me;jh;ahkp g;ufhrpf;Fk;
NghJ ,jw;F ,Ul;L VJ? jdpik VJ? mbNad; nra;af;fltJ vJ? vd;whh;.
MrhhpaUk; ,tUila gw;ww;w epiyfz;L kfpo;e;J f;U`];j jh;kj;ij
mE\;bf;f ,ayhjgb tp\ahe;ju tpuf;jp ckf;F cs;sjhfpy; cj;jkh];
ukj;ijf; iff; nfhs;Sk; (Jwtuk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk;) vd;W epakpj;J, mtUf;F
j;hpjz;l fh\haq;fis mspj;J jk;ik Nghd;w Kf;Nfhw; gftuhf;fpaUspdhh;.
mg;Gjpa Jwtpf;F vk;ngUkhdhh; vd;W jkJ ngaiu #l;bdhh;. Mdhy;
ngaiug; ngw;wtNuh ,j;jpUehkk; mbNadhy; Rkf;f KbahJ. ];thkpf;F
epoYk; mbjhWkha; cs;stDf;F nghWf;Fk;gbg; ngah; mUs NtZk; vd;W
Ntz;l ];thkpAk; mj;jpUehkj;ij xUthW RUf;fp vk;ghh; vd;w jpUg;ngaiur;
#l;b mUspdhh;.
,ju tp\aq;fspy; gw;W mw;W ,Uj;jy;

gfj; tp\aj;ijj; jtph;e;j, ,ju tp\aq;fspy; gw;W mw;wth; vk;ghh;. ,jdhy;

gy tp\aq;fisg; gw;wp ,th; mwpahjtuhf ,Ue;jhh;. xU rkak; ,th;
rpq;fg;gpuhd; vd;giu ngz;fSf;F mrhjhuzkhd mtatq;fs; vg;gb ,Uf;Fk;
vd;W Nfl;lhh; vd;gJ g;u]pj;jk;. ,g;gbapUe;jhYk; gftj; tp\aj;jpy; Moe;J
mEgtpg;ghh;.
6) gps;is vd;Dk; miuaUf;F cgNjrk; nra;jy;

xU ehs; miuah; Nritapy; ele;j epfor;rpia fPNo mDgtpg;Nghk;.

vk;ngUkhd; jhd; cfe;j ngz;fSld; (fz;zgpuhd; ,ilg; ngz;fSld;)

vg;gbg; goFthd;. mth;fs; vg;gb kWkhw;wk; jUthh;fs; vd;W ed;whf vk;ghh;
mwpe;jpUe;jhh;. ngUkhs; jpUnkhop Mwhk; gj;J vl;lhk; ghRuk;:

vd;id tUf ntd;W Fwpj;jpl;L…………,d;d nkd;ifaj;jPq;nfhUehs;

tUjpNay; vd; rpdk; jPh;td; ehNd

vd;w ghRuj;jpw;F ca;e;j gps;is vd;Dk; miuah; ek;ngUkhs; Kd;Ng mgpeak;

nra;jhh;.

xU Ma; kfs; fz;zd; jhd; tUtjhfr; nrhd;d nrhw;gb tuhjjhy; mtd;

Nky; Nfhgk; nfhz;L Cb eP vd;whtJ xU ehs; vd; ifapy; te;J
mfg;gLtha;. mg;NghJ ehd; cd;idj; jz;bj;J rpdk; jzpNtd; vd;W
$Wtjhf mike;Js;sJ. ca;e;j gps;is miuah; ,e;j ghRuj;ijg; ghb
mgpeak; fhl;Lk; NghJ rpdk; jPh;td; vd;gjw;F mts; fz;zidf; ifahNy
js;StJ fhyhNy cijg;gJ Nghy ebj;Jf;fhl;l, me;j Nfh\;bapNy ,Ue;j
vk;ghh; ,q;qdk; md;W, fz;zidg; ghh;ff ; khl;Nld; vd;W Kfj;ij khw
itj;J mtd; jd;idg; ghh;f;f nthl;lhky; jLg;ghs;. ,JNt fz;zDf;Fj;
jz;lid vd;W jpUTs;sg; gl;L Kfj;ij khwitj;Jf; fhl;bdhh;. mJ fz;l
miuah; mg;gbNa ebj;Jf; fhl;bdhuhk;. Mr;rp ifahy; js;sg; ngWtJ, fhyhy;
cijf;fg;ngWtJ ,itfs; fz;zd; cfg;NghL vw;Wnfhs;sf;$ba
jz;lidahfhJ vd;gJ vk;ghhpd; fUj;J.

7) vk;ghUk; vk;ngUkhdhUk;
vk;ngUkhdhh; mKJ nra;jJk; 100 mb elg;gJ vd;w gof;fj;ijf; nfhz;L
,Ue;jhh;. ];thkpapd; eil moif vk;ghh; gf;fj;jpypUe;J fz;L Ritj;J
kfpo;thh;. ,g;gb cyhTifapy; ];thkp Mo;thh;fspd; ghRuq;fis kdjpy;
mE]e;jpj;J mUstJ gof;fk;. xU ehs; ,g;gb cyhTifapy; tof;fkhfr;
nry;Yk; J}uk; KOtJk; nry;yhky; rnlf;nfdj; jpUk;gf;fz;l vk;ghh;
jpUkhypUQ;Nrhiy gjpfk; jpUTs;sj;jpNy XLfpwNjh? vd;W Nfl;f ];thkpAk;
mg;gbNa vd;W mUspdhh;.
,e;j epfo;r;rp jpUtha;nkhop <L 10-8-3 ghRu t;ahf;ahdj;jpy; Ngrg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,g;ghRuj;jpd; ,uz;lhtJ mb kbj;Njd; kidtho;f;ifAs; epw;gNjhh;
khiaapdhy; vd;gij mEre;jpj; NghJ kbj;Njd; = jpUk;gpNdd; vd;wgb
rlf;nfdj; jpUk;gpdhh;. ghRuj;jpy; <Lgl;ljhy; jk;ikAk; mwpahky; nra;j
fhhpaq;fs; ,J. ,ijf;fz;L vk;ghh; ,e;j ghRuk; ];thkpapd; jpUcs;sj;jpy;
xLfpwJ vd;W fz;L nfhz;lJ tpaf;Fk; gbahf cs;sJ.

nghpaho;thh; jk; jpUnkhopia rhia Nghyg; ghl ty;yhh; jhKk; mZf;fh;fNs

vd;W KbjpUf;fpwhh;. rhia vd;W epoiiyr; nrhd;dhh;. epoy; Nghyg;
ghlty;yth; neUf;fKilath;fs; vd;W Nky; Nghf;fhfg; nghUs; fpilf;fpwJ.
,J Ghpatpy;iyNa vd;W xUth; vk;ghiuf; Nfl;lhuhk;. ,g;ghRuj;jpd; nghUis
mbNad; vk;ngUkhdhh; rd;djpapy; Nfl;ljpy;iy. MapDk; mth; mUshNs
ckf;F nghUs; nrhy;YNtd; vd;W $wp Mrhhpad; ghJiffisj; jkJ Kbapd;
Nky; ,Uj;jpr; rpy nehbfs; ];thkpia kdjpy; jpahdk; gz;zp tpl;L clNd
,Njh ];thkp g;urhjpj;j nghUs; Nfl;gPuhf!

,j;jpUnkhopiag; ghlty;yhh; vk;ngUkhDf;F epoy; Nghy; neUq;fp vg;nghOJk;

gphpahky; tho;thh;fs; vd;W mUspr; nra;jhh;.

miuah; Nrit

jpUtuq;fk; nghpa NfhapypNy jpUnkhopj;jpUehs; (gfy; gj;J) ele;J

nfhz;bUe;jJ. ek;ngUkhs; jpUKd;Ng vk;ngUkhdhUk; KjypfSk; Nfh\;bahf
tPw;wpUe;jhh;fs;. ];thkp mUfpy; rw;W gpd; js;sp vk;ghh; mkh;e;jpUe;jhh;.
ahtUk; miuah; Nrit mEgtj;jpy; <Lgl;L ,Ue;jdh;. ca;e;j gps;is vd;Dk;
miuah; fz;zd; gps;is tpisahl;Lf;fis tpthpf;Fk; nghpaho;th; jpUnkhop
ghuq;fis ,irj;Jf; nfhz;L ,Ue;jhh;. mg;NghJ nkr;#J rq;fk; ,lj;jhd;
(2-1-1) ghRuj;jpw;F mgpeak; nra;Ak; NghJ miuah; mj;J}jd; mg;G+r;rp
fhl;Lfpd;whd; vd;W ghb mj;J}jd; vd;W ngUkhisr; Rl;b fhl;bdhh;. mg;G+r;rp
vd;gjw;F fz;iz gpJj;Jtjhff; fhl;bdhh;. fz;zd; jd;Dld; cs;s
gps;isfisg; gaKWj;j mg;G+r;rp fhl;Lfpd;whd;. fz;iz mOj;jp tpopj;jy;
fz;zpikia klf;fp rptg;ghff; fhl;Ljy; Kjypa Nr\;ilfshy; fz;zd; kw;w
Foe;ijfis gaKWj;Jtjhf miuah; mgpeakhff; fhl;bdhh;. ,J vk;ghh;
jpUTs;sj;Jf;Fr; Nrutpy;iy. fz;zd; jdJ nja;t Nt\j;ijf; (rq;F
rf;fuq;fisf; ifapNye;jp ehd;F Njhsdha;) fhl;bNa Mah; rpWth;fSf;F
mr;rk; tpiytpg;ghd; vd;W muaUf;Fj; jkJ ,Uif fisAk; Njhs;fSf;F
Nky; ek;ngUkhspd; jpUf;iffs; NghNy cah;j;jpf; fhl;b czh;j;jpdhh;. mtUk;
kPz;Lk; mgpeakhff; fhl;Lk;NghJ jpUthop jpUr;rqF Ve;jpaJ Nghy;
jpUf;iffisj; NjhSf;F NkNy cah;j;jpf; fhl;bdhh;.
cilath; ,J fz;L cfe;J, miuah; ,g;gb khw;wp mgpeak; nra;jjw;fhd
fhuzk; vk;ghUila czh;j;Jjy; MfNt ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W fUjp jpUk;gpg;
ghh;j;J Gd;KWtYld; =Nfhtpe;jg; ngUkhNs! ePh; ,q;Nf ,Uf;fpwPNuh! vd;W
mUspr; nra;jhuhk;. cilath; kdj;ijj; njspa vk;ghh; mwpe;jpUe;jJ Kd;G
kbj;Njd; kidtho;f;ifAs; vd;w tp\akhd epfo;r;rpapy; fz;Nlhk;. ,q;F
vk;ghh; kdj;ij ];thkp mwpe;J itj;jpUe;jijf; njspaf; fhzyhk;.

8) mh;r;irapy; <LghL

ek;ngUkhs; Mz;L NjhWk; %d;W g;u`;Nkhj;;]tq;fs; fz;LUSfpwhh;.

=uq;fj;J tPjpfspy; Gw;ghL fz;L fz;LUStNjhL mUfhikapy; cs;s gy
Ch;fSf;Fk; vOe;jUSfpwhh;. xt;nthU cj;]tj;jpYk; 10 ehl;;fs; Gwg;ghL
fz;lUsp cj;]tk; Kbe;jTlNd fh;g;gf;U`j;Jf;F vOe;jUSth;.
Kjypahz;lhDk; vk;ghUk; xUtUf;F xUth; Njh\Nk epiwe;j rk;rhhpfs;
eLNt 10 ehl;fs; cj;]tk; fz;lUsp ek;ngUkhs; xU mghak; ,d;wp
Nr\kkhfj; jkjplk; (fh;g;gf;U`j;Jf;F) Nrh;e;jdNu. mJ ekJ ghf;aNk ghf;ak;
vd;W nrhy;ypf; nfhz;L kfpo;e;jij eQ;rPah; Nehpy; fz;lhuhk;. ,th;fSf;F
ek;ngUkhspd; mh;r;irj; jpUNkdpapy; vj;jifa ghpTzh;r;rp ,Ue;jJ vd;W
ek;khy; msT ,l;L mwpa KbahJ.

9) jUkk; jiyfhf;Fk;

ek;kho;thh; mUspa jpUtpUj;jk; 28Mk; ghRuj;jpy; ts;thayfhy; Gs;ee;JohNk

nghUePh; jpUtuq;fh! mUsha; vd;W Mo;thh; vk;ngUkhid Ntz;Ltjhf
nrhw;fs; mike;Js;shd.

mtd; Kd;dh; j;nusgjp Kjyhdhh;f;F mUspaJ Nghyj; jdf;F mUshsjJ

Vd;? vd;W Mo;thh; jpUTs;skhj; njhpfpwJ. ts;thayfhy; Gs; ee;JohNk
ngUePh; vd;W jpUtuq;fj;jpy; fhtphpapYs;s ePhpd; ,ay;ig Mo;thh;
tUzpf;fpwhh;. ts;thayfhy; - tise;j myF Nghd;w thahNy, Gs; - kPd;
Kjypatw;iwj; jpd;Dk; gwit, ee;J – (ej;ij) kPid, rq;Fg;G+r;rpia, cohNk
- cohky; (eypahjgb) , nghUk; - rz;ilapLk;, ePh; - ePiu cila, jpUtuq;fh!
- jpUtuq;fj;J ehjNd!

mq;F jz;zPhpy; thOk; [Ptuhrpfis me;j ePh; jd;id mz;bdit vd;w

fhuzj;jhy; , mtw;iw eypatUk; gpuhzpfsplk; mfg;glhky; (miy tPrpr;
rz;ilapl;L) fhg;ghw;Wfpd;wdthk;. ,g;gb mNrjdKk; ruzhfjiu (jd;dplk;
mz;batiu) mit Ntz;lh jpUg;gpDk; (rq;F Nghd;wit jz;zPiu “vd;id
fhg;ghw;W” vd;W Ntz;lhjpWg;gpDk;) jhNk ur\f;fpw ,lj;jpYs;s guk
Nrjdhd eP vd;id u\pf;fhJ ,Ug;gJ vq;qNd? vd;W Mo;thh; Nfl;gjhf
mgpg;uhak;.
,q;F t;ahf;ahdj;jpy; vk;ghiug; gw;wp Ijp`;ak; xd;W mUsg;gl;Ls;sJ.
mjid fPNo mDgtpg;Nghk;.

tPu]{e;jug;`;kuhad; vd;W Xh; murhq;f mjpfhhp ,Ue;jhd;. ,td; guhrugl;lhplk;

tpNuhjpj;jtd;. vk;ghhplKk; ,td; tpNuhjk; guhl;baJ ,ay;Ng. ,tDila vjphp
xUtd; vk;ghh; klj;jpy; ruzkile;jhd;. vk;ghh; mtidf; fhg;gjhf
thf;fspj;jhh;. ,ijf;fz;l vk;ghh; rPlh;fs; Kd;dNk uh[kE\;adhd mtDld;
tpNuhj kpUf;f ,g;NghJ mtDf;F vjphpahd xUtid klj;jpy;
itj;Jf;nfhz;L NkYk; mij tsh;f;f NtZNkh! vd;W jLj;Jg; Ngrpdhh;fs;.
vk;ghh; rpwpJk; fyq;fhky; ek;ik ruzk; vd;W te;jile;jtidf; fhf;f
Ntz;baJ ek; flik. mf;flikia epiwNtw;Wk; tifapy; ,tidf;
iff;nfhz;lhy; ehk; epiwNtw;wGFk; ruzhfjp jh;kNk vy;yhiuAk; ur\pf;Fk;
vd;W mUspr;nra;jhuhk;.

ruzhfjp jh;kk; vd;gJ mNrjdkd;Nwh? vd;dpy;: jd;idaz;ba ePh; tho;

[e;Jf;fis mNrjdkhd me;j ePuhdJ eypTglhjgb ur\pf;Fkhdhy;
mNrjdkhd me;j jh;kk; Vd; ur\pahJ?

KbTiu - Mrhh;a ifq;fh;aNk guk g;uNah[dkhfj; jk;ikg; NgzhikiaAk; ,

Mrhh;a tp\aj;jpy; tpw;fTk; ngWk;gb gzpe;jpUf;ifAk; Mrhh;ad; jpwj;jpy;
epoy; Nghy guje;j;udhapg;Gk; vk;ghUf;Nf mike;j rpwg;Gf;fs; vdyhk;.

NkNy nrhd;d tp\aq;fs; = c.Nt. V.V.uhkhE[k; ];thkp vOjpAs;s vk;ghh;

itgtk; vd;Dk; fl;Liuapy; ,Ue;J vLf;g;gl;lJ. ,f;fl;Liu
=irNyrjhahghj;jpuk; 2009 Mz;L ij khj ,jopy; ntspte;jJ.

kq;fs ];Nyhfk;

kq;fsk; Nj]pNfe;j;uha kq;fsk; Fz ]pe;jNt

kq;fsk; Nfhtpe;jhh;aha epj;a=h; epj;a kq;fsk;

vk;ghh; jpUtbfNs ruzk;.

thrpf Njh\: r\e;jt;a:

 = :
=kNj uhkhD[ha ek: =kj; tutuKeNa ek:
=kj; tuj FuNt ek:

jpUkopiraho;thh; - tU\ jpUel;rj;jpuk; - ij - kfk;

jpUkopiraho;thh; - mtjhu];jyk;
jdpad;

kfhahk; kfNu khN] rf;uhk;]k; ghh;f;fNthj;gtk; /

k`P]hhGuhjP]k; gf;jp]huk`k; gN[ //

]f;jp gQ;rka tpf;u`hj;kNe ]{f;;jp`hu [pjrpj;j `hhpNz

Kf;jp jhaf KuhhpghjNahh; gf;jp]huKuNa eNkh ek:
ehs;ghl;L - cgNjruj;jpdkhiy - 12 ghRuk;

ijapy; kfkpd;W jhuzpaPh; Vw;wk;. ,e;jj;

ijapy; kfj;Jf;Fr; rhw;Wfpd;Nwd; - Ja;akjp
ngw;w kopirg;gpuhd; gpwe;jehnsd;W.
ew;wth;fs; nfhz;lhLk; ehs;.

thopj;jpUehkk;

md;Glde;jhjp njhz;Z}w;whWiuj;jhd; thopNa

mofhUe; jpUkopir akh;e;jnry;td; thopNa
,d;gkpF ijapy; kfj; jpq;Fjp;j;jhd; thopNa
vopy; re;jtpUj;jk; Ew;wpUgjPe;jhd; thopNa
Kd;Gfj;jpy; te;Jjpj;j Kdptdhh; thopNa
KOg;ngUf;fpy; nghd;dpnajph; kpje;j nrhy;Nyhd; thopNa
ed;Gtpapy; ehyhapuj;njOE}w;whd; thopNa
eq;fs; gf;jprhuh; ,Uew;gjq;fs; thopNa.
jpUj;jfg;gdhh; - ghh;f;ft hp\p
jpUj;jhahh; - fdfhq;fpak;khs;
tsh;j;jtd; - `hpjh]d;
jpUehkq;fs; - =gf;jp]huh;, k`P]huGuhjP]h;, ghh;f;fthj;k[h;, jpUkopiraho;thh;,
kopirg;gpuhd;,
rp\;ah;fs; - fzpfz;zd;, j;Ult;ujd;
Mrhhpad; - N]idKjypahh;
GU\fhuh; - Ngaho;thh;
mUspa g;uge;jq;fs; - jpUr;re;jtpUj;jk; (120 ghRuq;fs;),
ehd;Kfd; jpUte;jhjp (96 ghRuq;fs;)
mtjhu];jyk; - jpUkopir
,tuJ jpUtuR jpUf;Fle;ijapy; (Fk;gNfhzj;jpy;) cs;sJ.

,tiu Nghw;wp ciuf;Fk; ,uhkhEr E}w;we;jhjp - 12Mk; ghRuk;

,lq;nfhz;l fPh;j;jp kopirf; fpiwtd;. ,izabg;Ngh

jlq;Fk; ,jaj; jpuhkhDrd;. mk;nghw; ghjnkd;Wk;
flq;nfhz; biwQ;Rk; jpUKdpth;f;fd;wpf; fhjy;nra;ahj;
jplq;nfhz;l Qhdpah;f;Nf. mbNa dd;G nra;tJNt.

ciwapyplhjth;

,tUila jpt;ag;uge;jq;fs; gftj; guj;tj;ij eph;j;jhuzk; nra;J, ,ju

kjq;fis epu]ek; nra;tjpNy Cw;wKilaitahapUf;Fk;. mjdhNyNa
,tUf;F ciwapyplhjth; vd;W Mrhh;a `;Ujaj;jpy; jpUehkk; rhw;wpdhh;
mofpakzthsg;ngUkhs; ehadhh;.
Kjyho;thh;fSk; jpUkopiraho;thUk;

ngha;ifaho;thh; `itak;jfspah’ vd;Wk; G+jj;jho;thh; `md;Ng jfspah’ vd;Wk;

tpsf;Nfw;wpf;fhl;lh Ngaho;thh; `jpUf;fz;Nld; nghd;Nkdp fz;Nld;` vd;W
vk;ngUkhid mDgtj;jgb ghRuq;fs;; ,aw;wpdhh;. Kjyho;thh;fspd; %d;W
jpUte;jhjpfSk; gftj; mDgtk; epwk;gpapUf;Fk;. gftjDgtj;jpw;F
fisahtJ ,juNjtijfsplj;jpy; guj;tAj;jp gz;ZifNa ahFk;.
me;jf;fisia jpUkopiraho;thh; epf;fpdhh.; Kjy; ghRuk; njhlq;fp filrp
ghRuk; tiuapy; jdJ Kjw;g;uge;jkhd ehd;Kfe;jpUte;jhjpapYk;, `md;W ehd;
Kfw; gae;j MjpNjtdy;iyNa’ kw;Wk; gy ghRuq;fspy; jdJ ruk g;uge;jkhd
jpUr;re;jtpUj;jjpy; Iak; jpwpgu gftj; gujj;teph;izak; nra;J cs;shh;.
jkpopy; g;uge;jj;ij tpUj;jkhf Kjypy; mUspath; vd;w ngUik jpUkopir
Mo;thh; xUtuNa rhUk;. ,jid njhlh;e;J ek;kho;thUk; jpUtpUj;jk; vd;w
g;uge;jj;ij mUspr; nra;Js;shh;.

gf;jp]huh; vd;w ngah; Vw;glf;fhzk;

Ngaho;thh; jpUtUshy; jpUkopirg;gpuhd; guk it\;ztuhfp rhf;fpak; fw;Nwhk;
rkzk; fw;Nwhk; rq;fudhh; Mf;fpa MfkE}y; Muha;e;Njhk; nrq;fl; fhpahidr;
Nrh;e;Njhk; ahk; jPjpyNk vq;fl; fhpa njhd;wpy; vd;W mEre;jpj;Jf; nfhz;L
jpUkopirapy; Nahf epiyapy; jpUkfs; Nfs;tid j;ahdkj;Jf; nfhz;b
tho;e;J te;jhh;.
mg;gb ,Uf;ifapy; xUehs; hp\g th`dj;jpy; Vwp ghh;tjpAk; rptDk; Mfha
khh;f;fkha;r; nry;Yifapy; ckhNjtp ,tUila Nj[];i]f; fz;L tpag;Gw;W
,th; ahh; vd;W tpdt rptgpuhd; ,k;k`hEghth; ek; mbahdha; ,Ue;J
,g;NghJ ek;ik tpl;L ehuhazDf;F mbikg; gl;bUg;gth; vd;W nrhd;dTld;
mk;gpif mj;jifa nghpatDf;F ehKk; VNjDk; tukspj;Jr; nry;Nthk; vd;W
$w mts; tpUg;gg;gb jpUkopirg;gpuhd; Kd; Njhd;wpdhh;fs;;.

jpUkopirg;gpuhd; rptidg; ghh;j;jJk;, ghujth; Nghy; xU fe;ijj; Jzpiaj;

ijj;Jf;nfhz;L tPw;wpUe;jhh;. ,ijf;fz;l ckhgjp cdf;F mUs;nra;a te;j
ek;ik eP fz;L nfhs;sky; ,Ug;gJ jFjpNah? vd;W Nfl;f, kopirg;gpuhd;
ck;khy; MfNtz;LtJ vdf;F xd;Wk; ,y;iy. Mjyhy; ehd; cjh]Pedha;
,Ue;Njd; vd;W ciuj;jhh;. mjw;F gpd;Gk; re;j;uNrfh; ek;tuT tPz;Nghff;
$lhJ vd;W epidj;J eP tpUk;gpa tuj;ijg;ngw;W tho;tha; vd;W eph;ge;jkhf
$wpdhh;. Mo;thh; Nkhr\Nyhfkhd gukgjj;ij mUs ty;yPuhfpy; mUs;tPh;
vd;W Nfl;lhh;. mjw;F k`hNjth; mJ ek;khy; ,ayhJ. Nkh\j;ijj;
juty;ytd; =ke; ehuhazd;. mJ jtpu NtWtuk; Ntz;Ltha; vd;W $wpdhh;.
jpUkopirg;gpuhd; Gd;KWty; nra;J me;j Kf;jpiag; ngWtjw;fhd
rhjdq;fis mE\;bg;gjw;F cWg;ghf ePz;l MAisNaDk; vdf;Fj; juNtZk;
vd;W tuk; Nfl;lhh;. mJ Nfl;l ifyhrehjh; mJ fh;khDFzkhf Vw;fdNt
tuk;G fl;Lgl;Ltpl;lJ. mij tsur;nra;a vd;dhyhfJ. NtW tuk; Ntz;Ltha;
vd;W tpsk;gpdhh;.

jpUkopirg;gpuhd; ,fo;r;rp Njhd;w eifj;J, ehd; Jzp ijf;Fk; ,e;j Crpapd;

gpd;Nd E}y;tUk;gb tuk; jUtPh; vd;W ghp`hrkhf thh;j;ijiar; nrhd;dhh;.
mJ Nfl;Lf; fLk; rpdk; nfhz;l fz;ZjNyhd; nrUf;Fila cd;id
,g;NghNj nghRf;fp tpLfpNwd; ghh; vd;W $wp new;wpf;fz;idj; jpwe;jpl
mjpypUe;J Copfhy neUg;Gg; NghNy mf;dp fpsh;e;J vOe;jJ. ,J fz;l
jpUkopirg;gpuhd; ,e;jpud; Nghy; cly; KOtJk; fz; fhl;bdhYk; mQ;RNtd;
my;Nyd; vd;W nrhy;ypj; jkJ tyj;jpUtb ngUtpuypy; cs;snjhU fz;izj;
jpwe;Jtpl mjpypUe;J xU ngUk; jP vOe;J Copfhy neUg;gpYk; gy klq;F
nghpajhfp new;wpf; fz;zpypUe;J fpsh;e;j neUg;ig mlf;fp Kf;fz;izAk;
Rlj;njhlq;fpw;W. mJ fz;l fq;fhjuh; mj;jPapy; ,Ue;J jg;Gtjw;fhfj; jd;
rilapy; ,Ue;j gy Nkfq;fis Vtp Copfhyj;ijg; Nghy kio nghopAk;gb
epakpj;jhh;.

mt;tz;zNk mk;Nkfq;fSk; kio nghope;jjdhy; ngUnts;sk; Vw;glTk;

gukghftjuhd jpUkopirg;gpuhd; rpwpJk; mirahky; vk;ngUkhid j;ahdpj;;Jf;
nfhz;L tPw;W ,Ue;jhh;. ,ijf;fz;l rptd; Mo;thUf;F gf;jp ]huh; vd;W
tpUJ mspj;J mtiu kpff; nfhz;lhbdhh;. ,ij Mo;thNu fPof;;fz;l
ghRuq;fspy; czh;j;jp cs;shh;.

ehd;Kfd; jpUte;jhjp - 26Mk; ghRuk;

kw;Wj; njhOthh; xUtiuAk; ahd; ,d;ik

fw;iwr; rilahd; fhpf; fz;lha;. vw;iwf;Fk;
fz;L nfhs; fz;lha;. fly; tz;zh! ahd; cd;idf;
fz;L nfhs;fpw;FkhW.

ehd;Kfd; jpUte;jhjp - 84Mk; ghRuk;

gpjpUkdkpNyd;. gpQ;Qfd; jd;NdhL
vjph;td; mtd; vdf;F Neuhd;. mjpUk;
fow;fhy kd;didNa fz;zidNa. ehSk;
njhof;fhjy; G+z;Nld; njhopy;.

Gj;J}h; ];thkp ntspapl;Ls;s ehyhapu jpt;a g;uge;j E}ypy; ,Ue;J NkNy

nrhd;dJ vLf;fg;gl;lJ.
NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l ,U ghRuq;fSf;Fk; tpsf;fTiu (Dr.M.A.Ntq;flf;U\;zd;
];thkp ntspAl;Ls;s ek;gps;is gb ,aw;gh t;ahf;ahd E}ypy; ,Ue;J
vLf;fg;gl;lJ)
ehd;Kfd; jpUte;jhjp - 26Mk; ghRuk; tpsf;fTiu

,g;ghRuj;jpy; cd;idj; jtpu NtW rpyiug; gw;Wgtd; my;Nyd; ehd; vd;gjw;F

rptNd rhl;rp vd;fpwhh;. (jpUkopir Mo;thhplj;jpy; rptd; te;J jd;id xUtuk;
Ntz;bf; nfhs;Sk;gb Nfl;lNghJ Mo;thh; mjw;F, mtid myl;rpak; nra;j
rhpj;jpuk; NkNy Fwpg;gplg; gl;Ls;sJ). vk;ngUkhDila mofpy; kaq;fpa
Mo;thh; mjpy; mkpo;e;J Ngha;tplhky; mtid mDgtpf;f ty;yuhfj; jhk;
MfNtz;Lk; vd;W Ntz;Lfpwhh; vd;Wk; nfhs;syhk;. fly;Nghy; fUj;Jf;
Fsph;e;j tbit cilatNd! cd; mofpy; ehd; kaq;fptpl;Nld;. ehd; cd;id
tplhky; mDgtpf;f eP flh\pf;f Ntz;Lk;. (fw;iwr; rilahd;) rptDk; VNjh
xd;iwr; rhjpg;gjw;fhfj; jtk; nra;J [ilia jhpj;Jf; nfhz;L
,Uf;fpd;wgbahNy, mtidg; gw;Wtjhy; ekf;F xU gyDk; ,y;iy vd;fpwhh;.

ehd;Kfd; jpUte;jhjp - 84Mk; ghRu tpsf;fk;

vk;ngUkhidg; gw;WtijNa njhopyhff; nfhz;l vdf;F rptDk; rkkhf

khl;lhd; vd;fpwhh; Mo;thh;. ehd; ,uz;L gl;l kdj;ij cilatd; my;Nyd;.
Qhdj;jhy; ehd; &j;juDf;F rkkhdtd;. vk;ngUkhdplj;jpy; vdf;F cs;s
Mirapy; mtd; vdf;Fr; rkk; Mdtd; my;yd;. mbath;fs;pd; tpNuhjpfis
mopg;gjw;fhf tPuf; foiy mzpe;J mr;nrayhy; vd;id mbik nfhz;l
fz;zid vd;Wk; njhO tjw;Fhpa fhjNy njhopyhff;nfhz;Nld;.

jpUkopiraho;thh; kfpik

,t;tho;thh; mUspa jpt;tpag; gpuge;jq;fs; ,uz;L. 1. ehd;Kfd; jpUte;jhjp 2.

jpUr;re;j tpUj;jk;. ,it ,uz;Lk; jpt;a g;uge;jq;fs; vy;yh tw;wpDs;Sk;
Ntjhe;j tpOg;nghUs;fs; epuk;gpj; jJk;gpa kpfr; rpwe;j mhpa nghpa E}y;fshk;.
,t;tho;thUila fhyj;jpy; Njtjhe;ju guj;Jtk; nfhs;Sk; kjhe;ju];jh;fs;
kype;J ,Ue;jjdhy; mth;fisj; jpUj;jp topgLj;j Ntz;LtJ ,th;f;F
mtrpakha; mike;jJ. MfNt ,th; jpUte;jhjp njhlq;Fk; NghNj
=ke;ehuhaz guj;tj;ij kpf mOj;jkhf mUspr; nra;fpd;whh; (ehd;Kfid
ehuazd; gilj;jhd;). mJ jiyf;fl;Lk; kplj;Jk; ,dpawpe;Njd; <rw;Fk;
ehd;Kfw;Fk; nja;tk;, ,dpawpe;Njd; vk;ngUkhDd;id vd;fpwhh;. ,ilapYk;
gy gy ghRuq;fspdhy; Njtjhq;juq;fspd; mG+h;j;jpiaAk; gukGU\Dila
G+h;j;jpiaANk NgRfpd;whh;. MfNt ,tuJ jpUte;jhjp ngUk;ghYk;
gujj;t];jhgdj;jpy; Nehf;Filj;jhapUf;Fk;.
,jpy; Kjy; ghRuk; ehd;Kfid ehuhahzd; gilj;jhd;, ehd;KfDk; jhd;
Kfkha;r; rq;fuidj; jhd; gilj;jhd; - ahd; Kfkha; me;jhjp Nkypl;L
mwptpj;Njdho; nghUisr; rpe;jhkw; nfhz;kpdPh; Njh;e;J vd;gjhk;.
nghpathr;rhd;gps;is ,g;ghRuj;jpd; tpahf;fpahd mtjhhpifapy;
mUspr;nra;ag;gl;Ls;s xU mw;Gjkhd jpt;a ]{f;jpia fPNo fhz;Nghk;.

g;u`;khjpfs; ]k;]huj;ij g;uth;j;jpg;gpf;f g;ujheh; Mdhg;NghNy, je;ept;Uj;jpf;F

g;ujhed; MNdd; ehd; vd;fpwhh;. ,e;j =Rf;jpapd; fhk;gPh;ak; thrhkNfhruk;.
,jd; fUj;jhtJ. ehuhazd; ehd;Kfidg; gilj;J itj;jhd;. me;j
ehd;KfDk; kw;Ws;s ];U\;bfisg; gz;zpg;Nghdhd;. Mf ,t;tpUtUk; ,g;gb
]k;]huj;ij tsur; nra;J itj;jhh;fNs ad;wpmbaWf;fg; ghh;j;jhuy;yh;. ehd;
mq;qdk; ,d;wpNa cq;fSila ]k;]huk; NtuWk;gbahf Mo;nghUs;fis
mwptpf;f Kw;gLfpd;Nwd; fhz;kpd; vd;W Mo;thh; mUspr; nra;tjhfg;
nghpathr;rhd; gps;is vLj;Jf; fhl;baUspapUg;gJ guku]k;.
,t;tho;thh; Mo;nghUis mwtpf;fj; njhlq;Fk;NghNj mwptpj;Njdho; nghUis
vd;W ,we;j fhyj;jhw; $wpdJ jk;ikf; nfhz;L mwptpf;f tpUk;gpa
vk;ngUkhd; ]j;a ]q;fy;gdhifahYk,; vk;ngUkhDila guj;J tj;ijg;gw;wpg;
ghRuq;fs; Ngrpj; jiyf;fl;bNa jPUk;gbahd jk; cWjpapdhYk; ,g;gpuge;jk;
jiyf;fl;b tpl;ljhfNt epidj;Njhk;. ,jidj; jkpoh; njsptpdhy; vjph;fhyk;
,we;j fhykhfr; nrhy;yg;gl;l fhytOtikjp vd;gh;. ,g;ghRuk; Kjypa
,UE}w;Wg; gjpdhW ghRuq;fis (,uz;L E}yhf) cjtp mUspd ,k;k`hd;
ijapy; kfj;jpy jpUttjhpj;J ek;ik tho;tpj;jUspdh;. (NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l
tp\aq;fs; fhQ;rP ];thkp mUAs;s jpUtj;aaNdhj;]t itgt
jPgpifapypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ)
jpUkopiraho;thh; jpUtbfNs ruzk;.

thrpf Njh\: r\e;jt;a:

 = :
=kNj uhkhD[ha ek: =kj; tutuKeNa ek:
=kj; tuj FuNt ek:
=$uj;jho;thd;, <r;rk;ghb Mr;rhd; - tU\ jpUel;rj;jpuk; - ij - `];jk;

=$uj;jho;thd; - $uk; (mtjhu];jyk;) kw;Wk; =uq;fk;

jdpad;

kfNu `];j er\j;Nu ]h;g;gNej;uhk;] ]k;gtk; /

=kj; $uFyhjP]k; =tj;]hq;f Kgh];kN` //

=tj;]rp`;e kp];;Nug;Nah ek cf;jpk; mjPk`p /

aJf;ja]; j;uaPfz;Nl ahe;jp kq;fs ]Pj;ujhk; //

thopj;jpUehkk;

rPuhUe;jpUg;gjpfs; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa

njd;duq;fh; rPuUisr; NrUktd; thopNa
ghuU nkjpuhrh; gjk; gzpe;Njhd; thopNa
ghbaj;jpDl;nghUisg; gfUktd; thopNa
ehuazd; rkak; ehl;bdhd; thopNa
ehYuhd; jdf;F Kj;jp ey;fpdhd; thopNa
VuhUe; ijapyj;jj; jpq;F te;jhd; thopNa
vopy; $uj;jho;thd; jd;dpizabfs; thopNa.

nghUs;tphpf;Fk; vjpuhrh; nghd;dbNahd; thopNa

nghd;tl;by;jid vhpe;j GfOilNahd; thopNa
kUs;tphpf;Fk; Kf;Fwk;ig khw;wte;Njhd; thopNa
kah;twNt nka;Q;Qhdk; tpsq;fpLNthd; thopNa
,Us;tphpf;Fk; rptnkjphpl;L vOj;jpl;Nlhd; thopNa
Vjkw vt;Taph;f;Fk; ,jkspj;N;jhd; thopNa
mUs;tphpf;Fk; muq;fj;jhd; mb ,izNahd; thopNa
mofhUk; $uj;jho;thd; mbapizfs; thopNa.

,tiu Nghw;Wk; ghRuk; - ,uhkhErEhw;we;jhjp - 7 ghRuk;

nkhopiaf;flf;Fk; ngUk; Gfhohd; . tQ;rKf;FWk;ghk;
Fopiaf;flf;Fk; ek;$uj;jho;thd; ruz;$bagpd;
gopiaf;flj;J kpuhkhErd; Gfo;ghbay;yh topiaf;flj;jy;
vdf;fpdpahJk; tUj;jkd;Nw.

FUguk;giu tp\akhf ,th; mUspa jdpad;

yr\;kPehj ]khuk;ghk; ehjahKe kj;akhk;

m];kjhrhh;a gh;ae;jhk; te;Nj FUguk;guk;;
vk;ngUkhdhh; tp\akhf ,th; mUspa jdpad;

Nah epj;akr;Aj gjhk;G[ Af;k Uf;k

t;ahNkh`j]; jjpjuhzp j;Uzha NkNe
m];kj; FNuhh; gftNjh];a jiaf ]pe;Njh:
uhkhE[];a runzs ]uzk; g;ugj;Na.

nghpa jpUnkhop jdpad;

neQ;Rf;fpUs;fbjPgk; mlq;fhneLk;;gpwtp
eQ;Rf;F ey;ytKjk;. jkpo;ed;Dhy; Jiwfs;
mQ;Rf;fpyf;fpak; Muzrhuk;. gurkag;
gQ;Rf;fdypd; nghwp. gufhyd; gDty;fNs.

,th; jpUehkq;fs; - =tj;]hq;fh;, $uj;jho;thd;, $Nu]h;, $uhjpgh;,

$uhjpgjp, $uehjh;, =tj;]rp`;eh;,
Njtpahh; - Mz;lhs;
jpUf;Fkhuh;fs; - nghpagl;lh;, =uhkg;gps;is
Mtjhu];jyk; - $uk;
Mrhupad; - vk;ngUkhdhh;
,th; nra;jUspd f;ue;jq;fs; - tujuh[];jtk;, ]{e;ju gh`{];jtk;,
mjpkhD\];jtk;, =itFz;l];jtk;, =];jtk;, akfuj;ehfuk;, fj;aj;ua
t;ahf;ahdk;.
vk;ngUkhdhUf;F ]NfhjuUkha;, gtpj;uKkhapUg;gh;.
rp\;ah;fs; - gl;lh;, gps;isg;gps;isaho;thd;, jpUtuq;fj;jKjdhh;, ehYuhd;

Kf;FWk;ig mWj;jth;

fy;tpr;nrUf;F, nry;tr;nrUf;F, Fyr;nrUf;F vd;w ,k;Kd;W m`q;fhuq;fs;

kpff;nfhbait; ,tw;iwf; flj;jy; Mh;f;Fk; mhpJ; ,tw;iw fle;jth; vd;Dk;
Vw;wk; Mo;thd; xutUf;Nf nghUe;Jk; vd;gJ vk;ngUkhdhh; fhyj;jpNyNa
g;u]pj;jkha;apUe;jJ. ehKk; ,tiug; Nghy; tho Kaw;rpg;Nghk;.

$uj;jho;thd; vd;w jpUehkk; Vw;gl;l tpjk;

,th; gftj;tp\aj;jpy; kpfTk; cUf;fk; cilath;. ,th; jd; rp\;ah;fSf;F

jpUtha;nkhop t;ahf;ahd fhyNr\gk; nra;thh;. Kjy; ghRuk; `cah;tw
cah;eyKilatd;’ vd;W vLj;j vLg;gpNyNa `]fy fy;ahz Fzq;fSk;
epuk;gg; ngw;wtd; vk;ngUkhd;’ vd;W vk;ngUkhdpd; fy;ahz Fzq;fis
tpthpf;Fk; nghONj %h;r;irahfptpl;lhh;. ,jidahpe;j vk;ngUkhdhh;, ,thplk;
te;J, ,th; KJifj; jl;b, `Mo;thd;, Mo;thd;’
vd;W $g;gpl;lhh;. ,th; Nkh`hk; njspe;J vOe;jhh;. mJKjy; ,tUf;F Mo;thd;
vd;w jpUehkk; Vw;gl;lJ.
Mo;thDk; gps;isg;gps;isaho;thDk; - ghftjhgrhuk; gz;zf;$lhJ

Mo;thDila rp\;ah;fspy; gps;isg;gps;isaho;thDk; xUth;. mth; cah;Fbapy;

gpwe;J tpj;thdha; ,Ue;jhh;. mjdhy; te;j fh;tj;jpdhy; tpeakpd;wpg;
gukghftjhplj;Jk; RLnrhy; Ngrp ghftjhgrhug; gLtijNa ,ay;ghff;
nfhz;bUe;jhh;. ,ijawpe;j Mo;thd; mtiuj; jpUj;jp gzpnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;
vd;W vz;zp xU Gz;zpajpdj;jd;W me;j rp\;ah; jPh;j;jkhbf;fiuNawpd
mstpNy mthplk; nrd;W `,d;W Gz;afhyk; mtuth; ]f;jpf;Nfw;wfb jhdk;
nra;ahyhk;. ekf;F xUjhdk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;` vd;W Nfl;lhh;. rp\;aUk; ];thkp
vij tpUk;gpdhYk; mij jhdkhfj;ju ]pj;jkhf cs;Nsd;` vd;W nrhy;y,
Mo;thDk,; `kzk;, nkhop, nka; ,it vjdhYk; ghftj mgrhuk; gz;zhky;
thof;flNtd;` vd;W ek; ifapy; ePh; thh;j;J jhdk; gz;zpf; nfhLk;` vd;W
Ntz;l, mtUk; mg;gbNa vd;W cjfjhdk; gz;zpj;je;jhh;. MdhYk;
gof;fNjh\k; fhuzkhf xUehs; xU ghftjhplk; mgrhug;gl Neh;e;jJ. mg;gb
Neh;e;JtplNt Mrhh;aDf;F gz;zpajhdj;ij epide;J kpfTk;
tUe;jp Mrhhpad; jpUkhspiff;F nry;ytpy;iy. rpyehl;fs; ,th;
tuhjijf;fz;LMo;thd; mth; ,y;yk; nrd;W fhuzj;ij tpdtpdhh;. mjw;F
gps;isg;gps;isaho;thDk; `xUthplk; ghftj mgruhg;gl;Nld;` vd;W ck;kplk;
]j;jpak; gz;zpf;nfhLj;Jk;, mbNadhy; kdk;, nkhop, nka; ,k;Kd;whYk;
ghftjh;fsplk; mgrhuk; glhkypUf;f ,aytpy;iy’ vd;W $wpdhh;. ,r;nraiy
kd;dpj;J Mo;thd; mtiu kdk; Njw;wpdhh;.
kpd;dpd; epiyapy kd;Dapuf;iffs;

Mo;thd; jhNk jkJ Fkhuh;fSf;F jpUtha;nkhop KjyhdmUspr;nray;fisAk;

nghUisAk; vLj;Jiuj;jhh;. ` vz; ngUf;fe; eyj;J’ vd;w ghRuj;jpd;
mh;j;jj;ij tpsf;Fifapy; jpUke;j;uhh;j;jj;ij nrhy;y Newpl;lJ.
jpUke;j;uhh;j;jj;ij Mrhhpad; vk;ghhplk; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;Sq;fs; vd;W
njhptpj;jhh;. Mdhy; clNd `kpd;dpd; epiyapy kd;Dapuf;iffs;’ vd;w ghRuk;
epidTf;F tu, mLj;j epkplk; ePq;fs; capUld; ,Ug;gPh;fs; vd;gJ
epiyapy;iy Mjyhy; ,g;NghNj ,r;rPhpa nghUisf;Nfl;L eydilAq;fs; vd;W
Mo;thd; gps;isfSf;F jpUke;j;uhh;j;jj;ij cgNjrk; nra;jhh;.
nghpangUkhs; Mo;thDf;Fk; mth; ]k;ge;jKilahUf;Fk; Nky;tPL
mspj;jy;

Mo;thd; ]k;]huj;jpy; ,Ug;Gf;nfhs;shky; `mbNaid jpUehL Vwg;Nghk;gb

jpUs;skhf NtZk;’ vd;W nghpangUkhsplk; tpz;zg;gk; nra;jhh;. `ckf;Fk;
ckJ ]k;ge;jKilahUf;Fk; ekJ tPL je;Njhk;;’ vd;W ngUkhs; mUspdhh;.
vk;ngUkhdhh; ,J mwpe;J jkf;Fk; ngUtPL epr;rak; vd;W kfpo;e;J kWepkplNk
jpUtuq;fg;ngUkhs; miuah; jpUkhspifapy; Mo;thd; ,Ug;gJ mwpe;J mq;F
nrd;whh;. Mo;thdplk; ` Vd; ,g;gb’ vd;W Nfl;f, mjw;F Mo;thd;, mbNad;
]k;]huj;jpd; mbf;nfhjpg;ghy; Mrhhpaidg; gphpaNtZk; vd;gijAk; kwe;J
ngUkhsplk; Nky;tPL jUk;gbNfl;ljhfr; nrhd;dhh;.

Mo;thd; ehs;ghl;L

kl;ltpOk; nghopy;#o; FUNfrh; kiwj;jkpo; tho;e;jpLehs;

kz;Zyfpy; =gh\;ak; tpsq;fpl te;J gpwe;jth; ehs;
vl;L kpuz;L kpire;j RNyhf kpirj;jpl te;jth; ehs;
,y;iynadr; rptnkd;Nw najphpl; nlOj;jpl te;jth; ehs;
Jl;l Fjph;l;bfs; khapfs; tho;itj; Jzpj;jpl te;jth; ehs;
#hpaG+kpauhhpa nud;W Jjpj;jpl te;jth; ehs;
ml;l jpirf;Fk; epiwe;j Gfo;e;jzh;tho $uj;jho;thd;
te;jUspa ijapy; tpsq;fpL mj;jkJ ed;dhNs.
(mj;jknjD ehNs vd;gJk; ghlk;)
=<r;rk;ghb Mr;rhd; (nghpa jpUkiyek;gpapd; jpUg;Ngud;)

thopj;jpUehkk;

VuhUk; ijaj;jk; ,q;Fjpj;jhd; thopNa

Re;jNurd; jpUkfdha;j; Jyq;Fktd; thopNa
ghh;GfOk; ajpuh[d; gjk;gzpNthd; thopNa
rPuhUk; Ntq;flj;jpy; jpfOktd; thopNa
ghh;kfpOk; ghbaj;ijg; gfUktd; thopNa
cj;jkkhk; Fykjdpy; cjpj;jgpuhd; thopNa
njhz;lh;Fohk; fz;Lff;Fk; njhy;GfNohd; thopNa
ey; <r;rk;ghb tho; ek;khr;rhd; thopNa.

jputtjhu];jyk; - jpUkiyf;F mUfpYs;s <r;rk;ghb vd;Dk; mf;fpu`uk;

jpUehkk; - =dpthrhrhhpah;, <r;rk;ghb Mr;rhd;
jpUj;jhahh; - nghpa jpUkiyek;gpapd; Fkhuj;jp
jpUj;jfg;gdhh; - =mofg;gpuhd; vd;fpw =Re;juNjrpfd; (,tUf;F
jpUkhypUQ;Nrhiy jh]h; vd;fpw jh];a ehkk; cz;L)
,isarNfhjuhh; - <r;rk;ghb [Pah; (=Ntq;fNlrd;)
,th; vk;ngUkhdhh; Vw;gLj;jpa 74 rp;k;khrehjpgjpfspy; xUth; Mthh;.
=mofg;gpuhd; vd;fpw =Re;juNjrpfd; itgr;RUf;fk;

<r;rk;ghb Mr;rhdpd; itgj;ij mDgtpf;Fk;NghJ mtUila jpUj;jfg;gdhh;

jpUkiy <r;rk;ghb =mofg;gpuhd; vd;fpw =Re;juNjrpfd; ];thkpiag; gw;wpAk;
mtUila ,isa rfNjhuh; <r;rk;ghb [Paiug;gw;wpAk; rpy tp\aq;fis ,q;Nf
mDgtpg;Nghk;.

=Mste;jhh; =ghjj;J Kjypfshd 20 jpUehkq;fspy; xUtuhAk;

=Mste;jhuhy; jpUkhypUQ;Nrhiy jh]h; vd;Dk; jh];a ehkk; rhj;jg;gl;l
=mofg;gpuhd; vd;fpw =Re;juNjrpfd; Gul;lhrp khjj;jpy; ];thjp el;rj;jpuj;jpy;
jpUkiyf;F rkPgj;jpy; cs;s <r;rk;ghb vd;Dk; mf;fpufhuj;jpy; mtjhpj;jhh;.
,t;tofg;gpuhd; rfy tpj;iafisAk; fhyf;fuNkz mg;a]pj;jUspdhh;.
,f;Fkhuiuf; fz;L cfe;j nghpa jpUkiy ek;gp jd; Fkhuj;jpiaf;
nfhLg;gjhfr; nrhy;y, mij cfe;J ,th; jpUj;jfg;gdhh; =dpthrhhpaUk; jk;
Fkhuhh; Re;juNjrpfDf;F jpUf;fy;ahzk; nra;jUspdhh;.

gpwF jpUj;jfg;gdhh; epakdj;jpdhy; Mste;jhiu Mr;uapj;jhh;. Mste;jhh;

,tUf;F gQ;r ]k;];fhuq;fs; nra;J jpUke;j;uk;, j;tak;, rukr;Nrhyfk; Kjypa
u`];ahh;j;jq;fs;, Ntj Ntjhuhj;jq;fs;, ]fy Guhz, ,jp`h]q;fs;, jpt;a
g;uge;jq;fs; Kjyhd f;ue;jq;fis cgNjrpj;jhh;.

Mrhh;auhd aKidj;JiwtiuNa jkf;F vy;yhkhff;nfhz;L, mthplj;jpNyNa

rfy mbikfSk; nra;J nfhz;L ,Ue;jhh;. me;j fhyfl;lj;jpy;;, Mste;jhh;
,tiu mioj;J jpUNtq;flnkd;Dk; jpUg;gjpapy; jpUkQ;rdk;, jpUj;Joha;,
G\;gk;, rhj;Jg;gb, J}gjPgk;, Ntjghuhazk;, ke;juG\;gk;, Guhzk; Kjypa
]fy ifq;fh;aq;fisAk; ePUk; nghpa jpUkiy ek;gpiag; Nghy;
jpUNtq;flj;jhDf;F nra;J nfhz;L NghUk; vd;W epakpj;jhh;.

jpUkiyapy; nrz;gfg; gpuhfhuj;jpy; jr\pzghfj;jpy; (njw;Fg; ghfj;jpy;) xU

G+tythgp vLj;J me;j $gj;jpw;Fj; jk;Kila jpUehkj;ijr; rhj;jp (]{e;ju
$gk;), me;j $gj;jpypUe;J ngUkhSf;Fj; jpUkQ;rdk; epj;ak; rkh;gpj;Jf;
nfhz;L ,Ue;jhh;. ,g;NghJk; me;j ]{e;ju $gj;jpy; ,Ue;J jpUNtq;flj;jhd;
jpUthuhjdk; fz;L mUSfpwhh;.

,t;tofg;gpuhd; jpUkiyapy; ];thkp G\;fuzpf;fiuapy; jpUkiy ek;gpfs;

jpUkhspifg; gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J nfhz;L ]e;epjp g;uhfhu ntspapy; mNdf
jpUee;jtdq;fspd; eLNt jhKk; Xh; cj;ahdtdk; nra;J, me;j Njhl;lj;jpw;F
jk;Kila jpUehkkhd jpUkhypUQ;Nrhiy jh]h; vd;Dk; Ngh;
rhj;jp me;j Njhl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J gytpj G\;gq;;fs;, jpUj;Joha;, jtdk;, kUF
Kjyhd khiyfSk; kiyag;gDf;F epj;ak; ]kh;g;gpj;Jf; nfhz;L ,Ue;jhh;.
jpUthuhjd fhyj;jpy; thrpf ifq;fh;akhd jpUg;gy;yhz;L ghLif,
Ntjghuhazk;, ke;jpuG\;gk; Kjyhd ]fy ifq;fh;aq;fspYk; me;tapj;J
vOe;jUspapUe;jhh;.
vk;ngUkhdhUf;F FU MFjy;

me;jr;rkaj;jpy; ek; ,uhkhErd; xU fhy; jpUNtq;fl ahj;jpiu nrd;wNghJ

nghpa jpUkiy ek;gpapd; epakdj;jhy; ]{e;ju Njrpfhplj;jpy; jhgePNPah
cgep\j;ijAk; e;U]pk;` ke;jpuk; KjypaditfisAk; Nfl;L mwpe;jhh;.
,e;jf; fhuzj;jhy; ]{e;ju Njrpfh; ,uhkhErUf;Fk; FUthf tpsq;fpdhh;.

<r;rk;ghb Mr;rhDk; <r;rk;ghb [PaUk;

,t;thW ,th; jpUkiyapy; kiyag;gDf;F ifq;fh;aq;fs; gz;zpf;nfhz;L

NghFk; fhyj;jpy;, xU Fkhuh; ij khjk; `];j elrj;jpuj;jpy; mtjhpj;jhh;.
mtUf;F Mr;rhd; =dpth]hrhhpah; vd;w jpUehkk; rhj;jpdhh;. mjw;F gpwF
ehiye;J tU\k; fopj;J kw;nwhU Fkhuh; Mdp khjk; jpUNthz el;rj;jpuj;jpy;
mtjhpj;jhh;. mtUf;F =Ntq;fNlrd; vd;w jpUehkk; rhj;jpdhh;.

,t;tofg;gpuhd; ,t;tpU Fkuhh;fSf;Fk; fhyf;fuNkz me;je;jf; fhyq;fspy;

rh];jputpjpg;gb nra;aNtz;baitfisr; nra;J, Ntj mj;aadk; Kjyhd
]fytpj;iafisAk; mg;a]pf;Fk;gb nra;jUspdhh;. ,j;jpUf;Fkhuh;fs; ]fy
tpj;iafspYk; ]kh;j;jh;fsha; tpsq;Fk; ]kaj;jpNy ,th;fisf; fz;L
cfe;J, ngz; tPl;lhh;fs; jk; fd;dpiffisf; nfhz;L nfhLf;f,
jpUj;jfg;gdhUk; kpf cfe;J 2 jpUf;Fkhuhh;fSf;Fk; jpUf;fy;ahz k`h
cj;]tj;ijAk; rh];jpu tpjpg;gb nra;jUspdhh;.

mde;juk; jpUf;Fkhuh;fs; ,y;yu tho;f;ifia elj;jpf; nfhz;L NghFk;

fhyj;jpy;, jpUj;jfg;gdhh; =mofg;gpuhd; jd; Fkhuh;fisf; flh\pj;J, ePq;fs;
,dp ek; ,uhkhE[d; jpUtbfis mile;J ca;k;kpd; vd;W epakpj;jhh;.
mg;gbNa ,th;fSk; ,uhkhE[d; jpUtbfis mile;J jpUke;j;u j;t;a
ruk];Nyhfhh;j;jq;fisAk;, cgep\j; mh;j;jq;fisAk;, =gh\;ak;, jpt;a g;uge;j
mh;j;jq;fisAk;, ]fy ,jpf`h] rh];jpuGuhz t;ahf;ad jh;f;f kPkhk;]hjp
rh];jpuq;fisAk;, Mste;jhh; rhjpj;j f;ue;jq;fisAk; kw;WKs;s
f;ue;jq;fisAk; nfl;L mwpe;jdh;. ,uhkhE[idNa vy;yh cwTkhfg; ngw;W
rfy mbikfSk; nra;J tho;e;J te;jdh;. ,th;fs; ,UtUk; vk;ngUkhdhh;
Vw;gLj;jpa 74 rpk;khrdhjgjpfspy; jiyth;fshAk; vOe;jUsp ,Ue;jhh;fs;. rpy
fhyj;jpw;F gpwF ,uz;lhtJ jpUf;Fkhuh; =Ntq;fNlrh; [;Qhdgf;jp tpuf;jp
Af;juha; ajpuhrhplj;jpy; ]e;ahr M];uk ];tPfhuk; ngw;W mJKjy; <r;rk;ghb
[Pah; vd;W ngah; rhw;wg; ngw;W tpsq;fpdhh;. kpfTk; ep\;ilAld; mjptpuf;juha;
rp\;ah;fSf;F =gh\;ak;, jpt;a g;uge;jq;fSf;F mh;j;jq;fis rhjpj;Jf;
nfhz;L tho;e;J te;jhh;. (NkNy Fwpg;gpl;lJ Gj;J}h; ];thkp ntspapl;L cs;s
Mrhh;a itgtkQ;[hp vd;w E}ypy; ,Ue;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ)

=$uj;jho;thd;, =<r;rk;ghb Mr;rhd; jpUtbfNs ruzk;.

thrpf Njh\: r\e;jt;a:

 =:
=kNj uhkhE[ha ek:
=KLk;ig G+h;zha ek:
=kj; tutuKeNa ek:
=kj; tujFUNt ek:

<r;rk;ghb Mr;rhd; - ij `];jk; - jdpad;

1. = gh\;afhu ajpty;yg jj;j gQ;r
]k;];fhu gh\;a gftj; tp\ahjp fk;r
=]{e;jNur FUyg;j u`];a ke;j;uk;
= =epth] FUth;a k`k; g;ugj;Na.

2. =nfsz;be;a Fyhj;hp Nrfutu

=]{e;jNurh j;k[k;
=uhkhE[ ghjgj;k AfsP
eph;Nty eph;Ntrdk;
jpf; je;jhts Fk;gkj;a tpy]e;
Kf;jh ]uhlk; gu
g;nusNlhjhu ar];fuk; FUtuk;
= =epth]k; gN[.

3. =]{e;jNur FUth;a ]Kj;gtha

j];khj thg;j rpjrpj;g;u tpNghjeha
nfsz;beatk;r fyNrhjjp nfs];Jgha
= =epth] FuNt fyNa g;uzhkhe;.

<r;rk;ghb [Pah; - Mdp jpUNthzk; - jdpad;

cghj;j rukhr;ukk; ajpGue;jhuh jpe;jpuh
epth] FU G+h;t[k; ajptuk; ]jh]k; r;uNa
mrk;ry j;UfQ;ry j;Ubj ]h;t Jh;th]eh
fjhq;Fu tpf];tuk; ep[Fyh gp[hj t;u[k;
G+Nahgp g;uzkhkpjk; rkjk g;uf;Qhjp uj;ehfuk;
=uhkhE[ Nahfpth;a fUzh tpr;uhzp jhe;j;ahஶ;ukk;
Fh;thzk; ep[ghj gf;j [ejhk; eph;thz ]k;gj; fhPk;
<r;rk;ghb Kepk; k`he;jk efk; g;uhg;iaf ghuhgzk;
= Re;juNjrpfd; (mofg;gpuhd;) jdpad; / ];Nyhfk; -
Gul;lhrp ];thjp
1.=kj; ]{e;ju uh[hf;a: =epth] GNuh`pj:
=epth]]{j: =khe; r;NuaN] Nk];J G+aN].

2.a];jhg ePNahgep\j; g;ujhehj; ajPr;th];ahgp FUh; gG+t

nfsz;b e;atk;rhg;jp fshepjpkjk; =]{e;jNurk; rpu]h g[hk:

3.ehu]pk;k kEjhd Njh\pNjh uhk N]hju Keph;eee;jak;

jhj ]k;a Fgjp\;l kpj;aKk; ]{e;jNur FUth;a khr;uNa

4.a: =epth]hya rk;gfhf;a g;uhfhu gh;ae;ju j pzhk;Nr

];tehkj: $gtuk; rfhu a];jk;FUk; ]{e;ju uh[kPNl

5.=jhgepNah gep\j; u`];ak; NaNehgjp\;lk; akpehk; tuha

=Ntq;flhjPr GNuhj ]k;r gN[kjk; =fu ]{e;jNurk;

6.=Ntq;fNlrhry rk;gfhf;a g;uhfhukj;Na ep[fh e$gk;

Muhj ehahq;fpj khj;k ehk;eh gN[kjk; =fu ]{e;jNurk;

7.=kj;ahKe Nahfpe: gjAfk; g;uhg;jk; guk; ]hjek;

jj;fhUz;a flh yg;j ]fy j;uhae;j tpj;ah epjpk;
gj;Nk r];a GNuhf]k; G[fuhl; G+kp ju ];thkpe:
nfsz;be; ahe;ta G+\zk; FUtuk; =]{e;jNurk; gN[

8.= ]{e;juhrhh;a tNuhg jp\;l = jhgePNah gep\j; u`];ak;

= ke; jk];kj; FyNjrpfk; jk; = gh\;a fhuk; ajpuh[ kPNl
(= gh\pafhuh; tp\ak; ,e;j xUr;Nyhfk;)

= Re;juNjrpfd;, <r;rk;ghb Mr;rhd;, <r;rk;ghb [Pah;

jpUtbfNs ruzk;.
 =:
=kNj uhkhD[ha:
=KLk;ig G+h;zha ek:
=kj; tutuKeNa ek:
=kj; tuj FuNt ek:

= KLk;ig ek;gp vd;fpw = tujhrhhpah; ];thkp – tU\ jpUel;rj;jpuk;

ij - `];jk;
jdpad;fs;
jpUel;rj;jpu jdpad;

uhkhE[ KNe: rp\;ak; =tj;]hq;fpj ]{g;hpak; /

kfNu `];jhtjPh;zk; thj;];ak; tujkhr;uNa //

epj;a jdpad;fs;

=uhkhE[ ]k;akPe;j;uruzk; =tj;] rp`;e g;hpak;

N]Nt`k; tujhh;a ehkfkKk; ]{f;j;ah g;u]pj;jk; Kjh /
Mghy;ahj; ghpG+h;z Nghj rl[pj; fhjhEuhNfh[;tyk;
thj;];ak; G+h;zk; cjhuk; Mr;hpjepjpk; thj;]y;a uj;dhfuk; //

=uhkhE[ NahfPe;j;u gjgq;f[ \l;gjk; /

KLk;ig G+h;zkefk; te;Nj tuj]k;f;Qfk; //

=kj; uhkhErhh;a =ghjhg;[ kJt;ujk; /

=tj;]G+h;zkefk; te;Nj tuj]k;f;Qfk; / /

rPh;
thop KLk;ig tujhhpad;jd; kyubfs;
thopatd; jpUehkk; tha;nkhopfs; - thopNa
ve;ij vjpuhrKdp ,d;dUshy; vopy;khwd;
njd;jkpo;E}y; njspe;Jiuf;Fk; rPh;.
thopj;jpUehkk;
vj;jpirAk; Gfo;KLk;igf;F ,iwtdhh; thopNa
vOgj;Jehypy; xUtuha; ,yq;Fktd; thopNa
cj;jkdhk; Mo;thDf;F cfg;GilNahd; thopNa
xsph;kfpo; khwd; kiwf;F cUFktd; thopNa
mj;jpfphp mUshsh;jk; mbgzpNthd; thopNa
mbath;f;F Moprq;fk; mspj;jUs;Nthd; thopNa
Rj;jKil ijapyj;jk; Njhd;wpdhd; thopNa
njhy;Gfo; tujhhpad; jd; Jizg;gjq;fs; thopNa.
tbtoF
vjpuhrd; mbgzpAk; vopy;Kb kpfthop
,dpanre;jpUKf kz;lyKk; thop
gjpthd ehkkzp ed;DjYk; thop
ghbaKk; jkpo;kiwAk; gfh;ehTk; thop
rjpuhd tisf;fOj;Jk; jpUkhh;Gk; thop
rhw;wpa ntz;GhpE}Yk; khiyfSk; thop
fjpahd KLk;igek;gp foy;fspuz;L KlNd
fUiz khNehf;Fk; fuKk; CopCop thopNa.

njhq;fy;
Njrpfh;fs; thoj; jpUg;gjpfs; jhk; tho
gh\paKld; jkpo; kiwAk; tho – khrpy;Gfo;
kd;D KLk;ig efh; te;j tujhhpaNd
,d;DnkhU E}w;whz;bUk;.

NkNy cs;s jdpad;fs;, rPh;, thopj;jpUehkk;, tbtoF, kw;Wk;

njhq;fiy mbNaDf;F nfhLj;J cjtpa Mo;thh; jpUefhp
Mj;jhd; tlf;Fj;jpUkhspif = c.Nt.fz;zd; Ntq;fl
tujhrhhpahh; ];thkpf;Fk; kw;Wk; Mo;thh; jpUefhp = c.Nt
Nfhtpe;jd; ];thkpf;Fk; mbNad; ed;wpiaj; njhptpj;Jf;
nfhs;fpNwd;.

jpUehkk; - tujhrhhpah;
mtjhu];jyk; - KLk;ig : Nfhj;uk; - =tj;]Nfhj;uk;
,th; vk;ngUkhdhhpd; xU rNfhjhpapd; fzth; Mthh;
jpUf;Fkhuh; - uhkhE[ ek;gp
vk;ngUkhdhh; Vw;gLj;jpa 74 rpk;khrdhjpgjpfspy; ,tUk; xUth;
Mthh;.
KLk;ig ek;gp tk;]j;jpd; ngUik

=KLk;ig ek;gp fhQ;rpGuj;Jf;fUfpy; KLk;ig vd;Dk;

mf;u`huj;jpy; =tj;] Nfhj;uj;jpy; mtjhpj;jhh;. ,tUila
,aw;ngah; =tujhrhhpah;. ,th; vk;ngUkhdhhpd; xU rNfhjhpapd;
fzth;. ,th; ghy;aj;jpypUe;Nj k`hQhdpahfTk;, Mo;thh;fs;
mUspr;nray;fspy; Mo;e;j QhdKk; <LghLk; cilatuhfTk;,
g;u]pj;jkhd gz;bjuhfTk;, cjhuuhfTk;, thj;]y;aghpG+h;zuhAk;,
Njh\kw;wtuhfTk; ,Ue;jhh;. Nj`]k;ge;jj;NjhL kl;Lky;yhJ,
Mj;k]k;ge;jKk; NtZnkd;W vk;ngUkhdhh; jpUtbfspy;
Mr;uapj;jhh;. ajpuh[hpd; jpUtbj;jhkiufspNyNa Rw;wp tUk;
tz;L Nghd;wth;. $uj;jho;thdpd; g;hpaj;Jf;Fg; ghj;ukhdth;. ey;y
Qhd mD\;lhdq;fis cilath;. nfsutk; Njhw;w KLk;ig
ek;gp vd;Nw vy;NyhuhYk; miof;fg;gl;lhh;.

vk;ngUkhdhh; KLk;ig ek;gpia rJ];]g;jjpfspy; (74

rpk;khrdhjpgjpfspy;) xUtuhf epakpj;jy;

Xuhz; topahf te;j FUguk;giuapd; eLehafuj;dkhd

=cilath; xU rkak; tPuehuhazGuk; vOe;jUspdhh;. mq;Fs;s
nghpa Vhpapd; 74 kjFfs; topahfg; ghAk; ePuhdJ. Rw;wpAs;s
mj;jid g;uNjrq;fisAk; tsq;nfhopf;fr; nra;tijg; ghh;j;jhh;.
ek; ]k;g;ujhaKk; ,Nj Nghy; nropj;Njhq;fpg; ngUfp [dq;fis
tho;tpf;f NtZk; vd;W jpUTs;sk; gw;wpdhh;. Mapuf;fzf;fhd jk;
rp\;ah;fspNy, g;ujhd 74 rp\;ah;fisj; Njh;e;njLj;jUsp, mth;fs;
%yk; kf;fsplj;jpy; Qhdk;, mD\;lhdk;, gf;jp, ituhf;ak;, g;hPjp,
ifq;fh;ag; gaph;fis tsh;j;jpl rq;fy;gk; nra;jhh;. vk;ngUkhdhh;
jh;rdj;jpy; ghUyfpy; MirAilNahh;f;nfy;yhk; gQ;r]k;];fhuk;
nra;J, mth;fis it\;zth;fshf;fp, mth;fSf;F cgNjrk;;
nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj ,e;j ]pk;`h]ehjpgjpfSf;F cilath;
,l;l gzpahFk;. KLk;ig ek;gpiaAk; (]N`hjhpapd; gh;j;jh)
,th;fSs; xUtuhf epakpj;jhh;. ,th;fNs rJ];]g;jjp
]pk;`h]ehjpgjpfs; vdg;gLth;. ,e;j Mrhh;ah;fspd;
jpUtk;rj;jth;fNs Mrhh;aGU\h;fs; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;wdh;.
KLk;ig ek;gpapd; tk;rj;jhiug; gw;wpa xU rpW Fwpg;G
,th; jpUf;Fkhuh; =uhkhE[ ek;gp. Kjypahz;lhd; NghNy
vk;ngUkhDUf;F =uhkhE[ ek;gpAk; kUkhd; Mthh;. ,th; jdpad;
fPNo tUkhW :

gh\;af;Uj; ghfpNeNahn]s gtre;jhg rhe;jNa /

tujhh;ahj;kN[h];khfk; G+ahj; uhkhE[h`;ta //
=uhkhE[ ek;gpapd; Fkhuh; KLk;igahz;lhd; (jhrujp). ,th;
KLk;igapypUe;J =uq;fj;jpw;F Fbngah;e;jhh; vd;gij
=uq;fth]g;hpak; vd;w ,th; jdpadpypUe;J mwpayhk;. ,th;
Fkhuh; Njtg;ngUkhs; vd;Dk; tujhh;ah;. ,th; Fkhuh;
,isaho;thh; vd;Dk; y�;kzhrhhpah;.
,isaho;thUf;F ,uz;L jpUf;Fkhuh;fs;. mth;fspy; xUth;
f;U\;zghjFU vd;Dk; tlf;Fj; jpUtPjpg;gps;is. ,th;
ek;gps;isapd; fhyN�g Nfh\;bapy; g;ujhd rp\;ah;fshapUe;j
,U f;U\;zkhrhh;ah;fspy; xUth;. (kw;wth; jpUehkk;
nghpathr;rhd; gps;is. ,th; tpahf;fpahd rf;futh;j;jp vd;W
cyfk; Nghw;WkhW ehyhapuk; ghRuq;fSf;Fk; tpahf;fpahdk;
vOjp cgfhpj;jhh;. ek;gps;isapd; epakdg;gb jpUtha;nkhopf;F
,Ugj;Jehyhapug;gb vd;w tpahf;fpahdk; mUspdhh;). ,th;
tlf;Fj; jpUtPjpg;gps;is vd;Nw g;u]pj;jh;. ,e;j ehlwpa khwd;
kiwg;nghUis <L Kg;gj;jhwhapug;gbahf g;urhjpj;jth;.
jpUtha;nkhopiaf; fhj;j Fzthsh;. ,th; Mrhh;a ]k;kjp vd;w
f;ue;jKk; mUspr; nra;jhh;. ,th; nghpathr;rhd; gps;isiatpl
%d;W khjq;fNs tajpy; %j;jth;.
tlf;Fj; jpUtPjpg;gps;isf;F Fkhuh;fs; ,Uth;. Kj;jth; =gps;is
Nyhfhrhhpah;. ,th; Gfo;ngw;w m\;lhjr u`];aq;fis
mUspr;nra;J g;ukhzq;fisf;; fhj;jNjhL, JU\;ff; fyhgj;jpy;
ek;ngUkhis =uq;fj;jpdpd;Wk; vOe;jUsg;gz;zp, g;uNkaj;ijAk;
fhj;jUspdhh;. ,th; jpUj;jk;gpahh; mofpa kzthsg; ngUkhs;
ehadhh;. ,th; jpUg;ghitf;F Mwhapug;gb, jpUtpUj;jj;jpw;F
Mwhapug;gb, jpUg;gy;yhz;L t;ahf;aheq;fs;, Mrhh;a`;Ujak;,
mUspr; nray; u`];ak;, ruzhfjpkhiy, gl;Nlhiy Mfpait
mUspr; nra;jhh;. ,t;tpUtUk; ie\;bf g;uk;rhhpfshapUe;J
tpl;ldh;. ,isaho;thhpd; kw;nwhU Fkhuh; tujhrhhpah;. ,th;
Fkhuh; uhkhE[FU. ,th; Fkhuh; mofg;gq;fhh;. ,th; Fkhuh;
NguUshs ];thkp vd;fpw Njtuh[ FU. ,th; Fkhuh; =uhkhE[k;
gps;is, Mj;jhd; ];thkpapd; jpUj;jfg;gdhh;.
KLk;ig tk;rj;jpd; jd;Ndw;wk;
khKdpfs; cgNjruj;jpdkhiyapy; KLk;ig tk;rj;jpd;
ngUikia fPo;f;fz;l ghRuj;jpy; njhptpj;Js;shh;. (53Mk; ghRuk;)
md;dGfo;KLk;ig az;zYyfhrphpad;
,d;dUshy; nra;jfiy ahitapYk; - cd;dpy;
jpfo;trdG+lzj;jpd; rPh;ik nahd;Wf;fpy;iy
Gfoytpt;thh;j;ij nkapg;NghJ.

ek;gp vd;w gjk; G+h;zh; vd;W nghUs; gLk;. Mrhh;ah;fSf;F ek;gp

vd;W Kjd; Kjypy; jpUehkk; ,l;lth; =kJutpfshth;. jkJ
Mrhh;auhd ek;kho;thiu FU$h; ek;gp vd;W Fwpg;gpl;lhh;.

kzthskhKdpfs; mUspr; nra;Js;s KK�{g;gb jdpad;fspy;

KLk;ig tk;rj;jpd; ngUikia Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. mitfis fPNo
mDgtpg;Nghk; :
thop Ayfhrphpad; thopatd; kd;DFyk;
thop KLk;ignad;D khefuk; - thop
kdQ;#o;e;j Nghpd;g ky;FkpF ey;yhh;
,dQ;#o;e; jpUf;F kpUg;G.
XJ KLk;ig Ayfh rphpadUs;
VJ kwthj ntk;ngUkhd; - ePjp
tOthr; rpWey;Y}h; khkiwNahd; ghje;
njhOthh;f;F thuh Jah;.
KLk;ig ek;gp tk;rj;jpy; mtjhpj;j gps;is Nyhfhrhh;aiu Nghw;wp
ciuf;Fk; ghRuj;ij fPNo mDgtpf;fyhk;.
thop cyfhrphpad; thopatd; kd;DFyk;
thop KLk;ig vd;Dk; khefuk; - thop
kdQ; #o;e;j Nghpd;g kpF ey;yhh;
,dQ; #o;e;jpUf;FkpUg;G.
tlf;Fj; jpUtPjpg;gps;is, gps;isNyhfhrhhpah;, mofpa kzthsg;
ngUkhs; ehadhh;, g;ujpthjp gaq;fuk; mz;zh, vWk;gpag;gh,
,uhkhE[k; gps;is, Mj;jhd; ];thkp MfpNahh; Klk;ig
tk;rj;jpy; mtjhpj;jth;fs;.
NkNy Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s tp\aq;fs; Mo;thh; jpUefhp =kjhj;jhd;
Nkyj;jpUkhspif rp\;a rig ntspapl;Ls;s E}ypy; ,Ue;Jk;,
Mj;jhd; =.c.Nt tujNjrpfhrhhpahh; ];thkp, fpoj;jpUkhspif,
\\;bag;jG+h;j;jp kyhpy; ,Ue;Jk; =.c.Nt fp.mg;gho;thh; njhFj;J
mUspa Mrhh;ah;fs; itgt RUf;fk; vd;Dk; E}ypy; ,Ue;Jk;
vLf;fg;gl;lJ.
g;ujpthjp gaq;fuk; mz;zh ];thkpapd; tk;r guk;giu
KLk;ig ek;gp
|
,uhkhD[ ek;gp
(Kjypahz;lhid NghNy vk;ngUkhdhUf;F ,tUk; kUkhd; Mthh;)
|
KLk;igahz;lhd; vd;Dk; jhrujp (=uq;fj;jpw;F Fbngah;e;jth;)
|
Njtg;ngUkhs; vd;Dk; tujhh;ah;
|
,isaho;thh; vd;Dk; y�;kzhrhh;ah;
| |
kd;dhuhrhh;ah; =fpU\;zghj FU vd;Dk;
| tlf;Fj;jpUtPjpg; gps;is
guhq;Fr ek;gp |
| gps;isNyhfhrhh;ah;
tpuf;jp =epth]hrhh;ah;; mofpa kzthsg;ngUkhs; ehadhh;
,th; ,uz;lhtJ Fkhuh;
|
mde;jhrhh;ah;
|
g;ujpthjp gaq;fuk; mz;zh(kzths khKdpfs; Vw;gLj;jpa m\;ljpf;
f[q;fspy; xUth;)
|
mz;zdg;gh mde;jhrhh;ah; mofpa kzthsg; ngUkhs;
,e;j tk;r guk;gih kpfTk; ePz;L cs;sjhy; ,tUf;F gpwF
mtjhpj;jth;fis gw;wpa tptuq;fis ,q;Nf nfhLf;f
Kbatpy;iy. NkYk; ,e;j jpUtk;rj;jhh;fs; gy jpt;a Njrq;fspy;
tho;e;J tUfpwhh;fs;. mth;fspd; tk;rguk;giuia ,q;Nf
nfhLg;gJ kpff; fbdk;. NkNy nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s tptuq;fs;
jpUehq;$h; itFe;j tpz;zfuk; g;ujpthjp gaq;fuk; mz;zh
rp\;a rig 1982Mk; tUl Mz;L kyhpy; ,Ue;J
vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
=kj; Mj;jhd; ];thkp tk;r guk;giu
KLk;ig ek;gp
|
uhkhD[ ek;gp
(Kjypahz;lhid NghNy vk;ngUkhdhUf;F ,tUk; kUkhd;
Mthh;)
|
KLk;igahz;lhd; vd;Dk; jhrujp
|
Njtg;ngUkhs; vd;Dk; tujhh;ah;
|
,isaho;thh; vd;Dk; y�;kzhrhh;ah;
| |
tujhrhh;ah; =fpU\;zghj FU vd;Dk;
| tlf;Fj;jpUtPjpg; gps;is
uhkhD[ FU |
1. gps;isNyhfhrhh;ah;
mofg;gq;fhh; 2.mofpa kzthsg;ngUkhs; ehadhh;
|
Njtuh[ FU (NguUshs ];thkp)
|
uhkhD[k; gps;is (kzths khKdpfs; rp\;ah; - ,th; xd;whd
thdkhkiy [Pah; ];thkpapd; m\;ljpf; f[q;fspy; xUth;)
|
Mj;jhd; ];thkp
|
Qhdj; jpU\;b mofg;gq;fhh; ];thkp
,e;j tk;r guk;gih kpfTk; ePz;L cs;sjhy; ,tUf;F gpwF
mtjhpj;jth;fis gw;wpa tptuq;fis ,q;Nf nfhLf;f
Kbatpy;iy. NkNy nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s tptuq;fs; =.c.Nt
fp.mg;gho;thh; njhFj;J mUspa Mrhh;ah;fs; itgt RUf;fk;
vd;Dk; E}ypy; ,Ue;Jk; vLf;fg;gl;lJ.
vWk;gpag;ghtpd; tk;r guk;giu mbNaDf;F fpilf;ftpy;iy.

,e;j ,U tk;r guk;giufisAk; cw;W Nehf;Fk; NghJ, ekf;F

xd;W GydhFk;. tlf;Fj; jpUtPjpg;gps;isapd; jpUj;jk;gpahh;
fhyj;jpw;F gpwF KLk;ig tk;rk; %d;W jpUtk;rq;fshf gphpe;J
Nghapw;W. mitahtd : g;ujpthjp gaq;fuk; mz;zh, vWk;gpag;gh,
Mj;jhd; tk;rk;.

kq;fshஶh]d giu: kjhrhh;a GNuhfik: /

]h;itஶ;r G+h;it uhrhh;ia: ]j;f;Ujhah];J kq;fsk; //

KLk;ig ek;gp jpUtbfNs ruzk;

thrpf Njh\: �e;jt;a:

 = :
=kNj uhkhD[ha ek: =kj; tutuKeNa ek:
=kj; tuj FuNt ek:

FUiff;fhtyg;gd; - tU\ jpUel;rj;jpuk; - ij - tprhfk;

jdpad;

k;UNf tp]hf ]k;G+jk; ehjnksep gjh=jk; /

[;Qhe Nahfhjp ]k;ge;jk; FUfhj;a r\kh];uNa //

ehjnksep gjh]f;jk; [;QheNahfhjp ]k;gjk; /

FUfhjpg NahfPe;j;uk; ekhkp ]pu]h ]jh //

Mrhhpad; - =ke;ehjKdpfs;
jpUttjhu ];jyk; - jpUf;FU$h;
GU\hfhuh; - Gz;lhPfhr\h;
,Ug;gplk; - =ke;ehjKdpfSila jpUg;gs;sp. mJ md;W Kjyhfr; Nrho
Njrj;jpy; jpUf;fhNthp jPuj;jpy; FUiff; fhtyg;gd; Nfhapnyd;W g;u]pj;j
khapw;W.

thopj;jpUehkk;
kfukjpy; tprhfk; ehs; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa
khwd;jhs; ehjKdp kyubNahd; thopNa
epfhpy;ed; QhdNahfk; ePz;L nra;Nthd; thopNa
eph;zakhiae;JnghUs; epiyawpNthd; thopNa
mfkWf;Fkpuhkh;gjk; MirAs;Nshd; thopNa
Mo;thh;fs; kiwajid Ma;e;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa
nrfjyj;jpy; FU$hpy; nrdpj;j ts;sy; thopNa
nra;aFUiff; fhtyg;gd; jpUtbfs; thopNa.

,th; mUspa %d;whk; jpUte;jhjpj; jdpad;

rPuhUk; khlj; jpUf;Nfht Y}ujDs;

fhuh; fUKfpiyf; fhzg;Gf;F – xuhj;
jpUf;fz;Nl ndd;Wiuj;j rPuhd; foNy
ciuf;fz;lha; neQ;Nr Afe;J.
=ke;ehjKdpfs; ,tUf;F Nahf u`];ahh;j;jj;ij cgNjrpj;jy;

,tiu mioj;J =ke;ehjKdpfs; `ckf;F ehk; nrhd;d jh;rdjhj;gh;a Nahf

u`];ahh;j;j tpNr\q;fis mtjphpf;f ,Uf;Fk; aKidj; JiwtUf;F
cgNjrpAk;’ vd;W epakpj;jhh;.

=Mste;jhUk; FUiff;fhtyg;gDk;

=kzf;fhy; ek;gpfs; epakpj;jgb, Mste;jhh; =ghjj;J Kjypfs; rpyNuhL

FUiff;fhtyg;gid Nrtpf;f fq;ifnfhz;l NrhoGuk; nrd;W Nrh;e;jhh;. mq;Nf
ek;gpfs; nrhd;d milahsg;gb FUiff;fhtyg;gd; FifNghd;w xhplj;jpy;
Nahfj;jpy; ,Ug;gijf; fz;L Nrtpj;jhh;. ,th;fs; xU Rth; kiwtpNy epd;W
nfhz;L mth; ep\;il fiyAk; Neuj;ij vjph;ghh;j;jpUe;jdh;. ,q;qdk; mth;fs;
kiwtpypUe;jij ngUkhs; ,tUf;F jd; nray;fs; %yk; czh;j;jpdhh;.

`,q;F nrhl;ilf;Fyj;jth; ahNuDk; te;jpUf;fPh;fsh’ vd;W tpdtpdhh;. clNd

Mste;jhh; mtiu njz;ldpl;L tzq;fp `];thkP mbNad; aKidj;Jiwtd;;.
NjthPh; Mf;iQia vjph;ghh;j;J ,Ue;Njd;’ vd;W njhptpj;jhh;. FUiff;fhtyg;gd;
Mste;jhhplk; NjthPh; ,q;F te;jnjd; Nehf;fk; vd;W Nfl;f mjw;F mth;
`NjthPhplk; mbNad; ghl;lhdhh; =ke;ehjKdpfs; Nehpy; mwpe;J nfhs;Sk;gb
rpy ufrpaq;fs; itj;Jg;NghapUg;gjhfTk; mij njhpe;J nfhs;Sk;gb Mid.
mjid epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;sNt NjthPh; jpUtbfis ehb te;Njd;’ vd;W
$wpdhh;. FUiff;fhtyg;gd; Mste;jhhpd; Mh;tj;ij kpftpae;J mtiu
mg;gbNa jOtpf; nfhz;L `mg;gNd mJ cz;ikjhd;. mij chpatuhfpa
ck;kplk; Nrh;g;gpf;fNt vdf;Fk; Mid. Mdhy; ,J chpa rkakd;W.
vd;Dila me;jpk fhyj;jpy; mtw;iw ckf;Ff; $WfpNwd;’ vd;W $wpdhh;.

Mste;jhUk; `];thkP! mbNad; =uq;fj;jpw;F Ngha;tpl;Nldhdhy; NjthPh; me;jpk

fhyk; mbNad; mwptnjq;fdk;?’ vd;W tpz;zg;gf;f, mtUk; `tUfpw
G\;akhjj;jpNy, FU G\;aNahfj;jpNy mgp[pj; K$h;j;jj;jpNy ekf;F
rhPuht]hdk; (rhPuj;Jf;F KbT) epfof;$Lk;. mjw;F Kd;G te;J njhpe;J
nfhs;sTk;’ vd;W nrhd;dhh;. Mste;jhUk; mth; jpUtbfspNy njz;ldpl;Lf;
NfhapYf;nfOe;jUspdhh;.

Mste;jhh; jpUtde;jGuk; nry;YjYk; FUiff;fhtyg;gd; jpUehL

myq;fhpj;jYk; (Mwhapug;gb FUguk;guh g;ughtk;))

=uq;fj;jpy; jpUtj;aad cw;rtk; Muk;gkhapw;W. ,uhg;gj;J gj;jhdhsd;W

miuah; jpUtha;nkhopapNy `fLtpid fisayhFk;’ (10-2-8) vd;w ghRuj;ij
mgpeaj;NjhL tpsf;fp te;jhh;. `elkpNdh ekh;fs; cs;sPh;’ vd;w gjk; tUk;NghJ,
miuah; vd;d fhuzj;jpdhNyh Mste;jhiu mZfp ,e;j gjj;ij gyKiw
$wpdhh;. ,J mth; nra;jJ jw;nrayd;W vd;W epidj;J, guk;nghUs;jhd; mth;
%ykhf ,e;j Mizia ,l;bUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W epr;rapj;J, nghpangUkhsplk;
,jidf; $wp, jpUtde;jGuk; Nehf;fpj; jyahj;jpiuahf Mste;jhh; jd;
rPlh;fSld; gpuahzkhdhh;. gyehl;fs; mg;gj;kehgid N]tpj;J kfpo;e;jhh;.

xUehs; jpBnud;W Mste;jhUf;Fj; jk;kplk; FUiff;fhtyg;gd; Fwpj;j jpdk;

gw;wpa epidT Njhd;wpw;W. FUiffhtyg;gd; jkf;F ,l;Lje;j
jpUKfj;ijg;ghh;j;jhh;. khjKk; jpt]Kk; md;whfNt ,Ue;jgbahNy,
Mste;jhh; kpfTk; kdk; cile;jtuha; `xU G\;gftpkhdk; cz;lhfpyd;Nwh
mq;FNgha;r; Nruyhk;, mJTk; ngw;Nwhkpy;iyNa’ vd;W Nrhfpj;jhh;. ngUkhs;
,jw;F ehk; nra;jgb fhZkpJ. N]\j;t[;QheNk mikAk; vd;W mUspdhh;.
`vjw;Fk; ehk; clNd gpuahzkhNthk;’ vd;W jPh;khdpj;J mde;jdplk; fz;Zk;
fz;zPUkha;g; gphpah tpilngw;W tpiuthf mth; Ch; Nehf;fp ele;jhh;. ,th;
jhkjkhf Nghdjhy;, ghl;lhdhh; FUiffhtyg;gdplk; nrhy;yp itj;jpUe;j Nahf
ufrpaq;fs; ,tUf;F fpilf;fhky; Nghapd. ,JNt vk;ngUkhdpd;
jpUAs;skhFk;.

thh;j;jhkhiy 403 thh;j;ijapd; tptuzk; (gpd;gofpa ngUkhs; [Pah; mUspaJ)

vsptUk; ,ay;tpdd; epiytuk;gpy gygpwg;gh nahsptUk; (jpUtha;nkhop 1-3-2)
vd;fpw ghRuj;jpw;F kzf;fhy;ek;gp mh;j;j tpNr\k; mUspr;nra;Ak; NghJ,
Mste;jhh; ,g;gb FzthdapUf;fpw mtiz ]hr\hj;fhpf;f tpufpy;iyNah ?
vd;W Nfl;lhh;. vdf;F N]\j;thE ]e;jheNk mikAk;. ePh; mg;gd; ,Uf;Fk;
,lk; nry;Yk; vd;W nrhd;dhh;. ,tUk; mq;F nrd;whh;. mtUk; fhyk;
Fwpj;Jtpl, ,tUk; jpUtde;jGuk; nrd;whh;. mq;F ,th; mf;fhyj;ij epidf;f
mg;gd; gf;fy; Nghf xU G\;gf tpkhdk; ngw;wpNyhNk vd;W tUj;jg;gl;lh;.
ngUkhs; ,jw;F ehk; nra;jgb fhZkpJ. N]\j;t[;QheNk mikAk; vd;W
mUspdhh;. ,jd; fUj;J :

gf;jpNahfj;ij mE\;bj;J jd;id NeNu fz;lhy; jd;id mEgtpg;gjpy;

];thh;j;jij cz;lhfptpLk; MifahNy, mg;gd; Fwpj;j fhyj;ij Mste;jhh;
kwf;Fk;gb nra;J Mj;khtpd; N]\j;t ghuje;j;h;a [;QhdNk gukgjj;jpy;
guhh;j;jhEgt ifq;fh;aq;fis tpisj;JtpLk; MifahNy mJNt NghJk; vd;W
ngUkhs; mUspdhh; vd;gJ fUj;J. ehKk; N]\j;t[;Qhk; ngw;W vk;ngUkhid
milNthk;.

(NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l tp\aq;fs; Gj;J}h; ];thkp ntspapl;L cs;s Mrhh;a

itgtkQ;[hp vd;w E}ypy; ,Ue;Jk; kw;Wk; thh;j;jhkhiy E}ypy; ,Ue;Jk;
vLf;fg;gl;lJ)

FUiff;fhtyg;gd; jpUtbfNs ruzk;.

thrpf Njh\: r\e;jt;a:

 = :
=kNj uhkhD[ha ek: =kj; tutuKeNa ek:
=kj; tuj FuNt ek:

nrhl;il ek;gp, ehYuhd; - tU\ jpUel;rj;jpuk; - ij – G+ul;lhjp

nrhl;il ek;gp (Mste;jhh; jpUf;Fkhuh;)

jdpad;
kfNu irfghj;Na r ahKehrhh;a ee;jek;
uhkhE[hh;a ]r;rp\;ak; G+h;z Nj]pf kh];uNa

,tUila thopj;jpUehkk; fpilf;ftpy;iy

jpUttjhu ];jyk; - tPuehuhazGuk; (fhl;L kd;dhh; Nfhapy;)

jpUj;jfg;gdhh; - Mste;jhh;
jpUj;jkadhh; - jpUtuq;fg;ngUkhs; miuah;
Fb – nrhl;il
Fkhuh; - vd;dhr;rhd; - ,th; Fkhuh; - gps;isag;gd;
,th; ek;ngUkhSf;F tpz;zg;gQ; nra;thh;.
Mrhh;ah; - vk;ngUkhdhh;
,th; vk;ngUkhdhh; Vw;gLj;jpa 74 rpk;khrdhjpgjpfspy; xUtuhth;.

`jd; jdf;F ,d;wpepd;whid’ (jpUtha;nkhop 4-5-7) vd;w nrhy;

njhlUf;F `Mj;khek; khE\k; ke;Na vd;W nrhd;d ,uhkgpuhDf;Nf
,e;jg;ngUik NrUk;’ vd;W xU tpj;ah]khd tpsf;fk; nrhy;yp vy;NyhiuAk;
tpaf;f itj;jhuhk; ,th;.
ek;ngUkhsplj;jpy; ,th; nfhz;L ,Ue;j kpFe;j <LghL

nghy;yhf;FwSUtha; - ehr;rpahh; jpUnkhop (11Mk; jpUnkhop 5Mk; ghRuk;)

t;ahf;ahdj;jpy; ,tiug;gw;wp Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mtw;iw fPNo mDgtpg;Nghk;.

Mste;jhh; kfdhh; nrhl;il ek;gp xU ehs; jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; ek;gp nefpOk;gb

xU thh;j;ij nrhd;dhh;. ,tUila me;jpk jirapNy Kjypfs;
milag;Gf;fpUe;J ePh; epidj;Jf; fplf;fpwJ vd; ? vd;W Nfl;lhh;fs;. mjw;F
,th; Mste;jhh; =ghjj;jpd; ]k;ge;jk; gukgj g;uhg;jp gz;zpj;je;jy;yJ
tplhJ. mq;Nf Nghdhy; =itFz;lehjd; Kfk; ek;ngUkhs;
jpUKfkz;lyk; NghNy Fsph;e;J ,y;iyahfpy; Kwpj;Jf;nfhz;L
,q;Nf jpUk;gp te;J tpLNtd.; Mdhy; er Geuhth;j;jNj vd;fpwgb, gukgjk;
Nghdth;fs; jpUk;gp tuKbahNj vd;W nrhd;dhuhk;.
epwKah; NfhyKk; NgUk; ,it,itapd;W - jpUtpUj;jk; 44Mk; ghRuj;jpd;
t;ahf;ahdj;jpYk; NkNy nrhd;d epfo;rr
; p Fwpg;gplg;gl;ls;sJ.

ehYuhd;
jdpad;
kfNu irfghj;Na r rJh;f;uhk epth]pek;
$uehj FNuh: ]p\;ak; N]Nt ]{g Fzhh;ztk;

,tUila thopj;jpUehkk; fpilf;ftpy;iy

Mrhh;ah; - $uj;jho;thd;

=$uj;jho;thdpd; fUidapd; vy;iy epyk; - ehYhuhDf;F Kf;jp ey;fpdhh;

nfhba giftdplj;jpYk; fUid fhl;Lk; ,uf;f kdKilath; ek;
$uj;jho;thd;. fz;zpog;gjw;Fk; nghpaek;gpfs; capuog;gjw;Fk; ehYuhNdKf;fpa
fhuzkhthd;. gfthd; ghftjhgrhuk; nrw;jtw;fis nghWf;fkhl;lhd;. mg;gb
gl;lth;fs; Mj;k eh]kilAk; vd;gJ rh];jpuk;. mg;gb Mfhky;
gfthidf;nfhz;Nl mt;tgrhuj;ijg; nghUg;gpj;jUspdhh; cjhu `;Ujak;
gilj;j $uj;jho;thd;.
mJNghy; ehKk; nra;aj;jfhjtw;iwr; nra;jhYk; Mrhhpa ]k;e;jj;jhy;
<Nlwp tplhyhk; vdpy; mJ KbahJ. ehYhuhd; gpd;dhy; Vw;glf;$ba
meh;j;jq;fis MNyhrpahky; Nrhouh[ rigapy; VNjh xUthh;j;ij
nrhy;yg;Nghf filrpapy; epfo;e;jtw;iwf; fz;L kpfTk; mEjhgg;gl;lhd;.
ek;khyd;Nw ,t;teh;j;jk; epfo;e;jJ vd;W tUe;jp mOjhd;. mjwpe;j Mo;thd;
ehk; mtDila gpioia kd;dpj;jhYk; vk;ngUkhd; ek;kplKs;s ghptpdhy;
mtid jz;;bj;J tpLthd; vd;wQ;rp `ehd; ngw;w Nyhfk; ehYuhDk;
ngwNtz;Lk;` vd;W tuk; ngw;whh;. mwpe;Nj gpioGhpe;j tpu]{e;juDf;F
guh]ugl;lh; gukgjk; mspf;ftpy;iy. Gj;jpG+h;tfkhfg; gpio nra;jtd; jz;lid
mDgtpj;Nj jPuNtz;Lk;.

(= R.uFuhkd;(ghyh[p) ];thkp mUspAs;s xU rpW Fwpg;gpy; ,Ue;J NkNy

nrhd;dJ vLf;fg;gl;lJ)
gpd;gofpa ngUkhs; [Pah; mUspAs;s thh;j;jhkhiy 269Mk; thh;j;ij
$uj;jho;thd; Njtpfs; Mz;lhs; mUspaJ:

Mrhh;ad; tp\aj;jpy; mgrhuk; gz;zpd ehYuhDk; <Nlwpdhd;. gfj;tp\aj;jpy;

mgrhuk; gz;zpd ]p]{ghyDk; <Nlwpdhhd;. ghftj tp\aj;jpy; mgrhuk;
nra;jth;fs; ,d;dhh; <Nlwpdhnud;W ,Jf;F Kd;G Nfl;lwptjpy;iy.

tptuzk; - ehY}uhd; f;Ukpfz;ldplk; ke;jphpaha; ,Ue;J Mrhh;adhd $uj;jho;thd;

fz;zpof;ff; fhuzkha; ,Ue;jhd;. Mo;thd; vk;ngUkhdplk; ehd; ngw;w Nyhfk;
ehY}uhDk; ngw NtZk; vd;W g;uhj;jpj;jjhy; ,tDk; <Nlwpdhd;. mk;ghP\d;
Nghd;w xnuhUth; ghftj tp\aj;jpy; mgrhug;gl;lhy; me;j ghftjhplk; kd;dpg;G
Ntz;bg; ngw;whnyhopa Jh;th]h; Nghd;w hp\pahf ,Ue;jhYk; <NlwKbahJ.
ghftjh; gyh; tp\aj;jpy; mgruhg;gl;l f;hpkpfz;ld; Nghd;wth;fSf;F tpNkhrdNk
,y;iy vd;W fUj;J.

gftj mgrhuj;ijf; fhl;bYk; ghftj mgrhuj;jpd; nfhLikiaf; fhl;fpwJ ,e;j

thh;j;ij.

NkNy nrhd;d tp\aq;fs; Gj;J}h; ];thkp njhFj;J ntspAl;Ls;s Mrhh;a

itgtkQ;[hp vd;Dk; E}ypy; ,Ue;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ

nrhl;il ek;gp, ehYuhd; jpUtbfNs ruzk;.

thrpf Njh\: r\e;jt;a: