5

English
Quarter 4 – Module 2, Lesson 1:
Writing Paragraphs Showing
Cause and Effect

CO_Q4_English 5_ Module 2_Lesson 1

English – Grade 5
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 2, Lesson 1: Writing Paragraphs Showing Cause and Effect
First Edition, 2020

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 5

English
Quarter 4 – Module 2, Lesson 1:
Writing Paragraphs Showing
Cause and Effect
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
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In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
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read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Good luck and happy learning!

 Lesson
Writing Paragraphs
1 Showing Cause and Effect

What I Need to Know

Being able to write about a cause-and-effect situation is an important skill

needed as you refine your understanding of the things around you.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

 identify cause and effect relationships;

 write a possible cause for a given effect;
 write a possible effect for a given cause;
 write sentences showing cause and effect;
 write paragraphs showing cause and effect; and
EN5WC-IIc-2.2.5
 appreciate the beauty of nature

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CO_Q4_English 5_ Module 2_Lesson 1
 What I Know

A. Answer the questions about each sentence. Write your answers in your
notebook.

1. I got a toothache once I ate an excessive amount of candy.

What happened first?

__________________________________________
CAUSE
What happened next?
___________________________________________
EFFECT

2. Hanna went to the doctor because she is not feeling well.

What happened first?

__________________________________________
CAUSE
What happened next?
__________________________________________
EFFECT
B. Fill in the Cause and Effect of the following sentences. Write your answer
in your notebook.

1. Ana was happy because she got to eat cake for dessert.
Cause: _________________________________________
Effect: __________________________________________
2. If Ara sells all the fish, then she will get her allowance.
Cause: __________________________________________
Effect: __________________________________________

C. Examine the paragraph below, underline once the CAUSE and twice the
EFFECT.
1. Mina seldom brushes her teeth. Now she has cavities.
2. Lito and his family are now homeless because a strong typhoon
destroyed their house.
3. Since it is a holiday, we went swimming at the sea.
4. To keep safe from COVID 19, people wear a face mask and a face
shield.
2. Mining leads to soil erosion.

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CO_Q4_English 5_ Module 2_Lesson 1
 What’s In

As you try to understand cause and effect relationship, you will realize that
this is a combination of action and reaction. You can probably relate to an example
in the paragraph below.
Read the paragraph and answer the following questions.

Mr. Sabinada was leaving for Palawan Monday morning. His car
was out of order, so he took a red taxi. On his way at the airport he
remembered that he forgot to bring his plane ticket so he called up his
wife to bring the ticket to him before nine o’clock.

1. Who was leaving for Palawan?

2. Why did he take a red taxi?
3. What did he forget to bring?
4. Why did he call up his wife?
5. What is the cause? The effect?

What’s New

The ocean is everyone’s responsibility. Here are some lists of human actions
that lead to destruction of our most important source of living. As you read the
selection, try to take note and familiarize some transitional words that are used.
Transitional words are underlined. List the causes and effects inside the table below
which you will write in your notebook.

The ocean’s delicate coral reefs are affected by changes caused by

humans. To illustrate, dumping waste products and garbage in the sea
results in changes in the natural environment. Due to the changes the ocean
becomes polluted, and as a consequence, coral reefs are damaged. When the
ocean becomes extensively, polluted, coral reefs die.

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CO_Q4_English 5_ Module 2_Lesson 1
 Causes Effects

What Is It

Let’s get to know more about a cause-and-effect relationship by defining the

key words clearly.

A cause is the reason why something happens. It is the producer of the effect.
An effect, on the other hand, is the result of the cause. It is produced by the cause.
When we speak about the sequence by which these two take place, the cause
always happens first while the effect happens next. However, when they are written
as parts of sentences, the order by which they appear may not be according to what
happened first or next as shown in the examples below.
A heavy rain lasted for two hours, so the streets were flooded.
(cause) (effect)
The streets were flooded because the heavy rain lasted for two hours.
(effect) (cause)
In order to identify the relationship properly, ask what happens first and what
happens next.

Once you master identifying the cause-and-effect relationship, you can

already begin writing cause-and-effect relationships in sentences and paragraphs.

In addition, to properly connect the relationships, transitional words such as

because, if, so, thus, consequently, therefore, due to the fact, since, as a result of,
the reason for, nevertheless, lead to, and caused by are used in the paragraph.
Example:
Due to lack of Vitamin A, Karen has poor eyesight.
Silva is sleepy, so he did not attend his classes.

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CO_Q4_English 5_ Module 2_Lesson 1
 What’s More

A. The table below shows that one cause can have many effects, while
one effect can also have many causes.

Cause Effect
keeps one healthy
Exercise makes a person feel good
improves blood circulation
Not studying the lesson
Going out with friends
all the time can result to a failing grade.
Laziness in doing
module activities

1. Exercise keeps one healthy, gives a good feeling, and improves

blood circulation.
2. Not studying the lesson, going out with friends all the time, and
laziness in doing module activities can result to a failing grade.
In your notebook, write the following:
1. Give three causes of water shortage

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
______________________

2. Give three effects of climate change

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________

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CO_Q4_English 5_ Module 2_Lesson 1
 B. Choose a transitional word inside the parenthesis to complete the given
paragraph. Write your answers in your notebook.

Cause and Effect of Video Game Addiction

Video game addiction (if, may result, causes) a decline in overall

health and hygiene. Players who interact with video games for such
significant amounts of time may (cause, if, result in) not eating and even
staying long without basic hygiene tasks, such as using the restroom or
bathing. The effects of this behaviour may (result on, if, lead to) significant
danger to their overall health.

The (result in, lead to, cause) of video game addiction are complex
and can (lead to, may result to, if) severe effects. Playing video games can
should be a fun activity for all to enjoy. But just like everything else, the
amount of time one spends playing video games needs to be balanced with
personal and social responsibilities.

("Student Sample: Cause-And-Effect Essay | English Composition I: Rhetorical Methods–

Based" 2021)

What I Have Learned

Writing a cause-and-effect paragraph involves understanding the logic or

connection between cause and effect. It requires a knowledge of the
expressions and vocabulary used to express causes and effects. Cause-effect
transitions are important components of writing. So pupils need some practice
with cause/effect writing. In addition, a pupil needs to know how to structure
a cause/effect essay. Transitional words are: because, if, so, thus,
consequently, therefore, due to the fact, since, as a result of, the reason for,
nevertheless

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CO_Q4_English 5_ Module 2_Lesson 1
 What I Can Do

A. Based on the given diagram, write a paragraph describing the causes stated
in the boxes and the effect mentioned in the circle. Use the transitional word (since,
because, as a result of, due to the fact, consequently) in connecting the causes and
the effect. Use a separate sheet of paper.

Thesis Statement: Factors of Flood that

Affect Human Living

Cause Cause Cause Cause

Heavy Overflowing Lack of Broken
rain river vegetation Dam

Effect

flood

B. List down 5 reasons why the pandemic is not over yet? Do you know why? You can make
a little research. An example has been given below. Once completed, combine and rewrite the
sentences in a paragraph form.
The pandemic is not over yet because most people are not yet immunized or vaccinated.
1. _____________________________
2. _____________________________
3. ______________________________
4. _____________________________
5. _____________________________

The pandemic is not over yet because _______________________,

______________________, _________________________, _____________________________,
______________________________.

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CO_Q4_English 5_ Module 2_Lesson 1
 Assessment

Based on the jumbled sentences below, write a paragraph containing cause-

and -effect relationships. Use transitional words or expressions like so, because,
and since in connecting the cause and the effect. Write your answer in your
notebook.

CAUSES EFFECTS

Many businesses also went bankrupt. It is not easy to pass through a border.
People are already complaining and Workers lost their job.
crying.

Nowadays, it is difficult to transport People have nothing to eat.

goods to the market.

Additional Activities

Find short articles or paragraphs that contain cause and effect relationships.
Copy and rewrite that paragraph in your own notebook. Underline the causes only
once but underline the effects twice.

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CO_Q4_English 5_ Module 2_Lesson 1
CO_Q4_English 5_ Module 2_Lesson 1
9
What I Know
A.
3. Since it is a holiday, we What's New
1. CAUSE – when I ate too much
candy went swimming at the sea. Cause Effects
EFFECT – I got a toothache
2. CAUSE – because she is not 4. To keep safe from COVID changes the ocean’s
19, people wear a face mask caused by delicate
feeling well. human coral reefs
EFFECT-Hanna went to the and a face shield.
are affected
doctor 5. Mining leads to soil
B.
erosion.
1. CAUSE-because she got to
eat cake for dessert dumping waste changes in
products and nature in
EFFECT-Ana was happy What's In garbage in the the natural
2. CAUSE - If Ara sells all the sea environment
fish 1. Mr. Sabinada
EFFECT - then she will get her 2. Because his car is out
allowance of order
3. Plane ticket ocean become Coral reefs
polluted are
C. 4. To bring the ticket to damaged
1.Mina seldom brushes her him at the airport before
teeth. Now she has cavities. 9 o’clock
5. Cause- Mr. Sabinada When the Coral reefs
forgot to bring plane his ocean becomes die
2. Lito and his family are extensively
ticket. polluted
now homeless because a Effect- He called his
strong typhoon destroyed wife to bring the ticket
their house. to him at the airport.
What I Can Do
A. Answers may vary.
What’s More bankrupt, so workers
B. Answers may vary.
lost their job. Many
A. Answers may vary.
people are complaining
B. Assessment and crying since they
have nothing to eat.
1. causes Nowadays, it is
2. result in difficult to transport
3. lead to goods to the market Additional Activities
because it is not easy
4. cause Answer may vary.
to pass through a
5. lead to
border. Many
businesses also went
Answers Key
References

Castillo, K., et.al. 2016, Joy in Learning English 5, Department of Education, Vibal
Group Inc.

"Student Sample: Cause-And-Effect Essay | English Composition I: Rhetorical

Methods–Based". 2021. Courses.Lumenlearning.Com. Accessed April 29.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/englishcomp1v2xmaster/chapter/stude
nt-sample-cause-and-effect-essay/.. CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-
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CO_Q4_English 5_ Module 2_Lesson 1
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