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Vehicle Dynamics

This document provides an overview of vehicle dynamics from a prescribed textbook. It introduces key concepts like the basic components of a vehicle including its rigid body, motion inputs, and forces. It describes different types of vehicle analysis like kinetics, statics, and kinematics. It also outlines important equations of motion and the forces acting on a vehicle, including tire forces, longitudinal and lateral forces, and examples of static, accelerating, braking, and inclined vehicle scenarios. An example problem is provided to calculate acceleration, normal forces, and coefficient of friction. Finally, there is a short classwork example to solve for normal forces and coefficient of friction up an incline.

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Ishmael Mvunyiswa
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67 views

Vehicle Dynamics

This document provides an overview of vehicle dynamics from a prescribed textbook. It introduces key concepts like the basic components of a vehicle including its rigid body, motion inputs, and forces. It describes different types of vehicle analysis like kinetics, statics, and kinematics. It also outlines important equations of motion and the forces acting on a vehicle, including tire forces, longitudinal and lateral forces, and examples of static, accelerating, braking, and inclined vehicle scenarios. An example problem is provided to calculate acceleration, normal forces, and coefficient of friction. Finally, there is a short classwork example to solve for normal forces and coefficient of friction up an incline.

Uploaded by

Ishmael Mvunyiswa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Faculty of Engineering (Mechanical Department)

Mechanics of Machine (MMM12A)

Vehicle Dynamics

Name: Ms K Thejane
Office: Room 167 BHP
Email: [email protected]
Prescribed Textbook

Engineering mechanics dynamics, 2010, 12th edition, by RC Hibbeler,

Chapter 17
Introduction

❖ It is the study of how the vehicle will react to driver inputs on a given
road.

Power Chassis Body


- Engine Suspension system Carry people
Gear Box Steering system
Wheels
-
❖ A car body can only be made to move or changed course by the action
of forces. Many forces act upon a vehicle when it is being driven.
❖ Tires play an important role as any change of speed or direction
involves forces acting on the tires.
Introductions
Basic components of a vehicle
• Parts- Rigid body, defined by mass, mass centre and mass moment
of inertia.
• Motion- Used to input translational or rotational displacements.
• Forces- Can be linear or non-linear and translation or rotational.
Body forces and joint reactions are calculated automatically
displacement motion.
Main types of Analysis

• Kinetics – Focused on understanding the cause of different types of


motions of an object such as rotational motion in which the object
experience force or torque

• Static – Determines the static equilibrium position and reactions


forces. Velocity and accelerations are set to zero

• Kinematic- Movement controlled by joint selection and motion


inputs. Movements are not affected by external forces or mass
properties.
Equation of motions

Linear Motion Rotational Motion


Forces acting on a vehicle

▪ Distribution of forces (lateral and the longitudinal forces)


- Forces which act along the longitudinal axis of the vehicle
(rolling friction, motive force)

- Forces which act laterally on the vehicle (crosswinds)


▪ The longitudinal and the lateral forces are transmitted either
downwards or sideways to the tires and ultimately to the road
Forces acting on a vehicle

▪ Tire forces (Circumferential force and vertical tire force/normal


force):
- Circumferential force is produced by power transmission or braking.
It act on the road surface as a linear force in line with the longitudinal
axis of the vehicle.
- Normal force acts between the tire and the road surface. It always
acts on the tire regardless of the state of motion of the vehicle,
including when the vehicle is stationary
Static vehicle

Horizontal Road – Standing Still

Nr mg Nf
Vehicle Dynamics
Horizontal Road – In motion (Accelerating)

l
σ 𝑭𝒚 = 𝟎; 𝑵𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒓 + 𝑵𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒕 = mg = …1
b a
σ 𝑭𝒙 = 𝟎; F = ma …2

ma Ff = 𝝁𝑵𝒓 …3
G
෍ 𝑴𝑮 = 𝟎

𝑵𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒃 = 𝑵𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒕 𝒂 + F(h) …4


F
𝑵𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒓 mg 𝑵𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒕
Consider friction at the back of the wheel
Horizontal Road – In motion (breaking)
Four Wheels breaking
Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0
Nr + Nf = mg …1

Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0
½F + ½F = ma ..2
G ½F =  (Nr) .....3
ma ½F =  (Nf) …..4

ΣM = 0
Nr(b) + ½F(h) + ½F(h) = Nf(a) ..5
mg
Nr Nf
Incline – Standing Still
(Hand Brake applied on Back Wheel )

Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0
Nr + Nf = mg cosθ

Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0
F = mg sinθ
F =  (Nr)

ΣM = 0
Nr(b) = Nf(a) + F(h)
Incline – Accelerating
(Back Wheel Drive)

Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0
Nr + Nf = mg cosθ

ma Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0
F = mg sinθ + ma
𝜽 F =  (Nr)

ΣM = 0
Nr(b) = Nf(a) + F(h)
Incline – Braking on four wheels

Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0
NA + NB= mg cos 

Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0
½F ½F + ½F + mg sin  = ma
½F =  (NA)
½F ½F =  (NB)

ΣM = 0
NB(b) + ½F(h) + ½F(h) = NA(a)
Example 17.5

The car shown below has a mass of 2000 kg and the center of mass
at G. Determine the acceleration if the rear driving wheels always
slipping, whereas the front wheels are free to rotate. Neglect the
mass of the wheels. Coefficient of kinetic friction between the
wheels and the road is 0.25.

a = 1.59 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑁𝐴 = 6.88 𝑘𝑁

𝑁𝐵 = 12.7 𝑘𝑁
Solution
Class work

The 1500 kg pickup truck reaches a speed of 50 km/h from rest in a distance of
60 m up the 10% incline with constant acceleration. Calculate:
1. The normal forces under each pair of the wheels
2. The coefficient of friction under the rear driving wheels.

Ans: F = 3876.05 N
Nr = 8.096 kN
Nf = 6.546 kN
µ = 0.479
Do Self assessment from the prescribed book

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