1 Jump for joy

Glossary
Page 5 1.11 sight (n) /saɪt/
sth that you see ● The flowers in the garden
1.1 jump for joy (expr) /dʒʌmp fə dʒɔɪ/ were a beautiful sight. ❖
be extremely happy ● Helen jumped for joy 1.12 get stuck (expr) /get stʌk/
when she heard she got the scholarship. be unable to move or continue ● The electricity
❖ was cut off and we got stuck in the lift for an
hour. ❖
1.13 wonder (v) /ˈwʌndə(r)/
Reading  Pages 6–7 ask yourself; want to know ● My sister hasn’t
called or texted me all day; I wonder where
1.2 harmful (adj) /ˈhɑːmfl/ she is. ❖
causing damage or injury ● Smoking has many 1.14 noisily (adv) /ˈnɔɪzəli/
harmful effects. ➣ harm (v, n) ❖ loudly ● I couldn’t concentrate because
✎ Opp: harmless some children were playing noisily outside.
1.3 irritating (adj) /ˈɪrɪteɪtɪŋ/ ➣ noise (n), noisy (adj) ❖
making you feel angry ● I find it very 1.15 awful (adj) /ˈɔːfl/
irritating when people speak loudly on their very bad and unpleasant ● He’s such an
mobile phones. ➣ irritate (v), irritation (n), awful boss nobody in the office likes him.
irritated (adj) ❖ ❖
1.4 upset (v) /ʌpˈset/ 1.16 packed (adj) /pækt/
make sb feel worried and/or angry ● It upsets completely full ● The bus was so packed that
her when she thinks of her grandmother’s there wasn’t even any standing room.
illness. ➣ upset (adj) ❖ ❖ ✎ Syn: crowded
1.5 take (sth) for granted (expr) /ˈteɪk (ˈsʌmθɪŋ) fə 1.17 push your way (expr) /pʊʃ jɔː weɪ/
ˈgrɑːntɪd/ push the people around you in order to get
believe that sth is true without having any somewhere ● I pushed my way onto the
evidence ● You can’t take it for granted crowded train. ❖
that he will agree; you have to ask him first. 1.18 distracted (adj) /dɪˈstræktɪd/
❖ confused because you are thinking of sth else
1.6 furious (adj) /ˈfjʊəriəs/ ● You seemed distracted in the meeting. Is
very angry ● He was furious with me because I everything OK? ➣ distract (v), distraction (n)
was so late. ❖ ❖
1.7 drive (sb) crazy (expr) /draɪv (ˈsʌmbədi) ˈkreɪzi/ 1.19 seriously (adv) /ˈsɪəriəsli/
make sb very angry ● My roommate never very or severely ● He wasn’t seriously ill;
cleans up his mess and it’s driving me crazy. he just had a cold. ❖
❖ 1.20 closely (adv) /ˈkləʊsli/
1.8 extremely (adv) /ɪkˈstrimli/ carefully, paying attention to details ● He
very ● She is extremely intelligent, looked again more closely at what he had
probably the most intelligent woman I know. written. ❖
➣ extreme (adj, n) ❖ 1.21 unpleasant (adj) /ʌnˈpleznt/
not enjoyable ● The exam results came as an
1.9 annoy (v) /əˈnɔɪ/
unpleasant surprise; I was very disappointed.
make sb angry ● It really annoys me when
❖ ✎ Opp: pleasant
people interrupt me. ➣ annoyance (n),
annoyed (adj), annoying (adj) ❖ 1.22 unpredictable (adj) /ˌʌnprɪˈdɪktəbl/
likely to change unexpectedly ● The weather
1.10 behaviour (n) /bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/ was very unpredictable so we didn’t know what
the way that sb acts ● He was punished clothes to pack. ➣ predict (v), prediction (n)
for his terrible behaviour. ➣ behave (v) ❖ ✎ Opp: predictable
❖
1.23 bother (v) /ˈbɒðə(r)/
to make sb angry or upset ● Don’t turn the TV
off. It doesn’t bother me. ➣ bother (n)
❖
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1.24 delayed (adj) /dɪˈleɪd/ 1.36 receive (v) /rɪˈsiːv/
happening later than expected ● Our flight was get or be given sth ● I received a phone call
delayed because of the weather conditions. from your office. ➣ receipt (n), receiver (n)
➣ delay (v) ❖ ✎ Opp: punctual, ❖
on time 1.37 condition (n) /kənˈdɪʃn/
1.25 tolerable (adj) /ˈtɒlərəbl/ a disease or medical problem ● She suffers
just satisfactory; not too good, not bad ● The from a heart condition. ❖
conditions in the public hospital are tolerable, 1.38 misophonia (n) /ˌmɪsəˈfəʊniə/
but can definitely be improved. ➣ tolerate a medical condition in which certain sounds
(v), tolerance (n) ❖ ✎ Opp: cause a strong negative reaction ● People with
intolerable misophonia often react negatively to everyday
1.26 context (n) /ˈkɒntekst/ noises. ❖
the situation in which sth happens and which 1.39 extreme (adj) /ɪkˈstriːm/
can explain it ● To understand his behaviour, to a much greater degree than expected/usual
you have to examine it in the context of his ● In extreme cases, the disease can cause
family. ➣ contextualise (v) ❖ very serious problems. ❖
1.27 grow up (phr v) /ɡrəʊ ʌp/ 1.40 emotional (adj) /ɪˈməʊʃənl/
develop from a child into an adult ● What do related to feelings ● A child’s emotional
you want to be when you grow up? development is as important as their physical
❖ development. ➣ emotion (n) ❖
1.28 reliable (adj) /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ 1.41 respond (v) /rɪˈspɒnd/
that can be trusted ● She’s very reliable, react to sth by saying or doing sth ● I asked
so if she said she would do it you can be John where he’d been, but he didn’t respond.
sure she will do it. ➣ rely (v), reliability (n) ➣ response (n), responsive (adj)
❖ ✎ Opp: unreliable ❖
1.29 supply (n) /səˈplaɪ/ 1.42 yawn (v) /jɔːn/
an amount of sth that is available and people open your mouth wide and take in a lot of air,
can use ● They have turned off the electricity when you are tired or sleepy ● I was so tired
supply in our building. ➣ supply (v) that I couldn’t stop yawning. ➣ yawn (n)
❖ ❖
1.30 public transport (n) /ˌpʌblɪk ˈtrænspɔːt/ 1.43 chew (v) /tʃuː/
the system of buses, trains, etc. that can bite food into small pieces with your teeth so
be used by the public in a specific place that you can eat it ● You should always chew
● Unfortunately, there is no public transport in your food thoroughly before you swallow it.
this village. You have to walk or use a private ❖
car. ❖
1.44 suffer (v) /ˈsʌfə(r)/
1.31 interruption (n) /ˌɪntəˈrʌpʃn/ experience pain ● Don’t just suffer in silence.
the act of stopping sth for a short period of Let me know if there is a problem. ➣ suffering
time ● I managed to work continuously, without (n) ❖
interruption, for ten hours. ➣ interrupt (v)
❖ 1.45 benefit (n) /ˈbenɪfɪt/
a good effect of sth ● One of the benefits of
1.32 bug (v) /bʌɡ/ owning a pet is that it makes you feel happier.
annoy ● I don’t know what he wants, but he’s ➣ benefit (v), beneficial (adj) ❖
been bugging me all day. ➣ bug (n)
❖ 1.46 prevent (v) /prɪˈvent/
stop sb from doing sth or stop sth from
1.33 decade (n) /ˈdekeɪd/ happening ● I tried to prevent him from
a period of ten years ● Our lives have changed leaving, but he insisted. ➣ prevention (n)
a lot in the past decade. ❖ ❖
1.34 research (n) /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ 1.47 stem (n) /stem/
the study of sth in order to discover new the central part of sth, which other parts come
information ● There has been a lot of research from or to which other things can be added
recently into people’s shopping habits. ● He cut the branches from the stem.
➣ research (v), researcher (n) ❖ ❖
1.35 brain (n) /breɪn/ 1.48 option (n) /ˈɒpʃn/
the organ inside your head that controls one of the choices that you have
thoughts and feelings ● The human brain is ● She had no other option but to leave her job.
divided into two halves, the left and the right. ❖
❖

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1.49 correspond (v) /ˌkɒrɪˈspɒnd/ 1.60 embarrassment (n) /ɪmˈbærəsmənt/
match; be similar or equal to ● The story he a feeling of shame and/or shyness ● He
told does not correspond with my memory of blushed with embarrassment when his son
the events. ➣ correspondence (n) called his teacher a cow. ➣ embarrass (v),
❖ embarrassing (adj), embarrassed (adj)
1.50 locate (v) /ləʊˈkeɪt/ ❖
find the position of sth ● I couldn’t locate 1.61 frustration (n) /frʌsˈtreɪʃn/
the source of the problem. ➣ location (n) the state of feeling bad because you cannot
❖ achieve what you want ● Our team’s frustration
1.51 purpose (n) /ˈpɜːpəs/ was obvious when the other team scored
the reason why you do sth ● The purpose again. ➣ frustrated (adj), frustrating (adj)
of the project is to collect information about ❖
students’ preferences. ❖ 1.62 guilt (n) /ɡɪlt/
1.52 stressful (adj) /ˈstresfl/ a feeling of unhappiness you get because you
making you feel anxious or worried have done sth wrong ● He suffered terrible
● Taking an exam is quite a stressful situation. feelings of guilt over leaving his family.
➣ stress (v, n) ❖ ➣ guilty (adj) ❖

1.53 essential (adj) /ɪˈsenʃl/ 1.63 joy (n) /dʒɔɪ/

necessary or needed ● Water is essential for a feeling of happiness ● Sharing happy
human beings; we can’t live without it. moments with your family is one of life’s
❖ greatest joys. ➣ joyful (adj) ❖

1.54 quality (n) /ˈkwɒləti/ 1.64 relief (n) /rɪliːf/

characteristic ● She has a lot of good qualities: a feeling of happiness because sth bad has
she’s intelligent, organised and punctual. not happened or has ended ● It was such a
❖ relief to see that grandma was well again.
➣ relieve (v), relieved (adj) ❖
1.55 cure (v) /kjʊə(r)/
make sb who was ill healthy again ● Doctors 1.65 sympathy (n) /ˈsɪmpəθi/
can cure most diseases nowadays. ➣ cure (n) the understanding that you show when sb else
❖ is suffering ● I have a lot of sympathy for him
as his life is definitely not easy. ➣ sympathise
(v), sympathetic (adj) ❖
Adjectives that describe people 1.66 agony (n) /ˈæɡəni/
annoying furious unpleasant extreme pain or suffering ● He screamed in
distracted irritating unpredictable agony when the doctor touched his leg.
emotional reliable upset ❖
1.67 be on the edge of my seat (expr) /bi: ɒn ðiː
edʒ əv maɪ siːt/
Vocabulary  Page 8 thrilled, very excited ● I was on the edge of my
seat at the end of the match when the score
1.56 emotion (n) /ɪˈməʊʃn/ was still 1–1. ❖
a strong feeling ● I sometimes find it hard to 1.68 get under my skin (expr) /get ˈʌndə maɪ skɪn/
express my emotions. ❖ annoy ● That kid at school really gets under
1.57 amazement (n) /əˈmeɪzmənt/ my skin. ❖
extreme surprise ● To my amazement, my 1.69 be lost for words (expr) /bi: lɒst fə wɜːdz/
parents didn’t give me any presents for my not know what to say ● I was lost for words
birthday. ➣ amaze (v), amazed (adj), amazing when I heard the bad news and couldn’t
(adj) ❖ speak. ❖
1.58 anxiety (n) /æŋˈzaɪəti/ 1.70 regret (n) /rɪˈɡret/
worry or nervousness about sth that is a feeling of sadness about sth unpleasant you
happening or will happen ● Most people have to do or say ● It is with great regret that
feel a lot of anxiety about exams. ➣ anxious (adj) we have to announce the death of a
❖ great artist. ➣ regret (v), regretful (adj)
1.59 despair (n) /dɪˈspeə(r)/ ❖
the feeling that there is no hope and nothing 1.71 aggressive (adj) /əˈɡresɪv/
will get better ● He’s in despair because he’s angry and violent ● Every time someone
lost all of his money. ➣ despair (v), desperate criticizes him, he gets aggressive and shouts.
(adj), desperately (adv) ❖ ➣ aggression (n) ❖

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1.72 calm (adj) /kɑːm/
peaceful and without worry ● I tried to keep Grammar  Page 9
calm and say nothing while he was shouting.
➣ calmness (n) ❖ 1.81 optimistic (adj) /ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk/
believing that good things will happen in the
1.73 arrogant (adj) /ˈærəɡənt/ future ● I’m very optimistic about my chances
behaving as if you were better and/or knew of winning. ➣ optimism (n) ❖
more than everyone else ● I hope it won’t
1.82 weigh (v) /weɪ/
sound arrogant if I say I’m one of the best
have a particular weight ● I was shocked
actors of my generation. ➣ arrogance (n)
when I saw I weighed 100 kilos. ➣ weight (n)
❖
❖
1.74 bad-tempered (adj) /ˌbædˈtempəd/ 1.83 apologise (v) /əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/
that can easily become angry or annoyed say you are sorry for sth wrong you have
● He’s very bad-tempered in the mornings, said or done ● The student apologised for his
especially if he hasn’t had any coffee. lateness. ➣ apology (n), apologetic (adj)
❖ ❖
1.75 loyal (adj) /ˈlɔɪəl/ 1.84 commentary (n) /ˈkɒməntri/
willing to support sb even at difficult times a live description of an event that is broadcast
● Even when nobody wanted to speak to him, ● The commentary on the football match was
she remained his loyal friend. ➣ loyalty (n) terrible. ➣ comment (v, n) ❖
❖
1.85 plot (n) /plɒt/
1.76 mature (adj) /məˈtʃʊə(r)/ the story of a book, film, etc. ● The plot is very
behaving like an adult ● I know she’s only simple: he falls in love and then out of love.
12, but you can definitely trust her; she’s very ❖
mature for her age. ➣ maturity (n) 1.86 temporary (adj) /ˈtemp(ə)rəri/
❖ ✎ Opp: immature that doesn’t last for long ● This is just a
1.77 mean (adj) /mi:n/ temporary solution until we can repair the
unkind and unpleasant ● It was a bit mean staircase properly. ❖
not to invite her best friend’s brother. 1.87 drop off (phr v) /drɒp ɒf/
❖ start to sleep ● I think I dropped off at some
1.78 stubborn (adj) /ˈstʌbən/ point. I don’t remember the end of the film.
unwilling to listen to others or change what you ❖
think ● She’s very stubborn and won’t listen to 1.88 take part (in) (expr) /teɪk pɑːt (ɪn)/
anything you say. ➣ stubbornness (n) be involved in an activity ● I didn’t take part in
❖ ✎ Syn: obstinate the game, because I wasn’t feeling so well.
1.79 sensitive (adj) /ˈsensɪtɪv/ ❖ ✎ Syn: participate
easily upset ● Be careful how you speak 1.89 experiment (n) /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/
to him; he’s very sensitive to criticism. a test you do to find out if sth is true or if sth
➣ sensitivity (n) ❖ works ● They didn’t obtain very clear
1.80 childish (adj) /ˈtʃaɪldɪʃ/ results in their experiment. ➣ experiment (v)
behaving like a child ● Stop being so childish – ❖
you're a grown woman now! ❖ 1.90 MRI scanner (n) /em ɑːr ˈaɪ ˌskænə(r)/
a machine that makes images of organs in
your body ● I listened to music while going
Personality adjectives through the MRI scanner. ❖
aggressive childish mean 1.91 measure (v) /ˈmeʒə(r)/
anxious curious sensitive discover the size or amount of sth ● Let’s
arrogant loyal stubborn measure the shelves to see if they will fit.
bad-tempered mature sympathetic ➣ measure (n), measurement (n)
calm ❖
1.92 signal (n) /ˈsɪɡnəl/
sth that gives information about sth else
● Inability to sleep is a signal that something
is wrong with your health. ❖
1.93 calculation (n) /ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃn/
the process of using mathematics to find the
size or amount of sth ● She did a calculation
of how much it would all cost. ➣ calculate (v),
incalculable (adj) ❖

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1.94 identify (v) /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ 1.106 fail (v) /feɪl/
recognise sb/sth and say who/what they are not succeed in what you are trying to do ● If
● The witness identified the suspect as Moira you fail your exam, you can resit it next year.
Lair. ➣ identification (n) ❖ ➣ failure (n) ❖ ✎ Opp: succeed
1.95 witness (v) /ˈwɪtnəs/ 1.107 turn up (phr v) /tɜːn ʌp/
see sth (especially a crime or accident) arrive or appear somewhere ● We had been
happen ● The neighbours witnessed the waiting for two hours when she finally turned
attack. ➣ witness (n) ❖ up at midnight. ❖
1.96 kidnapping (n) /ˈkɪdnæpɪŋ/ 1.108 cheer (sb) up (phr v) /tʃɪə(r) (ˈsʌmbədi) ʌp/
the crime of taking sb away by force and make sb feel happier ● I tried to cheer him up,
then asking for money to let them free but he just kept staring out of the window.
● The victim said he was going to try to ❖
forget the kidnapping and go on with his life. 1.109 lack (n) /læk/
➣ kidnap (v), kidnapper (n) ❖ the state of not being enough or not being
available ● One of the biggest problems in
the city centre is the lack of parking spaces.
Listening  Page 10 1.110
➣ lack (v) ❖
confidence (n) /ˈkɒnfɪdəns/
1.97 severe (adj) /sɪˈvɪər/ the quality of having trust in your abilities, other
very serious, unpleasant and worrying people or the future ● When they lost their
● The head teacher warned the students fourth game in a row, the team’s confidence
that their punishment would be very severe. was shaken. ➣ confide (v), confident (adj)
❖ ❖
1.98 mention (v) /ˈmenʃn/ 1.111 overhear (v) /ˌəʊvəˈhɪə(r)/
refer to sb/sth ● Please don’t mention anything hear what other people are saying without their
about our trip – they don’t know about it. knowledge ● I overheard him saying that he
➣ mention (n) ❖ didn’t like me at all. ❖
1.99 water (v) /ˈwɔːtə(r)/ 1.112 ashamed (adj) /əˈʃeɪmd/
pour water on plants to keep them healthy guilty and embarrassed about sth you have
● Will you water the flowers in the garden done or about a quality of your personality
while I’m away? ❖ ● She was ashamed to admit that it was all
1.100 load (v) /ləʊd/ her fault. ➣ shame (v, n) ❖
put things into a machine or car ● You shouldn’t 1.113 lonely (adj) /ˈləʊnli/
load different-coloured clothes into the washing unhappy because you are alone ● He was
machine. ❖ far from home and was feeling very lonely.
1.101 class (n) /klɑːs/ ➣ loneliness (n) ❖
lesson ● My last class of the day is 1.114 household job (n) /ˈhaʊsˌhəʊld dʒɒb/
Mathematics. ❖ a job (e.g. cleaning) that has to be done
1.102 concentration (n) /ˌkɒnsənˈtreɪʃn/ around the house ● I hate doing household
the state of thinking carefully about what you jobs, such as vacuuming and washing
are doing ● Concentration on the day of the the dishes. ❖ ✎ Syn: household
exam is as important as studying for it. chore
➣ concentrate (v) ❖
1.103 poor (adj) /pɔː(r)/
bad, not of good quality ● Andrew’s health is
poor, but he’ll soon be out and about.
Speaking  Page 11
❖ 1.115 examiner (n) /ɪɡˈzæmɪnə(r)/
1.104 academic (adj) /ˌækəˈdemɪk/ sb who is responsible for asking you questions
related to education, schools, colleges and and marking you during a test ● The examiner
universities ● The school is known for its high was very kind and professional, but I was still
academic standards. ❖ very nervous. ➣ examine (v), examination (n)
❖
1.105 result (n) /rɪˈzʌlt/
sth that happens because of sth else 1.116 extend (v) /ɪkˈstend/
● To ensure good results, you should make sth bigger or longer ● She had to extend
only use fresh ingredients. ➣ result (v) her working hours so as to finish the job in
❖ time. ➣ extension (n) ❖

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1.117 linking word (n) /ˈlɪŋkɪŋ wɜ:d/
a word that connects two ideas or two Use of English  Page 13
sentences ● You should try to use appropriate
linking words in your writing. ❖ 1.128 go off (sb) (phr v) /ɡəʊ ɒf (ˈsʌmbədi)/
stop liking or being interested in sb ● I went off
1.118 range (n) /reɪndʒ/ Tara when I realised how mean she was.
a number of different things that belong to ❖
the same type ● There was a wide range of
opinions about the topic in our class. 1.129 calm down (phr v) /kɑːm daʊn/
❖ stop feeling upset or angry ● I was furious but I
took a couple of deep breaths and tried to calm
1.119 improve (v) /ɪmˈpruːv/ down. ❖
make sth better ● She read a lot of novels to
improve her English. ➣ improvement (n) 1.130 chill out (phr v) /tʃɪl aʊt/
❖ relax without letting anything upset you
● Chill out, Mum. We still have lots of time!
❖

Grammar  Page 12 1.131 hit it off (with sb) (expr) /hɪt ɪt ɒf (wɪð
ˈsʌmbədi)/
become friends with sb immediately ● When
1.120 chop (v) /tʃɒp/
we met we hit it off immediately. Two years
cut sth into pieces ● You should chop the
later, we’re still best friends. ❖
carrots into small pieces. ❖
1.132 fall out (with sb) (phr v) /fɔːl aʊt (wɪð
1.121 process (n) /ˈprəʊses/
ˈsʌmbədi)/
a series of actions that leads to a result
argue with sb and stop being friends with them
● Learning a new language can be a
● He fell out with his sister years ago and they
long, complicated process. ➣ process (v),
haven’t spoken to each other since then.
processor (n) ❖
❖
1.122 neuroscience (n) /ˌnjʊərəʊˈsaɪəns/
1.133 argument (n) /ˈɑːɡjumənt/
the scientific study of the brain and the
an angry disagreement between people ● I got
nervous system ● Neuroscience teaches us
into an argument with my friends over football.
that our brains continue to change even when
➣ argue (v) ❖
we are older. ➣ neuroscientist (n)
❖ 1.134 get (sb) down (phr v) /get (ˈsʌmbədi) daʊn/
make sb feel unhappy ● His boss’s rude
1.123 recently (adv) /ˈriːsəntli/
behaviour was starting to get him down.
not long ago ● Until recently, he was
❖
unemployed, but he’s now found a very good
job. ➣ recent (adj) ❖ 1.135 stand (sb) up (phr v) /stænd (ˈsʌmbədi) ʌp/
not come to meet someone you had arranged
1.124 lately (adv) /ˈleɪtli/
to meet ● I waited for over an hour, but she
not long ago ● I haven’t been feeling very well
stood me up. ❖
lately; I think I should see a doctor.
❖ ✎ Syn: recently 1.136 lead (v) /liːd/
go in a particular direction or cause a particular
1.125 author (n) /ˈɔːθə(r)/
result ● The clues led the detective to a small
the writer of a book or article ● She is the
house outside the village. ➣ leader (n)
author of three very successful novels.
❖
➣ author (v) ❖
1.137 responsible (adj) /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/
1.126 order (v) /ˈɔːdə(r)/
having control over sth and the obligation to
ask for sth in a restaurant or shop ● I ordered
take care of it ● Teachers are responsible for
a hamburger and some salad. ➣ order (n)
the students in their class. ➣ responsibility (n)
❖
❖
1.127 beat (v) /biːt/
1.138 focus (v) /ˈfəʊkəs/
do better than sb else and defeat them ● Anna
direct all your attention towards sth ● I decided
always beats me at chess; I don’t know why I
to focus on my work and forget about everything
keep playing. ❖
else. ➣ focus (n) ❖
1.139 burst into tears (expr) /bɜ:st ˈɪntə ˈtɪəz/
suddenly start to cry ● The young child burst
into tears when he lost the ball. ❖
✎ Opp: burst out laughing

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1.140 make sense (expr) /meɪk sens/
be clear and easy to understand ● What he Writing  Pages 14–15
says never makes any sense – I can never
understand him. ❖ 1.150 tone (n) /təʊn/
the general mood of sth ● The tone of the
1.141 switch (sth) on (phr v) /swɪtʃ (ˈsʌmθɪŋ) ɒn/ article was very optimistic! ❖
make sth (e.g. a machine) start working
● He switched on the light and got out of bed. 1.151 application (n) /ˌæplɪkeɪʃn/
❖ ✎ Opp: switch off an official request for sth ● You need to fill
in this application form for a new passport.
1.142 recall (v) /rɪˈkɔːl/ ➣ apply (v), applicant (n) ❖
remember sth so that you can describe it
● The old man recalled the village as it had 1.152 formal (adj) /ˈfɔːml/
been 60 years ago. ❖ official ● We usually use more formal language
when we write than when we speak.
1.143 figure (sth) out (phr v) /ˈfɪɡə(r) (ˈsʌmθɪŋ) aʊt/ ❖ ✎ Opp: informal
understand and solve ● It took me hours to
figure out how to edit images on the computer. 1.153 direct (adj) /daɪˈrekt/
❖ straight, open ● I like his open and direct
manner. It makes me trust him more.
1.144 conduct (v) /kənˈdʌkt/ ❖
organise and do ● They are conducting a
survey to find out how people spend their free 1.154 take care (expr) /teɪk keə(r)/
time. ➣ conductor (n) ❖ an expression used to say goodbye in a friendly
way ● Bye all and take care! ❖
1.145 constantly (adv) /ˈkɒnstəntli/
all the time or regularly ● My parents 1.155 contracted (adj) /kənˈtræktɪd/
constantly complain about the time I come shortened, reduced ● Contracted forms such
home. ➣ constant (adj) ❖ as “I’d” should not normally be used in writing.
✎ Syn: continually ➣ contraction (n) ❖

1.146 predict (v) /prɪˈdɪkt/ 1.156 chatty (adj) /ˈtʃæti/

say what will happen in the future, based friendly and informal ● She had a very chatty
on your current knowledge or experience style, which was easy to read. ❖
● Scientists are still unable to predict with 1.157 abbreviation (n) /əˌbriːviˈeɪʃn/
accuracy when earthquakes will occur. short form of a word or phrase ● The
➣ prediction (n) ❖ abbreviation EU stands for European Union.
1.147 chemical (adj) /ˈkemɪkl/ ➣ abbreviate (v) ❖
related to reactions that involve changes in 1.158 appropriate (adj) /əˈprəʊpriət/
atoms ● We learn a lot of chemical formulae in suitable for a particular situation ● The film
school. ❖ is not appropriate for young children, as it
1.148 reward (n) /rɪˈwɔːd/ contains a lot of violence. ❖
sth you get in return for sth good that you have 1.159 recommend (v) /ˌrekəˈmend/
done ● He received a reward for helping find suggest that sth should be done
the lost dog. ➣ reward (v), rewarding (adj) ● I recommend that you discuss the matter
❖ with your doctor. ➣ recommendation (n)
1.149 proof (n) /pruːf/ ❖
a fact or information that shows that sth is true 1.160 grateful (adj) /ˈɡreɪtfl/
● Is there any proof that music can make us showing or expressing thanks ● I am very
feel sad? ➣ prove (v) ❖ ✎ Syn: grateful for everything you have done for me!
evidence ➣ gratefulness (n) ❖
✎ Syn: thankful; Opp: ungrateful
Phrasal verbs 1.161 assistance (n) /əˈsɪstəns/
calm down go off sb help ● Teachers are not allowed to give
cheer sb up grow up students assistance in exams. ➣ assist (v),
chill out hit it off assistant (n) ❖
drop off stand sb up 1.162 hill (n) /hɪl/
fall out with sb switch sth on an area of land that is higher than the rest of
figure sth out turn up the land ● There is a small church on top of
the hill. ❖
1.163 come along (phr v) /kʌm əˈlɒŋ/
go somewhere with sb ● I’m going to the
library. Would you like to come along?
❖

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1.164 personally (adv) /ˈpɜːsənəli/
an expression used to stress that you are Live well, study well
giving your own opinion ● Personally, I think
Page 16
vocabulary is more important than grammar.
❖ 1.172 mental (adj) /ˈmentl/
1.165 intend (v) /ɪnˈtend/ related to the mind ● Many people suffer
have as a plan ● I intend to study at least three from mental illness at some point in their lives.
hours a day. ➣ intention (n) ❖ ➣ mentally (adv) ❖
1.166 give up on (phr v) /gɪv ʌp ɒn/ 1.173 resilience (n) /rɪˈzɪljəns/
lose hope in sb/sth, stop believing in sb/sth the ability to be happy again after sth bad has
● Her parents gave up on her when she failed happened ● His resilience helped him find a new
her exams for the fourth time. ❖ job. ➣ resilient (adj) ❖
1.174 cope (v) /kəʊp/
1.167 congratulations (n) /kənˌɡrætʃəˈleɪʃənz/
deal successfully with sth difficult ● I don’t
an expression that shows how pleased you are
know how you manage to cope with two jobs
about sb else’s success ● Congratulations on
and a young child. ❖
passing your final exams! ➣ congratulate (v)
❖ 1.175 positivity (n) /ˌpɒzəˈtɪvəti/
hope and confidence ● Positivity is necessary
1.168 sign off (phr v) /sɑɪn ɒf/
when making plans. ❖
end a conversation, letter or email ● I’m
going to sign off now as I have a class in five 1.176 ignore (v) /ɪˈɡnɔː(r)/
minutes. ❖ deliberately refuse to pay attention
● I tried to explain to him, but he ignored me.
1.169 all the best (expr) /ɔ:l ðə best/ ➣ ignorance (n), ignorant (adj) ❖
an expression used to say goodbye or to wish
1.177 pick yourself up (expr) /pɪk jəˈself ʌp/
sb success and happiness ● Good bye now
try to make your life better after a difficult
and all the best to your mother! ❖
period ● Instead of being sorry for what had
1.170 incredibly (adv) /ɪnˈkredəbli/ happened, she picked herself up and started
extremely, so much that it is difficult to over again. ❖
believe ● I was incredibly late and even if I ran,
1.178 keep going (expr) /ki:p gəʊɪŋ/
I would still miss the bus. ➣ incredible (adj)
continue to live normally in a difficult situation
❖ ✎ Syn: unbelievably
● It’s important to keep going, even if you don’t
1.171 reflection (n) /rɪˈflekʃn/ see the point. ❖
serious and careful thought ● After much 1.179 analyse (v) /ˈænəlaɪz/
reflection, he made the decision to quit his job. examine sth in detail so as to understand or
➣ reflect (v) ❖ explain it ● I need to analyse the data before
I make a decision. ➣ analysis (n)
LOOK!
❖
Remember that adjectives ending in -ing describe 1.180 network (n) /ˈnetwɜːk/
sth/sb that causes sth, whereas adjectives ending in a group of people that have the same interests
-ed describe sb's state or feeling. ● She has built a network of personal friends
It was surprising to see Emma push her way onto that can help her with her new company.
the train. ➣ network (v) ❖
I was surprised to see Emma push her way onto 1.181 reward (v) /rɪˈwɔːd/
the train. give sth in exchange for sth good that sb has
done ● Her efforts were rewarded with the
His behaviour was I was irritated at his first prize. ➣ reward (n), rewarding (adj)
irritating. behaviour. ❖
He has an annoying I get annoyed when I 1.182 look on the bright side (expr) /lʊk ɒn ðə braɪt
voice. hear his voice. saɪd/
It was a distracting I was distracted by the find sth good in a bad situation ● I tried to look
noise. noise. on the bright side, thinking that at least I had a
She had some amazing I was amazed to hear job. ❖
news. the news. 1.183 treat (v) /triːt/
The situation was I was embarrassed behave in a particular way towards sb ● The
embarrassing. about the situation. teacher treated all her students in the same
way. ➣ treatment (n) ❖
1.184 issue (n) /ˈɪsjuː/
a problem or worry that you have ● We had
some technical issues with the new software.
❖
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