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The document discusses the differences between English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and General English (GE). It provides frameworks for analyzing target needs and learning needs in order to design effective ESP courses. Target needs refer to the language required in specific contexts or situations, while learning needs consider how students prefer to learn. An effective needs analysis considers factors like why the language is needed, how and where it will be used, the content areas, users, and timeframe. This ensures ESP courses meet real communicative needs.

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Mary Iza Nika Taguse
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24 views

2 PDF

The document discusses the differences between English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and General English (GE). It provides frameworks for analyzing target needs and learning needs in order to design effective ESP courses. Target needs refer to the language required in specific contexts or situations, while learning needs consider how students prefer to learn. An effective needs analysis considers factors like why the language is needed, how and where it will be used, the content areas, users, and timeframe. This ensures ESP courses meet real communicative needs.

Uploaded by

Mary Iza Nika Taguse
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Group 5

1. Wuwuh Kanthi Rahayu (2080730106)

2. Dyah Mrih Lestari (2100730131)

3. Khosinol Asror (2100730150)


NEEDS
ANALYSIS
• WHY DO LEARNERS NEED TO LEARN
ENGLISH?
• All courses are based on a perceived need
of some sort.

• WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN


ESP AND GE?
• “In theory nothing, in practice a great
deal”.
GENERAL ENGLISH (GE)

• GE learner’s needs are not specifiable.

• This is the weakest of all arguments

• It is always possible to specify needs

• There is always an identifiable need of some

sort.
What Distinguishes ESP from GE?
ANALYSIS FOR ESP AND GE:

WHAT DO WE MEAN BY “NEEDS”?


According to the language-centered
approach: it is “the ability to comprehend
and/or produce the linguistic features of the
target situation.”
Target needs: what the students needs to
do in the target situation
Learning needs: what the students needs to
do in order to learn.
Target Needs
– a) Necessities: according to the demands of the target
situation, this is what the learner has to know in order to
function effectively in that situation.

communicate
Business effectively at
letter/the sales
linguistic conferences/
features, Getting
discoursal,funti information
onal, structural, from sales
lexical catalogues.
– b) Lacks: according to what the learner already knows, we
decide what necessities are missing. There is a gap
between the existing proficiency and the target
proficiency.

– c) Wants: according to what we have considered from an


objective POV, we have to say that „a need does not exist
independent of a person.
Gathering Information About Target
Needs
Different ways in which information can be gathered
about needs:

• Questionnaires
• Interviews
• Observation
• Data collection
• Informal consultations

• Important: the choice will depend on the time and


resources available. And, needs analysis is not a
once-for-all activity. It should be a continuing
process.
A Target Situation Analysis Framework

1. Why is the language needed?


2. How will the language be used?
3. What will the content areas be?
4. Who will the learner use the language with?
5. Where will the language be used?
6. When will the language be used?
LEARNING NEEDS

What we have not considered yet is the route.


How are we going to get from our starting point to
the destination? The whole ESP process is
concerned not with knowing or doing, but with
learning.
We need to take into account the destination or
needs of a learning situation:
 A task that is enjoyable, fulfilling, manageable,
generative, etc.
 A project in class can be guided in terms of its
general orientation by the target situation, but its
specific content is a response to learning needs.
 For example, in a target situation students may need
to read long, dull, complex texts, but their motivation
may be high because:
1. They like the subject in general
2. Job/Promotion prospects may be involved
3. They will carry out interesting experiments or
practical work (based on
the texts)
4. They like and/or respect the teacher/boss.
ANALYSING LEARNING NEEDS

A framework for analysing learning


needs:
• Why are the learners taking the course?
• How do the learners learn?
• What resources are available?
• Who are the learners?
• Where will the ESP course take place?
• When will the ESP course take place?
Case Study

In a class, there is one ESP student who feels


bored when he is learning (not only in the class but
also out of the class). For example: when his
friends anthuciastic to speak and discuss, he stays
silent. As a teacher, could you make an order
based on the target needs from necessities, lacks
and wants to solve the problem?
Questions and Comments
Thank You

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