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March 2018 The SAT Question- and-Answer Service Use this with your QAS Student Guide and personalized QAS Report. What's inside: Test questions ~The Essay prompt administered on your test day oO CollegeBoard NOT FOR REPRODUCTION OR RESALE,Question-and-Answer Service ABOUT THE COLLEGE BOARD ‘The College Board 1s 2 mission-driven not-forprofi: organization that ‘conneste atudente to collage success and opportunity. Founded in 1900. the College Board was created to expand access to higher education. Today, the membership association Is made up of over 6,000 of the \waild’s leading educational institutions and is dedicated to promoting ‘excellence and equity in education, Hach year, the College Board belps more than seven million students prepare for a successful transition to ‘college through programs and services in celloze readiness and sollege ‘success—including the SAT" and the Advances Placomont Progras®, ‘The organization also serves the education community through resesr=h ‘and advocacy on behalf of studonts, educators, and sohools. For further Information, visit collogeboard.org. SAT CUSTOMER SERVICE You can reach us fiom 8 am, 109 pm. BT (9am. to7 pm after the June test through Augus: 19) Phone: 365-756-7346 International: +1-212-715-7789 Email
[email protected]
‘Mail; College Board SAT Program, PO. Box 025505, Miami, #139102 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction 2 Roading Toot 48 Writing and Language Test SA Math Test ~ No Calculator 42. Math Test ~ Caloulator 57 Rssay Prompt 192010 The Cooye Board. Oclage Done Advanced Dacoment Progr, $AT, ane tha scern loge are mylstered escent ofthe Golige Board ‘ine Cong Monroe was ciegboardena March GAS 3/10/18,tions on taking the SAT*| This booklet contains the SAT’ ‘March 2018, as well as the Bssay prompt you responded the SAT with Essay. This booklet contains every question Maron OAS 3/10/18Reading Test 65 MINUTES, 52 QUESTIONS Turn to Section 1 of your answer shoot to answer the questions In this section. ns Each passage or pair of passages below is follovred by a number of questions. After reading each passage or pait, choose the best answer to aach question based on what Is stated or Implied in the pessage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as. table or graph). ‘Questions 1-10 are based on the following passage, “This passage it adapted ftom Dinaw Mengestu, The Beautiful “Things That Heaven Bears, ©2007 by Dinaw Mengestu Naor, an elever-year-ld on a schoo! break, Is vting the nartator.« family fiend frm Ethiopia, atthe store he manages. They have madea plan to read the novel The Brothers Kararazev together, read forty or fifty pages that first day. Naomi read none, After Lead the first poge | waited for her to pick wp where Ihad left off but she insisted, in a Line voice that bordered on pleading, that I continue. 5 *One more,” she sad at first. And when that page hhad been completed, she ardded another “one more™ to that, until eventually there were so many “pleases” and “preity pleases” and “come on, pleases” that I ‘was left utterly defenseless. 10 looked up every couple of pages o see if Naomi ‘was still paying attention, and of conrse she was. Her attention, in fact, never seemed to waver. Ifelt her stating at me sometimes when iy eyes were focused ‘on the page, and I realized she was taking itll in, not 15 just the words, but me, and the scene that we had ‘created together. tried not to notice foo much, to simply Just live, bu that was impossible, Every time I looked st her U became ayeare of just how scemingly perfect this time was. I thought about how years from 29 nov 1 would remember this with a crushing, heartbreaking nostalgia, because af course | knew even then thai I would eventvally find myself March OAS 9/10/18 authored oorn ors an oat page eg standing here alone. And just as that knowledge ‘would threaten to destroy the scene, Naomi would 25 do something small, like turn the page too early or shif in her chair, and I would be happy once again. had more customers then, and I treated each {interruption to our reading as an assault on my privacy. When someone I didn't know entered the 40 stoze, Naomi would mark winere Thad left off so that Tcould keep my eyes on the person wandering around the aisles, She would take the book out of my hhand, put her finger on the exact word or sentence I hhad just concluded, and hold it there until I returned. 38 Tkept one man, who came tothe counter with a single roll of toilet paper under his arm, waiting for ‘more than « minute while I finished reading a page T hha just started. At fist he smiled and was charmed ‘by what he saw The charm wore off when [refused «© to acknowledge him. He responded by slamming the roll on the counter, inches from my face, end storming out. Naomi and I read on. I slipped into the characters as read. I grumbled and bellowed, slammed my fist onto the counter, and 45 threw my arms wide open. I knew this was exactly ‘what my father would have done had he been the one reading, He would have made the story an event, as ‘grand and rea as life, He must have told me hundreds, perhaps even thousands, of stories, not 40 justat night, but throughout the course of any given ay, over breakiast, during lunch, in the middle of conversation he might have been carrying on with my mother or friends. There was no wromg time with hhim, or ifthere was, he didn't live long enough for 35 me to see it. o>1 ‘The stories he invented himselfhe told with particular delight, They all began the same way, with ‘the same lighthearted tone, with a small wave of the hand, as ifthe world were being brushed tothe side, @ which I suppose for him itactually was. “Ah, that reminds me, Did I tell you about— ‘The farmer who was too lazy to plow his fields ‘The hyena who laughed himself to death The lion who tried to steal the monkey's dinner ‘65 The monkey who tried to steal the lion’s dinner?” If had heard the story before I et him tell it to ‘me again. His performance was that good, is love of 4 story that obvious, When Fyodor Karamazov spoke, I waved my hands wildly in the ait. 70 grumbled in a deep baritone and tried as hard a5 1 ould to do my father proud. ‘Ah, you fools.” I shouted out, and Naomi smiled in delight ‘Naomi found each ofthe characters 2s ral as, 275 anyone she met inthe street. “Qoob, I hate him,” she would ery out after a particularly cruel antic on the part of the elder Karamazov. When it came to Alysha, though, the youngest and gentlest ofthe Karamazov brothers, she 40 was willing to fall completely in love. ‘Over the course of the passage, the main shift in focus is from A) enancedote about an amusing event 10 @ xecollection of similar events from the narrator's childhood. B) anaccount of the early stages of a friendship to a foreshadowing of that fiendship's ultimate demise, ©) a description of an emotionally significant activity toa reflection on the narrator's early experiences with that activity. D) accharacter sketch of an individual toe consideration of how that individual has ‘changed the life ofthe narrator. ace pin or rin anyon of Wapae eles BRaeiiie ties As Eee Which choice best supports the conclusion that treading to Naomi interferes with some of the narrator's responsibilities? A) Line5 (One... first”) B) Lines 23-26 (“And just... again”) ©) Lines 29-32 (When... aisles") D) Lines 35-38 (I kept... started”) ‘The narrator’ descriptions of Naomi suggest thet she is notable for her A) empathy toward other people. B) ability to concentrate and observe. CC) talent for dramatizing Section ) optimism despite many hardships. Which choice best reflects the perspective of the narrator regarding his reading to Neomi? A) Heis unequivocally delighted, because reading to Neomi has provided him with a much-needed creative outlet B)_ Heis pleasantly surprised, because he did not expect Naomi to be so enthusiastic about reading ©) Heis occasionally regretful, because he is not as skilled a reader as his father was. D) Heis somewhat ambivalent, because he ‘knows that his reading time with Naomi will inevitably end. Maren Gas 3/10/18 EanWhich chotce provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? ‘A) ines 10-11 ("I looked ... she was") B) Lines 17-23 (‘Every ., alone”) C) Lines 38-42 (At first... read on”) D) Lines 68-71 ("When ... proud”) BESSA Ce ‘As used in line 34, “concluded” most nearly means A) decided. B) finished. C) inferred, D) dismissed. EE ee ae Ieean ceasonably be inferred from the passage that the narrators fether influenced him by A) creating an environment thet encouraged young people to express themselves. B) emphasizing what was mostimportantin a life ‘yell lived. ©) providing a model forthe dramatic recounting of story. D) exposing the narrator to a number of classic novels written by renowned authors ‘Maich OAS 9/10/18, Unnathorse eping reuse any prt hs papel Hast Ee ‘The passage indicates that the narrator's father viewed storytelling as something that ‘A) continued o long-standing family tradition. B) provided a means of bringing historical events to life C) helped children to distinguish good choices from bad ones. 1D) was part ofthe fabric of the family’s everyday tite ‘As used in line 53, “wrong” most nearly means ‘A) inappropriate. B) unjust. © immoral, D) inaccurate ‘Which situation is most similar to the one described. fn lines 66-68 (“If1... obvious”)? ‘A) Aviewer eagerly anticipates the new episodes of a television series each week. B) An artist paints favorite landscape at several diffecent hours of the day. © A moviegoer hap ity sees « particularly ‘memorable film fora second time. D) An actress repeatedly recites the lines of her script to improve her performance.11 Questions 11-20 are based on the following passage and supplementary material. “This passage is adapted from Adam Alter, Drunk Tank ink ‘And Other Unexpected Forces That Shape How We Think Fel, ‘nd Behave. ©2073 by Adam Alter. Perhaps the first experiment ever conducted in the ficid of social psychology suggests that humans are often faster and stronger when they test their Live speed and strength in the company af other people, ‘s rather than alone. ‘That study, conducted at Indiana University fn the late 1890s, was the brainchild of Norman ‘Triplet, a cycling enthusiast and a sports aficionado, In dozens of experiments he pushed cyclists to ride as 10 fast as they could on stationary bikes. Across his ‘observations, Triplett noticed thatthe cyclists tended ‘ode faster when other cyclists rode nearby. One ‘eyclist rode a mile in 2 mintes 48 seconds when alone, but managed to ride the same mile in 15 2 minutes 37 seconds in the company of four pacing eyelists similarly he rode ten miles in 33 minutes 17 seconds while riding alone, but rode the same distance two minutes faster when riding with several pacers. Triplett acknowledged that his observations 20 were far from rigorous, s0 he conducted an | experiment to show that the effect persisted in a tightly controlled lab study. ‘Triplett recruited forty children, ages eight to thirteen, to complete his study in 1897. He measured 4 how quickly the students could wind a fishing rel so ‘that e small flag attached to the line traveled a distance of sixteen meters. The task was simple but novel, and none of the children had played with fishing rods before the experiment. They performed 4 the task both alone and in the presence of other children, and Triplet noticed that they wound the rele fastr in the prosence of othere. He concluded that an audience enables people to “liberate latent energy” not normally available when they 35 perform alone. Science doesn't always tell simple stories, and other researchers challenged ‘Triplet’s groundbreaking results well into the twentieth century. While some researchers replicated Triplett’s 49 effect—now known as the socal facilitation efiect— ‘there found the opposite effect, known as social inlubition, Joseph Pessin and Richard Husband asked ‘participents in their study to loarn c simple maze ‘either blindfolded alone or blindfolded in the ‘of other people. The blindfolded orto ot ayy che rag ag 1] participants traced their fingers slong the maze, and reversed each time they encountered one often dead cends, Instead of performing better in front of an audience, Pessin and Husband's participants 0 completed the mare more quickly when they were alone. Inconsistencies like these persisted for years, until social psychologist Bob Zajonc proposed a solution: itall depends on the nature ofthe task. Audiences 45 accentuate our instinctive responses and make it more difficult to override those responses in favor of ‘more carefully considcred alternatives. The children in Triplet’s experiment devoted little thought and attention to frantically winding the experimental fishing reel. In contrast, learning a mare is difficult, and it requires concentration. Pessin and Husband’s ‘maze learners wore probably distracted by the knowledge that they were being wetched, and feared ‘making a mistake in front of an audience, 65 Zajonc avoided experimenting with humans at first, choosing,to observe the behavior of seventy-two cockroaches instead. With a small team of researchers, he devised two small athletic tasks that required the cockroaches to scuttle from a brightly lit 20 area ina small box to a more appealing darker ‘compartment, Some ofthe cockroaches completed & simpler task, in which they ran along e straight runway from the glare ofthe box to the darkened goal compartment. The remaining cockroaches 175 completed a more difficult task, traversing a more complex maze before they could escape the light Some ofthe cockroaches completed these tasks alone, but the researchers also built a small audience boxto force some ofthe athletic cockroaches to 40 compete in front of an audience of roach spectators. Just as the researchers predicted, the cockroaches were mach quicker to cover the straight runway when watched by an auclience, reaching the darkened goal compartment an average of twenty-three 4 seconils more quickly when they were performing before a crowd. But the cockroach athletes responded very differently to an audience when they were faced vith the complex maze, reaching the goal seventy-six seconcls more quickly when they were alone. The 99 same audience that pushed the cockroaches to perform the simpler task more quickly also delayed them when the task was more complex. Maren OAS 9/10/18 E>Human Performance of Easy and Difficult ‘Tasks in Different Audience Scenarios ‘Mcasy task , 0 tmaiiicale ask z 35, each 254 & a is] 4 ol < ST al alone ‘inattentive attentive ode aon ‘Performance condition ‘dso rom lzel Markus The fet of Mere Presenceon Socal Faction: An Unobtrsiv Test” ©1578 by Academic Pres, re Partcipants were observed performing an easy task (such as puting on their shoes) anda cificult rast (such as putting bon aback-tying lab coat EEsmmakes Tt aS ‘The main purpose of the passage isto ‘A) assert thatthe majority of people earn more effectively in a group than they do alone, B) present the contradictory results of two studies about learning that have each been considered groundbreaking ©) show how various experiments helped establish and refine the understanding ofan audience's effect on performance, D) chronicle the historical development of competing theories of social interaction. March OAS 2/10/18 Unauterseeering area g fhe page ga a Which choice best represents the different me cof *simple” as used in line 27 and line 362 A). Easys straightforward B) Mindless; sincere ©) Pffortless; humble 1D) Innocents uncomplicated Based on the passage, the design of Triplets fishing-reel experiment most likely raled out which potential objection to his findings? ‘A) Improvements in the subjects’ performance after being asked to perform the task infront of an audience may reflect the subjects’ increasing competence atthe task. B) Differences between the subjects! performance ‘with an audience and their perfomance without an audience may be influenced by the subjects" prior experience withthe task, ©). Variations in performance among the subjects ‘under either audience condition may be attributed to variations in the subjects’ ages and physical development. 1D) Changes in the subjects’ performance after belng putin front of an audience may result from some subjects observing and imitating the performance ‘of more highly skilled subjects, go _ ES Which choice provides the best evidence forthe answer tothe previous question? A) Lines 19-22 (Triplett... study”) B) Lines 23-24 (“Triplett 18977) ) Lines 27-29 (*tThe task... experiment”) D) Lines 29-32 “They... others")‘As presented in the passage, Triplett would most likely agree that human beings A) are capable of ultimately mastering almost any task with which they are presented, B) exhibit a general tendency to avoid attempting difficult tasks when they are alone ©) have a strong desire to cooperate with other members of a group. 1D) possess abilitics that they are not lways able to exploit: ‘Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? |A) Lines 9-10 (“In dozens...bikes") B) Lines 32-35 ("He concluded . .. alone”) C) Lines 36-39 ("Science ... century") 1D) Lines 39-42 ("While inhabition”) a Based on the passage, which choice best describes ‘what happened when the cockroaches in Zajonc’s ‘experiment attempted fo complete the complex maze in front of a cockroach audience? ‘A) The cockroaches became less hesitant in making choices than they had been without an audience. 1B) The cockroaches completed the maze more slowiy than they had without an audience. ©) The cockroaches in the maze appeared to communicate directly with the audience, 1D) The cockroaches sought out the simpler task Instead of the complex maze. Unseen oping rset of anyprtf Ne ape He “The author uses the terms “athletic cockroaches.” “roach spectators,” and “cockroach athletes" in the last paragraph of the passage most likely to A) call attention tothe similarity of the two experiments described. B) stress the skepticism with which the author views the design ofthe experiment. ©) create a casual tone that offsets the seriousness of the work being done, ) reinforce the idea that the observed cockroach behavior is comparable to that of humans. ‘According to the graph, how long did it take participants, on average, to perform an easy task when they were alone? |A). More than 10 seconds but less than 15 seconds 8) More than 15 seconds but less than 20 seconds ©) More than 20 seconds but less than 25 seconds, D) More than 25 seconds but less than 30 seconds Information about which ofthe following is presented in the graph but NOT discussed in the passage? |A) The time needed to complete tasks B) Difficult tasks ©) Tasks performed alone D) Am inattentive audience March OAS 2/10/18) E>11 Questions 21-31 are based on the following passages. Passage | i adapted om Christine DaltArexe, "Why Do ores Have Stripes? New Study Offers Strong Evidence.” {2701 dby tational Geographic Society. Passage 2s adapted from Lauca Foppick “Wy De Zebras Have Stipes? Its Not For amoufiage." ©2015 by Purch. Passage 1 ‘The question of why zebras have stripes hes ‘puzzled scientists—including Darwin—for over a
i1 : Caro said regions with warmer, wetter climates 0 are particulary susceptible to several species of digense-carrying fies other than the tsetse lis that the team considered in their study, and that the relationship the researchers found may actually be a fanction of fly avoidance, not thermoregulation. Which choice best supports the idea that Caro’s team’s study may be relevant to animels other than zebras? A) Lines 1-6 (“The question... socially) B)_Lines 10-13 ("We found .. . Davis") C) Lines 14-16 (For... maps") D) Lines 31.34 (“The resis... study") In describing the new study's approach as “broad ‘brush’ (line 38), Larison suggests that the study 4A) produce resus that ae relevant toan aay of ‘Gente dicpines, 3) cevealed that further research wil equize a Specie focus ©) ‘sed theoretical question that proved unanswerable, ) collected far more data than could be analyzed propel “According to Larison in Passage 2, the reason stripes ‘are particularly beneficial to zebras is probably because zebras |A) endure greater exposure to the midday sun than other grazers do, B) cannot escape predators as easly as other grazers hot regions can, C) live in hor, dry climates that lack an adequate food supply for most grazers. D) defend themselves more poorly against predator attacks than other grazers do, tana copyma ore of any utes page les Tn Passage 2, the fourth paragraph (lines 63-69) siainly serves to A) note a distinction between zebras and other animals with stripes. 8) suggest that a weakness in ebra physiology mightbe mitigated by stipes. ©) imply that Caro's research is based on. false premise about zebras’ grazing betiavior. 1D) describe differences between zebras in warm. climates and those in cool climates. PEaRA Passage 2 implies that Larison’s team's study falls short of being definitive because Larison 'A) disregarded facts that did not support her conclusions. 1B) used research methods that have not proved effective © id not build on the achievements of prior research on the subject. 1D) bas yet to confirm a key assumption made in the study. ‘Which choice provides the best evidence for the ‘answer tothe previous question? A) Lines 49-53 ("The scientists B) Lines $4-56 ("These . fies”) ©) Lines 70-76 ("The team .... explanation”) D) Lines 77-81 (Still... effect”) region”) ‘March OAS 9/10/18 o>Based on Passage 2, Caro would most likely agree ‘with which ofthe following statements about coloration patterns containing black stripes? A) They have an unknown genetic basis. B) ‘They might hinder thermoregulation in animals. ©) They occur in nature very sarely D) Theyare aesthetically unappealing eg Tn Passage 2, the phrase “particalarly susceptible” ine 90) mainly serves to A) point out a flaw in Larison’s conception of zebras’ geographic renge. )_ emphasize the abundance of pests where some zebras Live ©) highlight the challenges the terrain presents to zebras in avoiding predators, D) iroply that the heat oftheir environment affects zebras more negatively than it does other graves, ‘The primary purpose of both passages is to consider studies that A) describe the process by which stripes became ‘widespread among zebra species. 1B) Gispntea common misconception regarding rebras' stripes ©) explore the likely benefit that zebras derive from their stripes 1D) compare zebras’ stripes to coloration in other animal species. Maren OAS 2/10/18 nator oping cease ats pa oh pee 10 Based on the description of Caro’s study in Passage L and that of Larison’s study in Passage 2, with which claim regarding zebras would both rescarchers most likely agree? A) Stripes in zebras are used primarily fora different purpose than to provide camouflage 2B). ‘The role of stipes in zebras remaos as elusive today as in the pas. (©) The evolution of stripes in zebr: response to predation. DP) The geographic locations in which zebras live do ‘ot influence stripe pattems. in direct a zi In the passages, Garo and Larison defend their conclusions by relying on A) several experiments that simulate conditions in nature. BB) ficld observations over the course of several months. ©) data collected from various museums and maps. 1D) observed correlations among multiple variables,yi Questions 32-42 are based on the following passage. ‘This passage i rom Chatlos Dickens, Amafcan Notes for General Circuleion, Originally published n 1892. After spending sx months traveling in North Americ, British rovellst Charles Dickens wrote en accountof his travels and ofthe peoplehe encountered. But I may be perdoned, if om such a theme asthe general character of the American people, and the zgeneral character of their socil system, as presented Line to a stranger’ eyes, I desize to express my own 5 opinions in few words, before [bring these volumes toaclose. ‘They are, by nature, frank, brave, cordial, hospitable, and affectionate. Cultivation and sefinement seem but to enhance their warmth of 10 heart and ardent enthusiasm: and it is the possession. of these latter qualities in a most remarkable degree, ‘which renders an educated American one of the most endearing and most generous of friends. [never was so won upon, as by this class; never yielded up my 1s full confidence and esteem so readily and pleasurably, as to them; never can make again, in alfa year, ‘many friends for whom 1 seem to entertain the regard of halflife, "These qualities are natural implicitly believe, to 20 the whole people. That they ate. however, sedly sapped and blighted in their growth among the mass, and that there ae influences at work which endanger | ‘them still more, and give but lide present promise of their healthy restoration; i truth that ought to 25 betold. ' Itis an essential part of every national characterto | pique! itself mightily upon its faults, and to deduce tokens ofits virtue or its wisdom from their very exaggeration. One great blemish in the popular mind 430 of America, and the prolific parent of an inaumerable brood of evils, is Universal Distrust. ‘Yet the American citizen plumes himself upon this spirit, even when he is sutficiently dispassionate to ‘perceive the ruin it works; and will offen adduce it, in 25 spite of his own reason, as an instance ofthe great sagacity and acuteness ofthe people, and their i superior shrewdness and independence. i “You carry,’ says the stranger, this jealousy end distrust into every transaction of public life. By repelling, | 40 worthy men from your lepislative assemblies thas | ‘bred up a class of candidates forthe suffrage, who, in thelr very act disgrace your Insitutions and your = people's choice. It has rendered you so fickle, andso | Unaudited coppers fen putes paces " | given to change, that your inconstancy has passed 4 into a proverb: for you no sooner set up an idol firmly, than you are suze to poll tdown and dash it into fragments: and this, because directly you reward a benefactor, ora public servant, you distrust him, rerely because he is rewarded; and immediately s0 apply yourselves to find out, ether that you have been too bountiful in your acknowledgments, or he remiss in his deserts, Any man who attains @ high place among you, from the President downwards, zmay date his downfall fom that moment: for any «5 printed lie that any notorious villain pens although it militate directly against the chatacter and conduct of life, appeals at once to your distrust, and is believed, ‘You will strain at gnat in the way of trustfulness and confidence, however fairy won and well 9 deserved; but you will swallow a hole caravan of. camels, if they be laden with unvorthy doubts and ‘mean suspicions. Is this well, think you, or likely to clevate the character of the governors oF the governed, among you?” ‘65 The answer is invariably the same: "There's freedom of opinion here, you know. Every man. thinks for himself, nd we are not to be easily ‘overreached, That's how our people come to be suspicious.” "eke pri in 2 inckaga wn cetictetetion 132 e ‘One central idea of the passage is that Americans’ 'A)wariness of their elected representatives has led to poor judgment on the part of citizens and to inferior candidates for public office, B) distrust ofboth thei fellow citizens and foreigners means that Americans will remain insular and unrefined. C)_perceptiveness and independence have enabled Americans to be astute judges oftheir elected officials 1D) suspiciousness of their politicians has ‘undermined the government and contributed to widespread instability. ‘Mazeh GAS 3/10/18 >(Over the course ofthe passage, Dickens's main focus shifts from A) defending Americans against the charge of being ‘uncultivated to conceding that Americans would ‘benefit from being more refined. B) describing particular kindnesses shown to him by Americans to questioning why Americans are so suspicious of their own countrymen, ©). discussing the tendency of nations to take pride fn their faws to recommending thet Americans view themselves more critically. ‘D) praising admirable qualities identified with Americans to expressing concern about certain objectionable American traits. As used in line 2 and line 3, “character” most nearly A) symbol B) rank. ©) nature, D) portrayal. ‘Which choice provides the best evidence for the idea that Americans too readily accept unfounded criticism oftheir elected leaders? A) Lines 7-13 (They... friends”) B) Lines 13-18 ("Tnever. life") ©) Lines 52-57 ("Any. .. believed”) D) Lines 62-64 ("Isthis... you") March oas 3110/18 Unstnanecpyng aro fy pat tape eg ‘As used in line 18, “regard” most nearly means A) care. B)_ motive ©) appreciation. D) aspect | esSSSN cS eahS OR Dickens suggests thatthe tendency toward suspicion exhibited by many Americans is especially problematic because it A) causes people to be distrustfil oftheir neighbors ‘and acquaintances. B)_emboldens people to challenge each other's judgments ©) invites people to act with too great a degree of independence, D) encourages people to act against their best interests. ‘As used in line 35, “reason” most nearly meansNew Dickens most likely adopts the point of view of “the stranger” (line 38) in order to |A) expose harsh criticisms of Americans that he Delieves to be unfounded. 18) dramatize a strong view of a certain American intellectual tendency in an imaginary conversation. ©} articulate a view of Americans that he previously held and has since abandoned. 1D) report on 2 conversation that he had with a ‘particular American citizen. Tn the passage, Dickens implies that Am political leaders are often. ‘A) untresponsive to thelr constituents. B) undeserving of the positions they hold. ©) too changeable in their judgments, 1D) well positioned to wield their authority cing ore nar of pga Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? ‘A) Lines 39-43 ("By repelling... choice") B)_ Lines 43-45 ("It has... proverb”) C) Lines 47-49 ("directly .. rewarded”) D) Lines $8-62 ("You will... suspicions") Bi According to the passage, Americans quickly turn ‘against the elected leaders they had recently idolized because Americans ‘A) are suspicious that anyone who is elected might not be worthy ofthe honor. BB) have learned from experience that elected. representatives are likely to be corrupt. (©) know that elected officials abandon their political platforms soon after being elected. 1D) distrust the political institutions that are the foundation of the American government. March OAS 2/10/18 E>11 Questions 43-52 are based on the following Passage and supplementary material. This passage is adapted from Kell Servick, ‘Gut Bugs May Seoxt Fu Shot's effects” ©2014 by American Association for the Advancement of Sciance, very year, some unlucky people get the flu even though they've had their seasonal shot, One reason, according to new study, might be their gut bacteria, lune Researchers have shown that, a least in mice, a 5 strong immune response tothe flu vaceine relies in orton signals from intestinal microbes. The findings ‘ould help explain variation in the response to the vaccine and suggest ways to maximize its cffectiveness (0 Thenewevidence came out of a curious observation that researchers revealed in a 2011 paper. Boli Pulendran, an immunologist t Emory University in Atlanta, and colleagues were looking for genetic signatures in the blood of people injected 45 with the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine—a ‘mixture of three fu strains. They wanted to know ‘whether the expression of specific genes in the immune system's white blood cells correlated with the amount of vaccine-specific antibodies in the 20 blood—which indicates how strongly a person's Jmmune system responds to the shot, and how much protection that person will gein against future Infections, In along list of genes associated with strong vaccine response, the researchers found an 25 unexpected one: the gene that codes far a protein «called toll-like receptor 5 (TLRS), “We thought this must just be a coincidence” Pulendran says. TLRS isa sensor of flagellin, a protein that makes up the appendages of bacteria. 30 Why would a receptor that interacts with bacteria in the gut have anything to do with the body's response to a Virus injected into muscle? Maybe, the group thought, B cells—the white blood cells that produce antibodies—receive a signal from bacteria that boosts 35 their activity ‘To explore that possibility, the researchers signed a new study using mice, They geve the flu vaccine to three different groups: mice genetically engineered to lack the gene for TLRS, gecm-free mice 49 with-no microorganisms in their bodies, and mice that ad spent 4 wrecks drinking water laced with antibiotics to obliterate most of their microbiome. Seven days after vaccination, all three groups showed signiftcantly reduced concentrations of 48 vaccine-specific antibodies in their blood compared March OAS 3/10/18 chose dog rr fa ot tsp ea 1] with vaccinated control mice. The reduction was less marked by day 28, as blood antibody levels appeared tn rebound. But when the researchers observed the mice lacking 715 on the 8Sih day after vaccination, so their antibodies seemed to have dipped again, suggesting that without this bacterial signaling, the effects ofthe flu vaccine wane more quickly. ‘The researchers sow similar results when they ‘gave mice a polio vaccine, which. like the fla shot, 53 uses an inactivated virus and doesn't contain so-called adjuvants—additives that boost the body's immune response, Pulencran and colleagues suggest that these weaker, adjuvant-Ieeking vaccines rely ‘more heavily on bacterial signaling. (They didn't see 0 the sare results with the live virus inthe yellow fever vaccine, for example.) [No specific type of bacteria seemed more important than another in prompting the vaccine response. But further experiments showed a major 46 role for macrophages—immune cells that display pieces ofthe virus to activate B cells and that can also recognize Hagellin, Pulenciran’s favored explanation is that (lagellin manages to break through the lining of the intestines to citculate in the body end activate 70 Balls and macrophages, amping up antibody production, But where and how the interaction happens “is a huge mystery.” he says. “We don't have ‘he fall answer.” Figure 1 Concentration of Vaecine-Specific Antibodies 7 Days after Vaccination {aD conta at? day) Be ea EEE Relative concentration of antibodies wild (control) without given ‘Ths anti ‘germ tics free Mouse type re»Figure 2 ‘Concentration of Vaccine-specitic ‘Antibodies over Time 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.00 | 80 0.60 oo 020 0.00 ‘control at 7 days) (1.00 Relative concentration of antibodies © 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 ~ Days after vaceination ‘Mouse type —* wild (contro) o> without Tis Foures edapted from Jeson 2 0h stl "TAS Wecated Sensing of “Gutimcrebiots ic Nocaar ror Artbody Responses to Seasonal luenzaVaceinaion” £2014 by Eevee ‘The primary purpose of the passage isto |A) discuss research on a factor that influences ‘vaccine effectiveness, B)_desctibe how vaccines are tested for safety and efficacy. C)_ presenta study of the role of bacteria in causing illness. D) anclyze the genetic components ofthe flu virus. 91a otay patoftspzce lea. 15 Eisenia: Gis, — —_—_ In the second paragraph (ines 10-26), the author uses the words “curious” and “unexpected” primarily to suggest that Pulendean and lns colleagues A) did not anticipate thatthe gene coding for TLRS ‘would be so widespread in the people who received the trivalent veecine. 1) assumed that the gene coding for TERS would not be found in any of the people with weak mmune responses to the trivalent vaccine, C)_ were surprised to find a link between the expression of the gene coding for TLRS and relatively high counts of trivalent vraccine-specific antibodies. D) had previously overlooked the connection between the gene coding for TLRS and changes {in white blood cells in response to the trivalent vaccine, ae ‘Which statement regarding subjects who hed strong immune responses to the trivalent vaccine can be ‘most reasonably inferred from the passage? A) They demonstrated higher white blood cell counts in response to the trivalent vaccine than in response to other vaccines. B) They had a similar pattern of gene expression ‘that was not found in subjects with weak responses to the vaccine, ©) They showed immunity to fu strains other than ‘those for which the trivalent vaccine was intended. D) They possessed some types of intestinal bacteria that previously had been observed only in mice. March OAS 9/10/18 Er‘Which choice provides the best evidence for the ‘answer to the previous question? A) Lines 4-6 ("Researchers ... micrabs B) Lines 12-16 ("Bali .. strains”) ©) Lines 23-26 ("In a... TLRS") D) Lines 28-29 (*TLRS. .. bacteria") Rees a According to the passage, which statement best explains the hypothesis that Pulendcan’s group tested in their experiment with mice? A) Bells must receive signals from intestinal bacteria to begin producing vaccine-specific antibodies. BY Vaccines containing active viruses must be ‘ecompanied by adjuvants to generate a strong inumune response ©) The effectiveness of vaccines at stimulating flagellin activity depends on the presence of the jgene that codes for TLRS. ‘D) The strength of the immune response following ‘vaccination is related to the white blood cells detection of signals from intestinal bacteri Mazon OAS 3/10/18 Usuaoe cpying rt t any par ctmcpane i ars 16 ‘The main purpose of the last paragraph is to A) question the overall importance of the vaccine response in light of new discoveries. B) suggest that the researchers who studied the vaccine response were uncertain about their data ©) emphasize the fact chat further research into the nature of the vaccine response is necessary. ‘D) urge other scientists to consider furthering the existing work regarding the vaccine response. ‘As used in line 63, “prompting” most nearly means A) inciting, B) suggesting. ©) shortening. D) refreshing.re Lae “According to figure 1, the relative concentration of ‘vaccine: specific antibodies in the germ-free mice 7 days after vaccination was closest to which value? ‘Based on the pessage and figures | and 2, how would the bars in figure t most likely change if they focused fn the concentration of vaccine-specific antibodies arnan 14 days after vaccination? B) 0.30 A) The bar for the mice without TIrS would be me ©) 100 z B) ‘The bar for the mice given antibiotics would be D) 1.20 higher than the bar for the control mice. C) The bar for the control mice only would be = | ae Tees jest Asta newness concentrations of vaccine-speciic antibodies in | control mice and in mice without THs? A) They increased between 7 and 28 days after ‘vaccination. 3B) ‘They reached thei highest points 85 days after vaccination. (©) ‘They began to decrease 28 days after vaccination, D) They returned to thelr lowest levels 85 days after ‘vaccination. L STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work ont Do not turn to any other section. section only. Maret OAS 3/10/18 unsuvenzasecyn crs fan bar oth pages en WwWriting and Language Test 35 MINUTES, 44 QUESTIONS ‘Turn to Section 2 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. om ach passage below is accompanied by a number of questions, For some questions, you will consider how the passage might be revised to improve the expression of ideas. For ther questions, you will consider how the passage might be edited to correct errors in sentence structure, usage, or punctuation. A passage or a question may be accompanied by ‘one or more graphics (such as a table or graph) that you will consider as you make revising and esiting decistons, Some questions wil direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. Other questions will direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole. After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively Improves the quailty of writing in the passege or that makes the passage conform to the conventions of standard written English. Many questions include a*NO CHANGE” option. Choose that option Ifyou think the best choice is to leave the relevant portion of the passage asitis, ‘Questions 1-11 are based on the following passage. Agriculture Grows Up [1] Current agricultural proctices will not be able to meet the needs of the world's growing population, which isexpected to rise to 9.6 billion by the year-2050, [2] The amounts of arable land, water, and fossil fuels necessary to feed so many people using conventions! agricultural methods ar simply too grat. [3] Vertical farms maximize available space by stacking plant racks on top of each other inside skyscrapers and by growing crops year-round, regardless of weather conditions. [4] This | method of farming inereases crop production per square ‘Maren OAS 3/10/18 rate oppncr tea yp aa 18 En a |2 eter, yielding much more food than does a traditional og arming method employed on an equivalent area of land. ‘To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 5 should be placed ] One creative alternative is vertical farming: growing, A) where it is now. crops arranged vertically inside tall buildings rather than Re spread horizontally on land, C) afeteneence’2 Conventional agriculture uses 70 percent of the D) after sentence 3 r Pe world's available drinking water for tigation, while vertical farming techniques are much more efficient in a ee Sees A) NOCHANGE roots of plants directly rather than irrigating the s a 2 aroun the plants, vera frets uae Ks water than do Bae [Eb reiional places ke farms. Other waer-fcent rethods available to vertical farmers are hydroponics a (suspending pln in troughs ofcicobtingnstriet- =A). NOCHANGE niche wate and aeroponis(rigating plans with 3B) farms using tracitionl methods ©) uadiiona farmers ay ates wane tie = _ oe Axthis point, the writer is considering adding the | following sentence, | Wheat, corn, and rice are problematic to grow vertical farms because ofthe large amount of. space these crops require relative to the amount of food they produce, Should the writer make this addition here? 'A)_ Yes, because Ir presents a claim that is countered later in the passag B) Yes, because it gives an example that supports the main point ofthe paragraph. ©) No, because it distracts from the focus of the paragraph by adding irrelevant information. D) No, because it contradicts a point made earlier in the paragraph. Maren OAS 3/10/18 TEE arses 19 Irj2 ‘Because their indoor facilites can be placed ‘anywhere there i Ef sufficient light and energy, vertical farms can be located where they J had been most ceded in cities, Establishing farms in cites not only provides residents with fresh produce gl but also seduces the fossil fuel consumed during chipping, Salad {greens from the Chicago-based company Farmedtlere, for example, are sold within a few miles of the vertical farm where they are harvested, By contrast, most lettuce consumed i (Chicago must be transported over 1,000 miles by truck before its eaten. March OAS 4/10/18 UnautorleopAng or reuse year os page's est 20 A) NO CHANGE B) just about enough ‘© an unobjectionable amount of D) a plenitude ofessential A) NO CHANGE BY vere © are D) arebeing A) NO CHANGE B) and also reduces ©) asitalso reduces D) while also reducingeS 21 Despite the advantages of vertical farming, itcanbe | : | difficult to construct buildings that let in enough sunlight i Which choice most effectively sets up the next sentence in the paragraph? for crops to grow, and fl the energy needed to eae A) NO CHANGE supplement or replace sunlight with atifical light can be 5 Sem Shee eat prohibitively expensive. However, preliminary ; according to location. experiments with low-cost LED lights have been o oe oe likely need some knowledge promising, showing that farming with artificial light can iD) Gitta that ee creed papslola ay weeks be fete a MUM aad great ale: More oom for more bllngs. experiments are necessary to demonstrate the viability of vertical farms, which Dickson {JJ Despommier professor a ” sit A) NO CHANGE of, public health and environmental health sciences at |) large Columbia University, believes could make cites nearly Mies selEsulficient food producers. Stil, as demend for D) large and alo extensive | agricultural produce continues to increase, I vertical- \ farming advocates will likely encourage consumers to oo patronize local business, including vertical farms, A) NO CHANGE B)_ Despommier, professor of ©) Despommier professor, of D) Despommier professor of oo ‘The writer wants a conclusion thet restates the main doa of the passage. Which choice best accomplishes this goal? A) NO CHANGE B)_vertical-farming advocates seck additional ways to allow sunlight into city buildings so the plants can grow. ) researchers are continuing to investigate the feasibility of using low-cost CED lights in vertical farming. D) vertical farming and similar efforts to meet the ‘world’s nutritional nesd: can only become more important. March AS 3/10/18 EEE ap psrsrasraen tes a En»Questions 12-22 are based onthe following passage. | IE | 4) NOCHANGE A Singer Finds Her Voice B) writers and In the spring of 1963, African Americans aérossthe | C) writers and, United States learned that the civil rights eadler ‘Martin Luther King Jr. had been arrested at a nonviolent Li] demonstration protesting racial segregation in Alabama, i A) NO CHANGE ‘As King worked on his historic “Letter from Birmingham aes Jail” many Afvican American musicians. BB yriters, 1 © advance ‘and, other artists looked for ways to use their skills to, I D) elaborate [BB increase the cause of civ rights. One such artist, celebrated singer Nina ff] Simone; became a strong Ly public voice for the movernent, ME having studied 4) NOGHANGE las music at he Jl School a New York Git, 2 D) Simone ‘The waiter wants fo introduce one ofthe passage’s important Ideas. Which choice best accomplishes this goal? A) NO CHANGE B) even though she hesitated at first to takea prominent role ) although her early musical work was in zz and cabaret. D) an unsurprising turn of events for such @ talented singer. | Mares OAs 3/10/18 ten comping or mtn at at 22 EnJ2 ‘Simone’s friend, the dramatist Lorraine Hansberry, hhad recently brought national attention to racial inequality through her play A Raisin in the Sun, Haansberry was passionate about inspiring her fellow artists to be more outspoken in support of civil sights. [iG However, she pointedly asked Simone Bd what she was doing for the movement while its most visible leader sat in aja cell. Although Simone was an avid supporter, she said she did not see herself in a kadership roe. simi ‘unease about playing a more vocal part in the movement IJ were based largely on her misgivings about mixing politics with popular music, She thought thata three-minute song wes too bref to adequately conveys nuanced political message. [| Moreover, scemed to her that popular music, typically intended for light entertainment, did not provide the dignity the subject matter deserved. She feared that noble ideals ‘would be cheapened if expressed to the tune ofa pop song, Hansberry, however, urged her to reconsider. ‘ator eying on fry pr i peg eg A) B) oO D) : A) 3) ° NO CHANGE Regardless, On the contrary, DELETE the underlined portion and capitalize the next word. NO CHANGE vas she doing anything for the movement while its most visible leader satin a jail cell, ‘whether she was doing anything for the movement while its most visible leader sat in a jail cell? what she was doing for the movement while its ‘most visible leader sat ina jail cellt NO CHANGE have been The writer is considering deleting the underlined sentence. Should the sentence be kept or deleted? A) 8) ° D) Kept, because it elaborates on a key term that is used in the paragraph Kept, because it adds an additional deta that ‘supports the main point of the paragraph, ‘Deleted, because it distracts from the paragraphs discussion by introducing irrelevant information. Deleted, because it merely repeats information that is found earlier in the passage. March OAS 9/10/18 arOnly afew months after King’s arest the backlash j agsinst civil rights activists intensified. News of violent | acts caried out against civil rights demonstrators and even bystanders shocked the public. The BM] events ismayed Simone. In 1964 she wrote and performed her fst protest song to express her anguish. Other such songs followed, Simone decided thet Hansberry had been Tight-—the stage and the airwaves could be used to promote the struggle for civil rights and BM have denounced discrimination and violence, In 1965, a the age of 34, Hansberry died In 1970, Simone composed a political anthem end named itafter a play based on Hansberry’s work “To Be Young, Gifted, and Bleck” The song was a heartfelt tribute to the artist and activist who had inspired Simones own political development. EE i March 04S sn0/18 Usui cpg ots of apt otra eg 24 2 SRS Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at the underlined portion? A) events so dismayed Simone that in 1964 she wrote and performed B) events dismayed Simone; in 1964 Simone wrote and performed ©) events, to her dismay, caused her in 1964 to write and perform D) events, dismaying her, caused her in 1964 to, write and perform H A) NO CHANGE B) denounce ©) denouncing D) will denounce a i ‘The writer wants a conclusion that emphasizes how Simone sought to motivate members of her audience to take political action of their own, Which choice best accomplishes this goal? A) For Simone, the meaning of the song was more {important than the melody or the complexity of ‘the Iyrics—she just wanted to reach people with hhor message. B) Ina fitting turn, Simone encouraged listeners to recognize their abilities and dedicate them to the ‘cause of civil rights, just as Hansberry had done for her, ©) Simone eventually eit the United States, but she continued to produce music that made her a ‘worldwide phenomenon, D) Simone was invited to New York City in 1971 to receive a commendation from the Cangress of Racial Equality for hes musical work. | ad|2 Questions 23-33 are based on the fellowing passage ‘and supplementary material. “The Inner Workings of Work BBA specialist within the field of psychology, industial/organizational (1/0) psychologists are hired by companies to apply psychological principles and research methods tothe workplace. With the goal of improving workplace culture and organization, 1/0 payehologists study many elements of a company, such as hiring ‘processes, tratnlng, and employee work habits, and help {implement changes to improve them, Though hiring an 10 psychologist is an expense a company Ef maybe cof taking omit pays off an Investment in the expert «guidance of an 1/0 psychologist can yield process improvements increased job satisfaction among employees, and cost savings. nave oping or ree ony parreensyage les 25 12) a B) 9 D) 12] a B) ° D) 6 aE ce NO CHANGE Specialists within the field Being a specialist within the Geld ‘Those that are specialists within the fields NO CHANGE maybe weary may be wary maybe weary “March 048 S/10/38 n>j2 10 psychologists strive to promote productivity and cooperation among employees. Eduardo Salas, an 1/0 psychologist et the Insitute for Simulation and Training at the University of Central Flovida, consults with ‘organizations to study how employees interact with each ‘ther and respond to challenges. For example, he hes worked with NASA to study team I dynamic’s among astronauts and the variable’s inherent in the isolated and dicey environment of enter space. “Tis uswally context specif.” Salas sys of his tearn-traiing strategy So, when working with NASA, his goal was to provide recommendations that would keep astronauts safe and productive. March OAs aioe Usuhorzc copingeusect ary prt tena Ra, 2] ES TN A) NO CHANGE B) dynamics among astronauts and the variables ©), dymami's among astronauts end the variables D) dynamics among astronauts and the variable’s Lo MES TISS A) NO CHANGE B) dodgy ©) chancy D) hazardousging. the efiectiveness of /O psychologists. A company’s success depends largely on worker ‘$28,000 per person annually, Bi) To minimize such may design training courses to help employees learn new slalls or adyance to leadership positions. morale; 2010 Gallup study, found that productivity lost by unhappy, disengaged workers costs companies | losses, some I/O psychologists research ways to make employees feel valued and engaged. For example, they 2 Which choice provides the best introduction to the main idea ofthe paragraph? 4) NO CHANGE B)_ Employee productivity can be affected by a ‘variety of factors. €)_1O psychologists can also improve workplaces by focusing on employee satisfaction. D) Imaddition to making recommendations, /O psychologists can suggest effective ways of {implementing them. A) NO CHANGE B) morale—a 2010 Gallup study, ©) morale, 2010 Gallup study, 1D) morale: 22010 Gallup study ‘Which choice provides the best transition from the previous sentence? A) NOCHANGE B) Despite that study, ©) Although workers ae often disengeged, D) Since productivity can vary, March OAS 9/10/18, nrj2 ‘A 2014 survey ofthe 500 fastest-growing private ‘companies in the US found that more than half ere ooking for tmnovative ways to attract and retain high-performing employees. To meet these needs, companies are increasingly turning to the JJ intuitions provided by /O psychology. The US Bureau of Labor ‘Statistics reports that I/O psychology is stl a relatively sel fet | the total number of psychologists is ‘expected tp increase 12 percent from 2012 to 202: However, UO psychology is one ofthe fastest-growing fields in the country, expected to grow BU 178900 employees between 2012 and 2022 Employment Projections for Psychologists, 2012-2022 ae | Pevoene Ocupatonal] 2012 | 2922 | incense, tie Jemplayment| Awe | oor3 2002 i (projected) | Clinicel, sown | aso0 | 61500 | 1% psschologs Tndustal/ orgeniratonal] 1,800 | 2500 | se [sichologis Othe soos | 13500 | 14900 | 1056 [real j Portotogiss | 190200 | 178500 | 1am ‘Adapted fom US Deparment of Labor, Bureau of Labo Statistics, Employment Projections 2014 Maren OAS 9/10/18 Unsure ering rau of ay prt hiss seat A) NOCHANGE B) insights C) perceptiveness D) discernment Which choice best lustrates the claim made earlier im the sentence with information from the table? A) NO CHANGE B) there will be almost 1,000 more jobs in 10. psychology by 2022. ©) there were only about 1,600 1/0 psychologists in 2012, D) the total number of psychologists in 2022 is projected to be 178,900, ‘Which choice provides accurate information from ‘the table to support the point made in the sentence? A) NO CHANGE B) 11 percent ©) S6percent D) from 13,500 to 14,800 employees[2 ‘Though companies must spend money to hire W/O Hanne [Bil psrchologists, but doing so isa worthwhile i A) NO CHANGE B)_ psychologists; while ©) psychologists: however, D) psychologists, investmerit. Businesses ean hire I/O paychologicts full solve specific problems. Mare than just benefiting a company’s bottom line, I/O psychologists can help people fecl valued and engaged at work, and that results| in jobs well done. .e ar contract with them on a short-term basis to ator! copying reuse can patton He 29j2 ‘Questions 34-44 are based on the following passage ‘and supplementary material. ‘The Road to Recovery The Endangered Species Act (ESA) requires the US government to identity and protect plant and animal species that are in danger of extinction. While the ESA Jap to preserve specesclassifed as endangered, Ei conservationiss have identified hundreds oft risk species that do not appear on the government's ‘endangered species lst. species that may require protection under the ESA must first be vetted via@ complicated and time-consuming process Since the ESA's implementation in 1973, 10 percent of al species that were cafdidets for inclusion onthe list have disappeared, ifthe ESA iso ful its tak of preserving biological diversity, it mast reform its procedures to BB ensure and guarantee thatthe list accurately reflects the norober of at-risk specie in existence. March OAS 9/10/18, Unstoreed xpying orate fan part thi page ae 30 A) B) co) D) NO CHAN’ conservationists’ have identified hundreds conservationist’s have identified hundreds’ conservationists have identified hundreds! NO CHANGE guarantee by ensuring ensure the certainty|2 2 ‘The BSA considers a species endangered ifitis “in 36] danger of extinction throughout all ora significant H ‘Which chotce best introduces the topic ofthis sentence? | A) NO CHANGE 1B) Although there is disagreement about the terms portion of its range.” Many critics of the act argue that thie ambiguous terminology hinders spectes from being classified as endangered. Fl Some critics also worry that that should be used, © Critics do not alweys have suggestions about 12 BA could have negative economic impacts, so eps ay ne ESA could ae a bow the ESA might be improved: scientists and government officals must define it for Tay Recah teaet deer not expla the meni bE themselves, and they often reach for different Seaenlicant eaten: conclusions. A more objective approach would be to gl A) NO CHANGE define the term “endangered” as the probability of 2 species becoming extinct within o sot number of years. B) reach ‘While scientists may debate the methods used to (Gnaceach tweed. caleulate this probability of extinction, iJ therefore, the | D) have an outreach of set number of years would need to be defined, conservationists could identify at-Hsk species using this 13) standard of measurement. A) NO CHANGE i B) and C) evenso, D) DELETE the underlined portion. Maren OAS 3/10/18 ART ioe n CONTINUE 9[2 The BSA’s criteria would also benefit from tighter restrictions The act wes only two categories to casi at-risk I sees, These wo cateyories are “endangered likely to go extinct—end “threatened” likely to become endangered in the neat future. By contrast, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), a private environmental HH group, acknowledges a broader range of species vulnerability by using three categories for at-risk species im the wild: critically endangered, endangered, and valnerable. A. ‘March OAS 9/10/18 narterand ceioa rane any pa of is pages aga i om ‘Which choice best introduces the discussion in the rest ofthe paragraph? A) NO CHANGE B) clearer definitions of key terms. (©) stronger oversight. D) being more inclusive. | Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at the underlined portion? A) species: 3B) species: respectively, the two are C)_ species, these being D) species they are . | &) NOCHANGE FB) group: ©) group D) group,j2 comparison of animals classified by the ESA andl the TUCNS BB reveal that the EE IUCN tists a total of 642 av-risk spec ‘Noninclusion of [UGN At-Risk Species by the US Endangered Species Act Total Percent unrecognized | unrecognized bytsa | byESA ‘Amphibians at 30.0% Birds 25 403% ‘Mammals 18 30.0% Gastropods 16 90.3% Insects 105 100 95.2% Crustaceans| 189 168 38.9% ‘Total 62 531 7% Adare om } eo C. Has ta. “Conserving impetied Specs Comparsonafthe UCN Red List and USEndangeredSpecies Act” ‘©7011 by Wey Periodicals ‘The US government could improve the scope of its conservation efforts by recognizing more degrees of risk and using the IUCN’s categories as a model for ESA reform. A new classification system could also financially sdvantageouss the US government would be able to begin protection efforts earlier, which might prevent the need for drastic—and costly interventions when a species is nearly extinct. Li A) NO CHANGE, B) revealing © reveals D) have revealed ‘Which information from the table provides the strongest evidence in support of the passage’s main argument? A) NO CHANGE B)_ESA fails to recognize 82.7 percent of the species listed as aterisk by the IUCN. ©) BSA falls to recognize 80.0 percent of the amphibian species listed by the IUCN as at-risk, D) [UCN includes six classes of animals in its classifications of at-risk animal populations. Lis a Which choice bes introduces the argument made in the final sentence of the paragraph? 4) NOCHANGE B) please conservationists more than any other strategy; ©) be subject to further revision; 1D) constitute a mode! for other nations grappling. with environmental perils; STOP if you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section. Lautorned epying rma amperage eile 33 March QAS 2/10/18Math Test - No Calculator 25 MINUTES, 20 QUESTIONS ‘Turn to Section 3 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. For questions 1-15, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices proviced, and fillin the corresponding circle on your enswer sheet. For questions 16-20, solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to the directions before question 16 on hovrto enter your answers in the grid. You may use any available space in your test booklet for scratch work 1. The use of a calculator is not permitt 2, Allvariables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated, 3, Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale uniess otherwise indicated. 4, Alfigures ig ina plane unless otherwise indicated. 5, Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function fis the set of all real numbers x for which f{x) Isa real number. x 4, Xe or 45 Bs 4 A=tw Special Right ‘Triangles hs V=2wh Verrth The number of degrees of arcin a circles 360. The number of radians of arc in acitcle is 2x, “The sum of the measures n degrees of the angles ofa triangle Is 180. Mazon OAS 3/10/18 isco trot poe neg 34 Ear |‘The lines in the xp-plane above are the graphs of two linear equations. What is the solution (x.y) to the system formed by the equations? 4) 2a) B) 12) © (0.0) D) (0,4) ‘A checkers enthusiast is customizing a checkers set by painting a design on each ofthe 24 checkers in the set. [t takes the enthusiast 35 minutes to paint the design on each checker. If c of the checkers are already painted, which ofthe following represents the number of additional minutes needed to finish painting the set of checkers? A) 1G5-0) B) 24(c-38) ©) 35(24-<) D) 35(¢~24) Lnastonaes opine use oy pf hs cae ea ‘What is the sum of (3x° + 4x74 8) and (1299-226)? A) 15294247 + 14 B) axt+taxts2r7+ 14 ©) 38412 +674 14 D) 3x4 12x? 44x? 2x4 14 March OAS 9/10/18 a >3 pA 3 | = a y i ‘What are the slope and the p-intercept of the graph in the xy-plane of the equation Sx+4y+3=0? [eae ss i : | A) Theslopeis 5, and the y-intercept is (0,— / ) The slopeis~5. and they-intercept is (0,2) | 3 rhe 3) B) The dlopeis ~>, and the y-intercept is (0,2) => 5 3 ©) Theslope is *, and the yinterceptis (0, aes = 4 O as c Tet D) Theslopeis 5, andthe y. intercepts (0,3) t— —}_ ine ¢ is shown in the xy-plane shave. Line m (not shown) is parallel to line & and passes through the point (0,3). Which of the following is an equation of line m ? W) ya—tees a a ESgee=e q What value of satisfies the equation above? 4 ad V3 B) 4 os py 3 March OAS 3/10/18, IE RR spurctticpaabsige 36 E> |3 (Qr-1)(x+27 =0 What isthe solution set to the equation above? Psy (3+4i)- (243i) In the complex number system, which of the following is equivalent to the expression above? (Wote:i = YT) 40 B) ti ©) -1-i D) -5~71 What isthe solution to the equation shown? a) 5 B) 2 Qo 0 D) 1 PQ) sx? -Latk In the function above, k is ¢ constant, IF2is a zero of the function, what is the value of & ? A) -18 B -2 o. § D) 18 March OAS 3/10/18 >3 yA nad 6 ‘Which ofthe following expressions is equivalent to the expression above for x > D? x21 i a3 = What isthe solution set ofthe quation above? 4) 2) (0.3) ©) 1.2} D) {1,3 Maren Gas 3/10/18 Unnterzdonig mi ot ye ot pans ts 38 (3) ‘The number of microscopic organisms in a petri dish ‘grows exponentially with time. The function P above ‘models the number of erganistas after growing for 1 days in the petri dish. Based on the function, which of the following statements is trac? Pit ‘A) The predicted number of organisms in the dish triples every two days. B) The predicted number of organisms in the dish doubles every three days ©) The predicted nu triples every day D) The predicted number of organisms in the dish doubles every day, ber of organisms in the dish3 In the 2y-plane, the graph of the equation y = 9x —8 intersects the graph of the equation y = points. What is the sum of the x-coordinates of the two ino point? A) -9 B) 7 oF D) 9 3 \ “Which of the following expressions is equivalent to (-4e9}? 2 A) -227692 B) -x 6 ¥T6 ©) 2x76 YE D) 2x7 Yi6 March OAS a/10/18 39 [continue 4i3 pA 3] For questions 16-20, solve the problem and enter your answer in the gtidas described below, on the answer sheet 1, Although not required, itis suggested that you write your answer in the boxes atthe top ‘ofthe columns to help you fill in the circles accurately. You will receive credit only ifthe lee ellen canay. Marko more than one cre in any coluron, No question hasanegathe answer, Some problems may have more than ane cesyotwricue: rich ses git orlyone Mixed numbers such as 3-4 must be gridded fale 2635 0r 7/2.(iF [B]a|/Jalis entered into the gridit will be interpreted as 32,not 34) 6, Decimal answers: if you obtain a decimal answer with more digits than the grid can accommodate, it may be e'ther rounded or truncated, but it must fil the entire ard. Wei bails anwar? |7|/14 inboxes, Grid in result z wee Answer: 25 9) Oe! SSGOO) ei) o waee JOG |< Decimal point Co \ee PQ) eee DIDIQ|Q) |Qoia\o) AIS|A@)_ |@|@|@/2Q Dao) |a\a}a\a) AAS |Q!@/@ BPO} |S|a/a\o) ©} | 6) DD\2\2) le either position is correct NOTE: You may start your answers in any column,space permitting, Columns you don'tneed to use should be leftblank, March 045 9/10/18, Unasthorendenvng rien afm parti page egal FconTiNUE3 x 3 B i Fora funct nf, f(-l) = 12 and f(t) = 16. the graph of y= f(e)isalinein the plane, what i the ‘ [slope ofthe line? 3 i Note: Figure not drawa to scale In right triangle ABC above, BC = 8. Ifthe L o » whats the length of A i ‘An angle measure of 540 degrees was written in 7 radians as x7t, What is the value of x ? Hs ‘Tamika is ordering desktop computers for her : 5 company. The desktop computers cost $375 each, ‘What value of x satisfies the equation above’ t Seid x son adaltioned G4 ck the total cout ofthe i computers. Ifshe can spend no more than $40,000 on the desktop computers, including tax, what is the ‘maximum number of computers that Tamika can purchase? ° x -d STOP Ifyou finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section. Macch OAS 9/10/10 Unuterond ying ret can rr ofthc pag cag 44. i 4 Math Test - Calculator 55 MINUTES, 38 QUESTIONS ‘Turn to Section 4 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section, EEE For questions 1-30, soive each problem, choose the best answer from the cholces provided, and fill in the corresponding ccle on your answer sheet, For questions 31-38, solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet, Please refer to the directions before question 31 on how to enter your answers in the grid, You may use any available space in your test booklet for scratch work, 1. The useofe calculators permitted 2, Alvariles and expressions used represert real numbers unless otherwise indicate 2. Figures provided inthis test are craw to scale unless otherwise indicated, 4. Aigures lie na plane unless otherwise inated 5. Uniess otherwise indicated, the domain ofa given function Fis the set of all raal numbers x for which F[x) Isreal number. GOAN git Aan = tw Aaidh P+ b? sae ial Right Triangles ee he - Lm} S Ve twh Arh darn en 3 The number of degrees of ac in a circle is 360. ‘The number of radians of arc ina circle Is2m. ‘The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a tlangle Is 180. Mars ons antone Ui cir tod Wa peripaprnto a2 Er4 a (Gx+2)(20+3) Which ofthe following is equivalent tothe expression above? A) 3x?+ 10x45 B) 5x74 13545 ) 627+ 13x46 D) é2*+15x+9 a flg)=2-11 The function f is defined above. What isthe value of f(-2)% A) -15 3) © 15 D) 30 Lhoiae oping eri oan prt ha ag a3 4 Number of Flight Arrivals at Centerville Airport in a Month [On time] Delayed | Total [airine A] 2029 | sel [2890] AirlineB| 1350 | 700_| 1,850] Total | 3,179 [1,561 [4,740 Based on the table above, what fraction of the fights for Airline A were delayed? A politcal scientist wants to predict how the residents of New Jersey will react to a new bill proposed in the state senate, Which of the following study designs is most likely to provide reliable results for the political scientist? A) Mailing questionnaire to each of 200 randomly selected residents of New Jersey B)_ Surveying a group of 300 rendomly selected New Jersey residents C) Interviewing a group of students randomly selected from a lange public university in New Jersey ) Surveying a group of 1,500 randomly selected US residents March Gas 3/10/38 EMIi! Ifthe ratio of 0.5: x is equivalent to 1.5: 2.25, what is Sheet of A) 075 B) 6875 Q3 D) 3.25 Bax-4=24 Based on the equation above, whatis the value of 2ax-12 Ay 3 B) 6 o8 D) 2 Mazch OAS 9/10/18 mabe copying ores ary perf hs pagel es P=2,000x P=500(2") A website administrator is considering using one of the two models above to predict the total number of purchases, P, made x weeks after the website's advertising campaign begins. How many more ‘purchases are predicted by the exponential model than by the linear model § weeks after the advertising campaign begins? A) 6,000 B) $000 © 10,00 D) 16,000 =a4 & 4 Questions 8-10 refer to the fallawing information. ‘The Conowingo Reservoir bed an original storage capacity of 300,000 acre-feet at the end of 1928, the year in which it was built. Starting in 1929, sediment carried downstream by the Susquehanna River collected in the reservoir and began reducing the reservoirs storage ‘capacity at the approximate rate of 1,700 acre-feet er year. = EE Which of the following could bea graph ofthe reservoir’s capacity 6 feet, asa function of time f, in years after 1928 B) ¢ f ‘Time (years) Time (years) o D) fe Capacity Capacity (ecre-feet) se Time (years) ‘Time (years) >) 1s : @ What was the approximate storage capacity, Iethe reservolr’s capacity ¢ years after 1928 was acte-feet, ofthe reservoir at the end of 19937 | between 290,000 and 292,000 acre-feet, which of the following must be true? A) 300,000 B) 188,500 Ay tsa ©) 175,900 B) 2
bee ‘The figure above represents a reetangular painting with a frame thatis2 inches wide, The expression 2x? (x—4)(2x~ 4) represents the area of the frame, in ¢quare inches. What does the quantity (x~4)(Q2—4) in the expression representt A). The width of the painting, in inches B)_ The height of the frame, in inches ©) Thearea, in square inches, of the inner rectangle D) The'combined area, in square inches, of the frame and painting Sls) = x45) The function fis defined above. Ifthe function ¢ is defined by g(x) = f(x) + 5, whats the value of (3) as 8) 15 Om D) 29 Maren OAS 2/10/18 Unastotae copsnger uso ay part hs cael ea. 4 A sample of 600 ninth graders was selected at random and asked how much time they spend on homework each day, Of the ninth graders selected, 220 spend less than 2 hours on homework each day. Ifthe conclusion was drawn thet “approximately 1.35 million ninth graders spend less than 2 hours on homework each day,” which of the following is closest to the population, in millions, of ninth graders? A) 0.495, B) 1.35 ©) 368 D) 584 yea? If (xp 3) and (x5) are solutions tothe system of equations above, what are the values of x, and x3 ? A) -JTB end VIS B) -JIT and iT © -2and2 D) -3 andé B 4 ‘The energy pyramid below shows four trophic levels ik Jn an ecosystem and the direction of energy transfer ba ‘between those levels, i Which of the following is equivalent to the expression above forall x> 0, where @ and b are positive integers? : [eel he 5 conse : | He consumers | PI st 5 primary consumers aoe primary producers ‘On average, 10% ofthe net energy of one trophic level i transferred to the next trophic level in an ‘ecosystem. Based on the encrgy pyramid, if primary producers bave 5,000 joules (f) of energy ‘approximately how much of tis energy, in calories, is transferred to the secondary consumers in this ecosystem? (I caloric = 4.18J) a) 1196 a pat B) 2090 een © 196 Eo Bei qu £03 ~ ‘02 4 Zool ed = pet 3 oo 4% fs 4 Time (minutes) ‘The graph ubove models the speed, s, ofan automobile during the first § minutes of travel ‘time, t. What was the total distance traveled from t=Ltor=4t A) 05 mile B) 15 miles © 20miles D) 25 miles ‘Mazen OAs 3/10/18 Unutroendenpyng or teize aay retort‘Note: Figure not drawn to scale In the igure above, sin(90° — What is the 13 value of sin 2° 2 B 5 - “S i 4) Mazen as 3/10/18, 50 Lsitonae apying cere fay patos ep 4 a Sy s=98t ‘The equation above can be used to approximate the speed 5, in meters per second (m/s), ofan object seconds after being dropped into a free fall. Which of the following isthe best interpretation of the umber 9.8 in this context? A) The speed, in mJs, ofthe object when it hits the ground B) The increase in speed, in m/s, ofthe object for ‘each second after itis dropped (©) The speed, in m/s, of the object ¢ seconds after it Js dropped 1D) The initial speed, in m/s, of the abject when itis dropped ‘A magazine article on video game habits in the ‘United States reported that in 2012 gamers spent an average of 5.6 hours per week playing games. The article also reported the average for 2013 to be 63 hours per week. Based on the article, how did the ‘average number of hours that gamers spent playing ‘games per week change from 2012 to 20137 A) Ie decreased by 12.5%. B) Teincreased by 7.0%. ©) Ieincreased by 11.1%. 1D) ftincreased by 12.5%.yot- 62-16 The graph of the equation above in the xy-plane i a In the system of equations above, a isa constant. parabola, Which ofthe following equivalent forms of ‘What isthe y-value ofthe solution to the system in the equation includes the x- and y-coordinates ofthe | terms of a? vertex as constants? Ay A) y=(«-3)*-25 . B) y=x(x-6)-16 a-t 8) ° ~2(3x+8) D) y+16=x(x-6) o i March OAS 9/10/18, reticence tan onto spect 51 | CONTINUE 44 ‘Questions 28 and 29 refer to the following information, Fora particular office building with 1/420 employees, Tia and Amir each conducted a survey about the average ‘one-way commate times, in minutes, between the employees’ home and office. Both Tia and Amir selected employees at random, mailed out surveys, and collected data from the returned surveys. For both surveys, respondents were asked to report thelr average commute times to the nearest 5 minutes, Tie collected data from 150 employees, end Amir collected deta from 85 employees, The results from Tis's and Amit’s returned surveys are summarized below, Tia’s Survey Results oa A 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 ‘Average one-way commute time (minutes) “Amir’s Survey Results Number of employees 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Average one-way cornnmate time (minutes) March OAS 3/10/18, Unnrherandeying ori cfan/ patti pages eh 4 If isthe median commute time of the employees ‘who responded to Tis's survey and A is the median commute time of the employees who responded to Amir’s survey, whatis the value of TA ? A) 10 j 5) 8 : os i Dd) 0 2 E>Which of the flowing box plots could represent Amir’s survey data? Ot a i020 30 40 50 i Average one-way commute time (minutes) : x oo Inthe xy-plane above, ines k and £ are Pe ty | perpendicular. What isthe x-coordinate of point P fee he 1a) 525 | Fut) ; B55 6 — -t-4 D) 625 : 10 20 30 050 | Average one-way commute time (minutes) Dd) Sa | tt 30-40 «50 vay commute time (minutes) March OAS 3/10/18 >Te! For questions 31-38, solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid, as described below, on the answer sheet. 1. Although not required, itis suggested that You write your answer in the boxes atthe top (of the columns to help you fll in the circles accurately You will recelve credit only ifthe circles aefiled in correctly, 2. Mark no more than one circle in any column. No question has a negative answer, . Some problems may have more than one conect ansvrer. In such cases, atid only one 5. Mixed numbers such as 31 must be gridded as3.5017/2.(FF [3]4]J/2]is entered into the arid it will be interpreted as 34 not 34.) 6. Decimal answers: if you obtain a decimal answer with more digits than the grid can, accommadite, It may be either rounded or truncated, but it must fil the entire grid Write, answer inboxes. Grid in. result Answer: 25 = Fraction tine DIO 9) | QQ) 1S answers in any column space permitting, Columns you dor’tneed to use should be left blank ‘March GAS 9/10/18 ‘Unatherandoojng i of ayo he page Hep E>A muscum but scale mode! of an Apatosaurus dinosaur skeleton, where I centimeter in the model is txqivalent 16 centimeters of the actual skeleton. If che length othe femur bone ofthe actual skeleton is sé centimeters, what isthe length, tothe nearest ‘tenth of a centimeter, of the femur bone in the model? How many cups, each with a eapecity of & fluid ‘ounces, can be filled with water ftom a cooler that contains 10 gallons of water? (1 gallon = 128 fluid ounces) Unauhorand api crasery/partf Bis page aga 55 4 Ls) In triangle ABC, angle A measures 48°, angle B ‘measures 88°, and angle C measures 44°, Trlangle ABC is similar vo triangle LMN, such that IM_MN IN... Fe 7 ag 7 Whetis the measure, in degrees, ofangle Lt aa In the «y-plane, the lines that correspond to the system of equations above intersect at the poe (8) What vaue ot 1 March OA8 9/10/18 E>4 & 4 Questions 37 and 38 refer to the following | Information. What value of z satisfies the equation above? i Race Summary split Race segment| spe ime| Tot race Hine umber] (meters) | (seconds) | **endof split | LE Geconds) | 1 0-500 109 109 | : 3 [500-1000] 1132 [ 221 | ow0s00- [35 | | 4 [1500-2000~| 108 Ho my m / zooms ‘A xowing team entered a 2000-meter race. The team's coach is analyzing the race based on the tearn’s split times, es shown inthe table above A split time i the time ittakes to complete a 500-meter segment ofthe race ‘A circle in the xy-plane has a diameter with, endpoints (-1,-3) and (7,3). Ifthe point (0,b) lies cn the circle and > 0, what is the value of b ? i During the fourth split of the race, the team rowed at a rate of 28 strokes per minute. To the nearest whole ‘number, how many strokes did it take the team to ‘complete the final 500 meters of the race? | By the end ofthe season, the coach wants the team to reduce its mean split time by 10% as compared 10 this race, At the end of the season, what should the ‘team’s mean split time be, in seconds? STOP Ifyou finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section. March GAS 3/10/18 sotonoadcepying ott ofan par oft ye hp 56March 2018 The SAT Question-and- Answer Service Student Guide . leas for using the QAS report 3 The answer key for the test you took Instructions for scoring your test oO CollegeBoardAbout the College Board ‘Tae Collage Board i leson-divan not fr proft organization that the Cage Bar was creed epand smn oer tat, Sxcolloace and equity in education. Hach ya the Galloge Board helps {formation vist eolageboard.og. SAT CUSTOMER SERVICE Youn am 810993 EEO? pm ih de {mal seein cllegehoad org Mate Coligs Board SA Program. BO, Box 026505, Mim FL. 30102 Table of ContentsIntroduction (Congratulations on taking the SAT! You Quaston-and-Answer Service (GAS) for tho March 2018 SA includes tes pate tla guide, whe trill sip you understand your erover;a copy ofthe tert you tok, and a USING YOUR QAS REPORT {rack of how you dion the diferent sypoe of questions. ‘This caaBelp You Understand your academic strengths and sdemsly aren for provement. txample «group of quenons tha you recall answering rena ‘Sore igorous fxm of score verification, See enongivetiy-oores fot SCORING YOUR TEST ‘oat the srs ou yor test The nosing wens bes toa {ables ae specie othe test you tok: Dont ry to sree any ter asta og hem, LEARNING FROM YOUR SAT EXPERIENCE conlerabie Wi te wot raing pote ncudlog te ina ion sf is AT ees ne on EP it coeScoring Your SAT SCORES OVERVIEW iSePonnanascrs aa" 1 and PSAt™ a) sopra fo sere and dlngrer formation For ee deta eu ecto, at stngcoen HOW TO CALCULATE YOUR TEST SCORES Get Set Up ‘Youll ned the customlasd GAS report with your answor,You'il also need ‘he anrrer key (pages 4-8) end conversion table (pages 1-13) povided Using the answer ke, count up you total coroct answers for Sach section ‘You may want to wile the umber of cotrct answers foreach ction at ‘the ottom ofthat section in tho answer Key. ‘Using your marked:up answer kay snd the conversion table, elle the
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