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Assignment - Number Systems

The document discusses number systems and how computers use binary numbers to store and process data. It provides the following key points: 1. Computers use the binary number system of 1s and 0s to represent all data as patterns of bits. 2. There are different number systems like decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal that use different bases and digits. 3. Data storage units increase with bytes making up a nibble, kilobytes making up megabytes, and so on, with larger units like terabytes using multiples of the preceding units.

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desh15
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30 views

Assignment - Number Systems

The document discusses number systems and how computers use binary numbers to store and process data. It provides the following key points: 1. Computers use the binary number system of 1s and 0s to represent all data as patterns of bits. 2. There are different number systems like decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal that use different bases and digits. 3. Data storage units increase with bytes making up a nibble, kilobytes making up megabytes, and so on, with larger units like terabytes using multiples of the preceding units.

Uploaded by

desh15
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Number Systems

Deshani Jayasuriya
D Learning Academy
D Learning Academy
1

Introduction
When typing letters or words using the computer, these words or letters are represented by the
computer as numbers it can understand.

While this group of numbers that the computer can understand is called a 'Number System' the limited
number of numerals in the number system called digits.

The value of these numbers (numerals) depends on the position they occupy within the number. While
the concept of number system was present in the 'Abacus ' considered as the first calculating machine
of the world, it has progressed up to the computer of today.

Computer understands only 1 and 0s as its based on binary system.


Computer based systems convert all the letters, numbers, images audio files and video files

As its hard to remember all 1,0s as in binary form for people, octal, hexadecimal, and decimal has been
introduced

Number
Systems

Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal

0,1,2,3,4, 0,1,2,3, 0,1,2,3,4,


0,1 5,6,7,8,9,A,B,
5,6,7,8,9 4,5,6,7
C,D,E,F

Deshani Jayasuriya
D Learning Academy
2

Use of number systems

Types of data that are


fed to the computer by
humans

What is the number system?

• ...............................................................................................................
• ...............................................................................................................
• ...............................................................................................................

Types of number systems


• ...............................................................................................................
• ...............................................................................................................
• ...............................................................................................................
• ...............................................................................................................

The base of a number system

Number Systems Digits Base Value

Deshani Jayasuriya
D Learning Academy
3

Digits in number systems

Decimal Number system

• Humans are familiar with the..................................


• Base value is .................
• Consist with ................. digits

Digits

Displaying on a counting frame

Deshani Jayasuriya
D Learning Academy
4

Expanded form
64310

Binary Number system


• The Binary number system uses ............................... different symbols.
• Base Value is .................
• Consist with ................. digits

Digits

101102

Deshani Jayasuriya
D Learning Academy
5

Converting decimal numbers to binary numbers


1) 24 2) 41
3) 64 4) 75
............................................................
............................................................
............................................................
............................................................
............................................................
............................................................

Converting binary numbers to decimal numbers

10112
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

1) 1010112
2) 10110112
3) 10101110112

Deshani Jayasuriya
D Learning Academy
6

1. Fill in the blanks.


1) The computer uses ‘ON’ and ‘OFF’ states to represent data and instructions as
a.................... pattern of 1s and 0s. (byte / bit)
2) Texts, sounds and images are stored in the computer memory as ....................
bit patterns. (Decimal / Binary)
3) All activities in the computer such as data input from the ........................
devices(input/output)
4) Saving data temporarily in the ....................... memory. (secondary / main)
5) Saving permanently in the ....................... (hard disk / main memory)
6) Processing data and sending processed data (information) to the .......................
devices. (input/output)

2. Name components from 1 to 6.

1
2
3
4
5
6

3. Match A, B & C according to Flow of binary data in a computer.


Data are fed to the memory of the computer in binary form
They are sent to the output devices
The binary data are sent to the processor and then sent
back to the memory after processing
Deshani Jayasuriya
D Learning Academy
7

Units to Measure Data Storage


Bit
This is the smallest unit used in the computer to store data. This word is coined from the words
A bit is the two binary digits; 0 and 1.
Byte
1 byte is 8 bits.
Nibble
A nibble is half of a byte or 4 bits. This unit is not commonly used like bits and bytes.
Kilobyte
This consists of 1024 bytes. (1024 = 210) Kilobyte is written as KB or kbyte.
Megabyte
This consists of 1024 kilobytes (1024 = 210) or 1048576 bytes. Megabyte is written as MB or
mbyte.
Gigabyte
One Gigabyte is made of 1024 Megabytes. (1024 MB) Gigabyte is written as GB or gbyte. It is
wrong to write ‘Gb’ as it indicates gigabit.
Terabyte
One Terabyte is made of 1024 Gigabytes (1024 GB). This is written as TB.
Petabyte
One Petabyte is made of 1024 Terabytes (1024 TB).

In production of hard discs there are instances 1024 is considered as 1000.

4 bits = 1 nibble

8 bits = 1 byte

1024 bytes = 1 kilobyte (KB)

1024 kilobytes = 1 Megabyte (MB)

1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte (GB)

1024 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte (TB)

1024 Terabytes = 1 Petabyte (PB)

How many bytes are there in 1024 MB


1024*1024 = 1,048,576 bytes
Capacities of Data Storage Devices

Register Memory Small


1 KB
Deshani Jayasuriya
D Learning Academy
8

Cache memory
3 MB – 32 MB
Compact Disk (CD)
650 – 900 MB
Digital Versatile Disc(DVD)
4.7 – 9 GB
Random Access Memory
01 – 64 GB
Read Only Memory (ROM)
Flash Memory
1 – 64 GB
Hard Disk
100 GB – 6 TB
Magnetic Tape Large
1 TB – 185 TB

When reading and writing data, the time spent to access the devices (access speed) is different.
Data Access Speed Fast
Register Memory
Cache Memory
Random Access Memory
Read Only Memory Data
Flash Memory access
Hard Disk speed
Digital Versatile Disc – DVD
Compact Disc (CD) Slow
Magnetic Tape

Cost per unit Storage


For different storage devices, cost per a bit to store data is different. For instance, the cost is more for
Register Memory and Cache Memory. Cost from Highest to lowest is shown below.
Register Memory High
Cache Memory
Random Access Memory
Read Only Memory Cost
Magnetic Tape per Unit
Flash Memory Storage
Hard Disk
Digital Versatile Disc – DVD Low

Deshani Jayasuriya

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