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Types of Steel

1. The document discusses different types of steel, including wrought iron, cast iron, and various types of alloy steels like weathering steel, stainless steel, heat treated steel, and coated steels. 2. It provides details on the composition, properties, and uses of each type. Weathering steel contains copper and other alloys to allow the rust coating to adhere instead of spall off. Stainless steel contains at least 10.5% chromium which forms a passive oxide film preventing corrosion. 3. Carbon steels, high-strength carbon steels, and microalloyed steels have varying tensile strengths between around 400-1000 MPa depending on their specific composition and any

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Khadeeja Aslam
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180 views

Types of Steel

1. The document discusses different types of steel, including wrought iron, cast iron, and various types of alloy steels like weathering steel, stainless steel, heat treated steel, and coated steels. 2. It provides details on the composition, properties, and uses of each type. Weathering steel contains copper and other alloys to allow the rust coating to adhere instead of spall off. Stainless steel contains at least 10.5% chromium which forms a passive oxide film preventing corrosion. 3. Carbon steels, high-strength carbon steels, and microalloyed steels have varying tensile strengths between around 400-1000 MPa depending on their specific composition and any

Uploaded by

Khadeeja Aslam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of steel

1. Wrought Iron
2. Steel

-Weathering steel

-Stainless steel

-Heat treated steel

-Carbon steel

-High Strength carbon steel

-Medium and High strength Microalloyed Steel

-High strength Quenched and Tempered Steel

-Fire resistant steel

-Coated Steel

3. Cast Iron
Wrought Iron Steel Cast Iron

Composition Purest Midway Crude form containing 2-


Contains up to 0.25% 4% carbon
carbon
Melting Point 1,500 degree Celsius 1,300-1,400 degree 1,200 degree Celsius
Celsius
Hardness Cannot be hardened or Can be hardened & Hard, hardened by
tempered tempered heating & sudden
cooling
Strength Compressive Strength is Compressive Strength Compressive Strength
2.0 tons/sq. cm and 4.75 -25.2 tons/ sq. cm 6.3- 7.1 tons/sq. cm
Ultimate Tensile Ultimate Tensile Ultimate Tensile
Strength 3.15 tons/sq. Strength is 5.51 to 11.02 Strength 1.26 to 1.57
cm t /sq. m tons/sq. cm.
Rusting Rusts more than Cast Rusts easily Does not rust easily
Iron
Malleability & Ductility Tough, malleable, ductile Tough, malleable & Brittle & cannot be
& moderately elastic Ductile welded or rolled into
sheets
Reaction to sudden Cannot stand heavy Absorbs shocks Does not absorb shocks
shock shocks
Forging & Welding Easily forged or welded Rapidly forged or welded Brittle and cannot be
welded or rolled into
sheets
Uses Costlier than mild steel Used as reinforcement in For parts that rust easily
so being replaced by the R.B. & R.C.C. like water pipes, sewers,
latter Used in making drain pipes etc.
Withstands shocks Structural members, Making such parts of
without permanent bolts, rivets and sheets machines as are not
injury so used in chains, (plain and corrugated) likely to be subject to
crane hooks and railway Making cutlery, files & shocks or tension
couplings machine tools Lamp posts, columns
and railings
Steel

WEATHERING STEEL
Weathering steels are structural steels which have
been alloyed with small proportions of copper, usually
between 0.25% and 0.55%, together with silicon,
manganese, chromium and either vanadium or phosphorus
as minor constituents.
The alloying has the effect of making
the naturally formed brown rust coating adhere
tenaciously to the surface, thus preventing further loss
by spalling. The use of weathering steels
is not appropriate within marine environments,
rainwater run-off does not impinge on other
materials, particularly concrete or glass where it will
cause severe staining
Corten is the commercial name

STAINLESS STEELS

Stainless steel is essentially a low-carbon steel to which chromium has


been added. It is this addition of chromium, in amounts greater than
10.5% by weight, that gives the steel its unique ‘stainless’ corrosion-
resistant properties.
The corrosion resistance of the
Material is due to the natural passive film of chromium
oxide which immediately forms over the material in the
presence of oxygen;

Ferritic stainless steel (1.4016) containing


only chromium, with a reduced corrosion
resistance, is appropriate for internal building use
where corrosion is a less critical factor.
Stainless steel is manufactured by a three-stage process.
Scrap is melted in an electric arc furnace, then
refined in an argon–oxygen decarburiser and alloyed
to the required composition in a ladle furnace by the
addition of the minor constituents.

Approximately 50% of stainless steel derives from recycled


scrap steel.
Stainless steel is widely used for roofing,
cladding, interior and exterior trim owing to its combined
strength, low maintenance and visual impact

Austenitic Rural and clean urban


. Urban, industrial and marine
Ferritic Interior
Duplex Severe industrial and marine

HEAT-TREATED STEELS
The size effect, which causes a reduction in yield
strength in large sections due to their slower cooling
rates than the equivalent thin sections.

Coated steels
To inhibit corrosion, steel may be coated with metallic
or organic finishes. Metallic finishes are typically zinc
by hot-dipping of steel into the molten metal.
ZINC-COATED STEEL
ALUMINIUM–ZINC ALLOY COATED STEEL
ALUMINIUM-COATED STEEL
TERNE-COATED AND LEAD-CLAD STEEL
ORGANIC COATED STEEL

Carbon Steel: Carbon and manganese are the main strengthening


elements. The specified minimum ultimate tensile strength for these
steels varies from about 410 to 440 MPa and their specified minimum
yield strength from about 230 to 300 MPa.
High-Strength Carbon Steel: This steel is specified for structures such as
transmission lines and microwave towers, where relatively light
members are joined by bolting. Such steels have a specified ultimate
tensile strength, ranging from about 480−550 MPa, and a minimum
yield strength of about 350− 400 MPa.
Medium- and High-Strength Microalloyed Steel: Such steels have a
specified ultimate tensile strength ranging from 440 to 590 MPa and a
minimum yield strength of about 300−450 MPa.
High-Strength Quenched and Tempered Steels: These steels are heat
treated to develop high strength. Though they are tough and weldable,
they require special welding techniques. They have a specified ultimate
tensile strength between 700 and 950 MPa and a minimum yield
strength between 550 and 700 MPa.
Fire-resistant Steels: Also called thermo-mechanically treated steels,
they perform better than ordinary steel under fire.

Alloyed steel
Structural steels normally have a carbon content less than 0.25%. high-
strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels are basically carbon manganese steels.
Alloy steels are termed as low-alloy steels (total alloy content < 0.5%),
medium-alloy steels (total alloy content 5−10%) and high-alloy steels
(total alloy content > 10.0%). If the silicon content is raised to about
0.30 to 0.40%, the elasticity and strength of steel are considerably
increased without serious reduction in ductility. More than 2% of silicon
causes brittleness. A sulphur content of more than 0.10% decreases the
strength and ductility of steel.
It is desirable to keep the phosphorus content of steel below 0.12%. It
reduces the shock resistance, ductility, and strength of steel.

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