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Module 05 Blast and Drill - Presentation Part 1 2

This document provides an overview of drill and blast tunneling techniques. It discusses topics like drilling, blasting, ventilation, scaling, mucking, and hauling. Different cut patterns are presented, like perimeter cutting and presplitting. Time estimates are given for completing a full tunneling round using drill and blast for different tunnel sizes. Explosives, blasting techniques, and issues like overbreak are also covered. The document references several external resources and provides diagrams to illustrate tunnel sequencing and drill patterns.

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Anish Pokharel
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
90 views

Module 05 Blast and Drill - Presentation Part 1 2

This document provides an overview of drill and blast tunneling techniques. It discusses topics like drilling, blasting, ventilation, scaling, mucking, and hauling. Different cut patterns are presented, like perimeter cutting and presplitting. Time estimates are given for completing a full tunneling round using drill and blast for different tunnel sizes. Explosives, blasting techniques, and issues like overbreak are also covered. The document references several external resources and provides diagrams to illustrate tunnel sequencing and drill patterns.

Uploaded by

Anish Pokharel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CIEG 408 Tunnelling and Underground Structures

Module 05: Drill and Blast tunnels


TOPICS
• Introduction
• Drilling
• Blasting and Ventilation
• Scaling, Mucking and hauling
• Rock Support (limited, as this will be discussed in another module)
• Costs and capacities. Prognosis models.
Reference materials for this module:
• Rock Engineering, vol no 9 in the series Hydropower Development, 1993 Norwegian Institute of
Technology: chapter 8
• Project report 2B-95 Prognosis for Drill and Blast, Norwegian Inst of Technology
• Various articles and materials at internet
• https://miningandblasting.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/rock-excavation-handbook-tunneling.pdf

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 1


CIEG 408 Tunnelling and Underground Structures

Module 05: Drill and Blast tunnels

Drilling Charging/loading

Alignment Blasting

Rockbolting Ventilation

Scaling Mucking/hauling

Sequence of tunnelling

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 2


Cycle times of a full round – some examples
Activity Time Specifics Tunnel 3 x 3 m D shape
(min)
Drilling 140* 42 holes per round, jack hammers on pusher legs
Charge/Load 30 Approx 2 kg/m3, softer than medium, gneiss/phyllite
Blasting 5
Ventilation 30 Single fan
Scaling 30 manual
Mucking 60 Mechanical
Rockbolting 60 Jack hammers
Shotcreting 60 Wet shotcrete w steelfibres

Time one round 415 Approx 7 hours per round, pull appr 1.4 -1.45 m
Weekly 2 shifts x 8 hrs/day 12 shifts x 1.4 17 m/week
progress: 12 shifts per week m/shift

* Drill time was 3-4 min for 1.5 m length. Drilling time varies a lot, depending on rock mass
Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 3
Cycle times of a full round – some examples
Activity Time Specifics Tunnel 6.5 x 6.5 m D shape
(min) Mechanized operation
Drilling 60 100 holes per round, 2 boom drillrig, 3 m long holes
Charge/Load 30 Approx 3.5 kg/m3, hard rock
Blasting 10
Ventilation 30 Single fan
Scaling 30 Semi manual
Mucking 60 Mechanical
Rockbolting 60 boomer
Shotcreting 60 Wet shotcrete w steelfibres
Misc rigging etc 60
Time one round 400 Approx 7 hours per round, pull appr 2.7 – 2.8 m
Weekly 2 shifts x 7 hrs/day 12 shifts x 2.7 32 m/week
progress: 12 shifts per week m/shift

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 4


CIEG 408 Tunnelling and Underground Structures

Parallell cut, burn cut

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 5


CIEG 408 Tunnelling and Underground Structures

Some typical examples (may vary a lot!):


• Tunnels > 25-30 m2: 2 or 3-boom drillrigs
• Tunnel 40 m2: 70 drillholes
• Tunnel 25 m2: 50 drillholes

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 6


CIEG 408 Tunnelling and Underground Structures

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 7


CIEG 408 Tunnelling and Underground Structures

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 8


Various cuts in tunnels

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 9


V cut or Wedge cut

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 10


Issues: Hydraulic loss in water-tunnels, overbreak

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 11


Explosives and blasting
See: www.youtube.com/watch?v=s6lkrBX3Dgg

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 12


Explosives and blasting

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 13


Explosives and blasting

Perimeter holes: Less


charge, detonating cord

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 14


Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 15
Perimeter blasting

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 16


Perimeter blasting

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 17


Presplitting and Smooth Blasting

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 18


Blasting
Explosives:
• Gel type cartridged: nitroglycerine mix-types

• ANFO: mix of ammonium nitrate (94%) and fuel oil (6%)

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 19


Presplitting and Smooth Blasting

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 20


Smooth blasting

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 21


Smooth blasting

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 22


Smooth blasting

Smooth blasting
is often used in
underground
caverns.
Specially to the
roof of the
cavern.

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 23


Drill pattern and spacing between holes

? How can this information be given without mention of the rock


mass classification, size of tunnel??
Such parameters must be given!!

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 24


CIEG 408 Tunnelling and Underground Structures

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 25


Shaft excavation – an example of drill pattern and charging

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 26


Shaft excavation – an example of drill pattern and charging

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 27


Shaft excavation – an example of drill pattern and charging

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 28


Presplitting
Pre-Splitting. A method of
controlled blasting in
which the line holes are
fired prior to the main
charge to create a crack to
prevent disturbance
beyond ...

Normally only used in


open cast blasting
(quarries etc in the open)

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 29


Presplitting

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 30


Drill Rate Index (DRI)
and Bit Wear Index
(BWI)

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 31


CIEG 408 Tunnelling and Underground Structures

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 32


CIEG 408 Tunnelling and Underground Structures

Bit Wear Index (BWI)

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 33


Scaling

Module 05 Drill and Blast Tunnels 34

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