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Science
Quarter 3 – Module 4:
Phase Changes in Matter
Science – Grade 8
Quarter 3 – Module 4: Phase Changes in Matter
First Edition, 2021

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Science
Quarter 3 – Module 4:
Phase Changes in Matter
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to
use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress
while allowing them to manage their own learning at home.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different
activities in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be
reminded of the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking
your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always
bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material,
you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding
of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 Let Us Learn

A wonderful day to you, little scientist! In this module, you will learn
the concepts of phase changes in matter. You shall know how atoms and
molecules arrange and move in each phase change.

Specifically, you are expected to:

• Identify the different phase changes in matter.
• Explain melting in terms of the arrangement of atoms and
molecules.
• Explain evaporation in terms of the arrangement of atoms and
molecules.
• Explain condensation in terms of the arrangement of atoms and
molecules.

Let Us Try!

Choose the best answer and write this on a separate paper.

In which
1. Which state of matter do the particles spread apart and fill all the
space available to them?
A. plasma C. gas
B. liquid D. solid

2. What will happen if there is a greater speed of particles in a

container?
A. fewer collisions there will be.
B. lower the temperature.
C. greater the pressure.
D. lower the pressure.

3. Why is it that matter has mass and takes up space?

A. Because all matter is heavy.
B. Because matter can be a gas.
C. Because matter is made up of tiny particles that have mass
and take up space.
D. Because the earth is made up of matter.

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4. Why is food coloring spread out faster in hot water than in cold
water?
A. Because water molecules are C. Because water is more dense
warm. than food coloring.
B. Because water molecules are D. Because food molecules are
in motion. small.

5. When you heat a sample of solid, what will happen to the particles of
the sample solid inside?
A. The particles inside get C. The particles inside move
bigger. faster.
B. The particles inside loose D. The particles inside move
mass. slower.

Let Us Study

You have learned from the previous lessons that everything you can
see, touch, or feel is made up of matter. To date, we have five (5) states of
matter, such as SOLID, LIQUID, GAS, PLASMA, and the latest one is BOSE-
EINSTEIN CONDENSATES (BEC). Solids are often hard and have their
molecules tightly packed together, and they hold their shape. While the
molecules in liquids are a little more spread out, and they take the shape
of whatever container they are in. And gases are very spread out and are
constantly moving.

Did you know that matter changes from one phase to another? How
could this happen? Please pay attention as we discuss in this module, how
phase change in a matter takes place?

Phase Changes in Matter

“Phase” describes the physical state of matter. Phase change happens

when matter moves from one phase to another through physical means.
When a matter is added with energy (heating) or energy is taken away
(cooling), you can create a physical change. (Rader, www.chem4kids.com
2008).

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 HEATING (adding energy)

COOLING (removing energy)

Try to examine the diagram shown. What do you think happens in

the atoms and molecules during the changes? When the temperature goes
up, the atoms or molecules become more excited and active in motion, and
soon, when enough energy is applied to it a phase change occurs. In a
reverse manner, when the temperature goes down and enough energy is
removed, the atoms or molecules subside, and soon, a phase change takes
place. (Boeckx, P. 2007)

Different Phase Changes in Matter

The different phase changes in matter are melting, evaporation, and

condensation. Note: In real life we have more types of changes in matter,
however, in this module we will only discuss the three common processes.

Phase Original Heating or cooling

Final Phase
Change Phase required
Evaporation Liquid Gas Heat required
Melting Solid Liquid Heat required
Condensation Gas Liquid Cooling required

The table shows how energy (heating or cooling) responsible for each
phase change in matter. When liquid is applied by heat it will change to gas
and that process is called evaporation. Melting is when solid is applied by
heat it will change to a liquid phase. Condensation is unique compare to

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the two, it occurs when you remove energy (by cooling) in gas to form a
liquid phase.

Now, let’s discuss more in-depth each phase changes in matter.

Melting (Solid to Liquid phase)

Melting is the process by which a substance changes from the solid

phase to the liquid phase. In the melting process, molecules became loosely
packed (liquid phase) from being closely packed (solid phase). This happens
when the energy (heat) is added to a solid to change its stage to liquid.
(Glasscoe. 2015)

Solid atoms/molecules Liquid atoms/molecules

Liquid atoms/molecules
Solid atoms/molecules
are loosely packed with
Arrangement are tightly packed in a to
no regular
regular pattern
arrangement.
Solid atoms/molecules Liquid atoms/molecules
vibrate (jiggle) but vibrate, move about,
Motion to
generally do not move and slide past each
from place to place. other.
Source: (www.chem.purdue n.d)

A common example of the melting

process is when you observed an ice cube left
outside the fridge, and it slowly melted from
solid ice water to liquid water.

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Evaporation (Liquid to Gas phase)

Evaporation is the process by which the matter undergoes the

spontaneous transition from a liquid phase to a gas phase. In this process,
the molecules of liquid with the addition of heat creates vapor where gas
molecules spread out freely and moving constantly. (Glasscoe. 2015)

Liquid atoms/molecules Gas atoms/molecules

Liquid
Gas atoms/molecules
atoms/molecules are
Arrangement to are well separated with
loosely packed with no
regular arrangement. no regular arrangement.
Liquid
atoms/molecules Gas atoms/molecules
Motion vibrate, move about, to vibrate and move freely
and slide past each at high speeds.
other.
Source: (www.chem.purdue.edu n.d.)

A common example of the evaporation

process is when you boil water in a kettle, you can
observe that when the water reaches its boiling
point at 1000C, vapor gas releases in the kettle’s
mouth.

Condensation (Gas to Liquid phase)

Condensation, the opposite of evaporation, is the change in the state

of matter from the gas phase to the liquid phase. The molecules may then
collide with the inner surface of these molecules do so, some may stay on
the accumulate and form droplets. (Glasscoe. 2015)

In this process, the molecules of gas with the removal of heat creates
water droplets (dew like form) where gas molecules are a little more spread
out.

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 Gas atom/molecules Liquid atom/molecules

Gas atoms/molecules Liquid atoms/molecules

Arrangement are well separated with to are loosely packed with
no regular arrangement no regular arrangement.
Gas atoms/molecules Liquid atoms/molecules
vibrate and move freely vibrate, move about,
Motion to
at high speeds. and slide past each
other.
Source: (www.chem.purdue.edu n.d.)

A common example of the condensation

process is when you take out a cold can of soft drink
from the refrigerator. A few moments later, you will
observe water dew accumulating on the can’s
surroundings.

Let Us Practice

Activity 1: Phases of Matter

Direction: Identify the process of phase change (provided inside the box) as
shown in each picture below. Write your answer in the space provided.

Melting
Evaporation
Condensation

_______________1. ______________2.

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_______________3. _____________ 4.

_____________5. _____________6.

____________7. ______________8.

____________9. _____________10.

Congratulations! Since you already know how to identify the

different phases in matter. Let us try to learn and discover the
arrangements and movements of atoms/molecules of the different phase
of matter.

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 Let Us Practice More

Activity 2: Draw Me, Molecules!

Direction: Identify the phase of matter and Illustrate the atoms/molecules'

arrangement and motion inside the two (2) boxes based on the given image,
and then explain them on the space provided below.

Example:

MELTED ICE SOLID PHASE LIQUID PHASE

Explanation: In the solid phase, the arrangement and motion of the

atoms/molecules were closely packed and don’t move, but when the
melted ice turns to the liquid phase by applying heat the movement and
motion of the atoms/ molecules are loosely packed and move slide past
each other.

1.

HOT COFEE __________ __________

Explaination: ____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.

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 2.

___________ ___________
Water droplets on the surface
of a cold soft drink can

Explanation: ____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.

3.

Ice Cream

Explanation:_____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.

Congratulations! You can already illustrate and explain the arrangement

and movements of the atoms/molecules of a certain change of phase. You
are now ready for the next challenge!

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 Let Us Remember

• A phase change is a physical change in a matter in which a

substance goes from one phase to another.
• It requires adding and taking of energy (heat) to form into
another phase or state of matter.
• Melting is the process by which a substance changes from the
solid phase to liquid phase.
• In the melting process, atoms/molecules became loosely
packed and move past each other (liquid phase) from being
closely packed and just vibrate (solid phase).
• Evaporation is the process by which the molecules undergo
spontaneous transition from liquid phase to gas phase.
• In evaporation process, atoms/molecules are loosely packed
and move past each other (liquid phase) to spread out freely
and moving constantly (gas phase).
• Condensation is the change of phase of matter from the gas phase
to the liquid phase.
• In condensation process, atoms/molecules spread out freely and
moving constantly (gas phase) to atoms/molecules are loosely
packed and move past each other (liquid phase).

Let Us Assess

Read and understand the questions carefully. Choose the best answer in
the given choices and write it on a separate sheet of paper.

1. A cold glass of water collects water droplets on the outside on a hot

summer day. This is an example of what phase change?
A. melting C. condensation
B. evaporation D. freezing

2. A candle drips wax on a table. This is an example of what phase

change?
A. freezing
B. evaporation
C. condensations
D. melting

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3. Which phase changes require an increase in energy?
A. Freezing and condensation
B. Melting and freezing
C. Melting and evaporation
D. Condensation and evaporation

4. Adding heat to a substance makes its molecules move?

A. faster C. slower
B. slow D. stagnant

5. Water is heated on the stove until steam is given off. What phase
change is this?
A. condensation C. melting
B. evaporation D. freezing

6. Matter changing from a solid to a liquid is?

A. evaporation C. freezing
B. condensation D. melting

7. A process where a matter is changing from a solid to a gas is?

A. evaporation
B. condensation
C. melting
D. freezing

8. When you heat a sample gas, the sample gets a little bigger because?
A. The particles move faster and get a little further apart.
B. Heat helps the particles grow.
C. Heating the sample makes it lighter.
D. Heating helps the particles slide past each other.

9. What happens to the molecules when they are cooled?

A. They speed up and spread C. They slow down and
out. compress.
B. They stop moving. D. They move closely together
and speed up.
10. What is the molecules’ responsibility during a phase change?
A. To rearrange the matter into C. To stop moving.
a new state.
B. To move faster and faster. D. To clean the substance.

11. On a cold day, a person can see their breath. This is an example of
what phase change?
A. evaporation C. freezing
B. sublimation D. condensation

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12. A student noticed water on the ground at 5:00 am but observed it
disappeared by 10:00 am. What phase change was responsible for
turning the water into water vapor?
A. Melting
B. Evaporation
C. Sublimation
D. Freezing

13. The greater the speed of the molecules in the container, the?
A. fewer the collisions there will be.
B. lower the temperature and pressure.
C. greater the temperature and pressure.
D. lower the pressure only.

14. Which of the following represents the particles melting ice?

A. C.

B. D.

15. Which of the following represents the particles drying up of clothes?

A. C.

B. D.

Let Us Enhance

Activity 3: Let’s do the Matter!

Direction: Complete the missing concepts by filling in the blank on the

table. For the column ORIGINAL PHASE, ADD/REMOVE HEAT, identifying
FINAL PHASE, and the PROCESS of phase change it undergoes.

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 ADD/REMOVE
ORIGINAL PHASE FINAL PHASE PROCESS
HEAT

ADD
_____________ _______________
SOLID

GAS
________ ________________
LIQUID

REMOVE _____________ _______________

GAS

______________
HEAT ____________
EVAPORATION

Phase change takes place when there is an addition or subtraction

(removal) of energy in the form of heat to or from the system. During the
processes of melting, evaporation, and condensation the atoms or
molecules also change their arrangement and motion. The change is
physical only from solid to liquid to gas, or vice versa.
Congratulations! You did it!

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 Let Us Reflect

It is important to learn the different phase changes in matter to

describe and understand natural phenomena happening around us.
Hence, all matter can change from one phase to another or vice-versa. It
may require the application of heat or removal thereof to transform into
another phase. The atoms/molecules' arrangement and motion depend
primarily on the type of phase change it undergoes. Hence, this is only
physical change meaning the matter’s chemical properties remains
intact.
This lesson taught us to learn the basic concept of the Water Cycle.
If the water on the seas did not change to water vapor because of the
sunlight's absence, things would be quite different. As a result, no rain
will fall because evaporation did not occur. The sun's heat makes
seawater evaporates to form a gas, cooled down to form clouds, then falls
back to earth as liquid water through rainfall.
This is how nature works for our survival, and let us empower
ourselves by understanding every detail of this wonderful work of our
Almighty Creator!

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 Answer Key
15. A 14. C

13. C 12. B
5. B 11. D 10. A
4. A 9. C
C 5.
A 4. 3.C 8. A
C 3.
2.D 7. A
C 2.
C 1. 1. C 6. D
Let Us Try Let Us Assess Let Us Assess

Activity 1

1. Condensation 6. Evaporation
2. Melting 7. Melting
3. Evaporation 8. Condensation
4. Evaporation 9. Evaporation
5. Condensation 10. Melting

Activity 2

1. 2.

Liquid phase Gas phase Gas phase Liquid phase

Explaination: Liquid molecules vibrate, move about, and slide past Explaination:, Gas molecules vibrate and move freely at high speeds. iquid
each other. While, gas molecules vibrate and move freely at high speeds. molecules vibrate, move about, and slide past each other. While

3.
Explaination: In solid state the arrangement/movement of the molecules were
:

closely packed but when the melted ice turns to liquid phase the molecules
movement were not so far from each other.

Solid phase Liquid phase

Activity 3

1. Liquid – Melting
2. ADD – Evaporation
3. Liquid – Condensation
4. Liquid -Gas

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 References

Boeckx, P. 2007. The Changes of Matter. . Gent, Belgium: Faculty of Chemistry,

Universiteit Gent, Belgium.

Glasscoe. 2015. Enchanted Learning. Accessed January 2021.

https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_the-basics-of-general-organic-and-
biological-chemistry/s10-03-phase-changes.html.

Rader, Andrew. 2018. Encyclopedia Britannica. Accessed January Tuesday, 2021.

http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_changes.html.

—. 2008. www.chem4kids.com. Accessed January 9, 2021.

http://chem4kids.com/files/matter_intro.html.

Tex, Cyber. 2016. Utah Education Network. Accessed January 2021.

https://www.uen.org/core/science/sciber/sciber8/stand-
1/phaschng.shtml.

n.d. www.chem.purdue.edu. Accessed January 9, 2021.

https://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/character.html#:~:text=Parti
cles%20in%20a%3A,usually%20in%20a%20regular%20pattern.
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