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AC Voltage Controller For Speed Control of Three Phase Induction Motor

This document describes an experiment to control the speed of a three-phase induction motor by varying the firing angle of an AC voltage controller. The objectives are to observe the load voltage and motor speed for different firing angles, and simulate a three-phase AC voltage controller supplying an RL load in MATLAB Simulink. Speed control is achieved by varying the conduction period of thyristors in the voltage controller to regulate the RMS stator voltage. Motor speed varies with changes in stator voltage according to the torque-speed characteristics. Performance will be analyzed by tabulating output voltage and motor speed for various firing angles.

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Dinesh Reddy
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337 views

AC Voltage Controller For Speed Control of Three Phase Induction Motor

This document describes an experiment to control the speed of a three-phase induction motor by varying the firing angle of an AC voltage controller. The objectives are to observe the load voltage and motor speed for different firing angles, and simulate a three-phase AC voltage controller supplying an RL load in MATLAB Simulink. Speed control is achieved by varying the conduction period of thyristors in the voltage controller to regulate the RMS stator voltage. Motor speed varies with changes in stator voltage according to the torque-speed characteristics. Performance will be analyzed by tabulating output voltage and motor speed for various firing angles.

Uploaded by

Dinesh Reddy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exp. No.

: Date:

AC Voltage Controller for speed control of Three Phase Induction Motor

OBJECTIVE

1. The purpose of the experiment is to vary the speed of a three phase induction motor by varying the firing
angle of AC Voltage Controller. Observe the voltage across the load and speed of the motor for various firing
angles.
2. Simulate a three phase AC Voltage Controller with RL load using MATLAB Simulink. Tabulate the rms output
voltage, current and THD for various triggering angles. Analyze load voltage and load current waveform for a
value of triggering angle greater than load angle.

EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS USED

Three-phase AC Voltage Controller with control unit


Three-phase Induction Motor
Tacho-generator AC Ammeter 0-5 A
AC Voltmeter 0-600 V
Digital Storage Oscilloscope
Connecting Wires

THEORY

Stator voltage control of an induction motor is used generally to control the speed of the motor , to control
the starting and braking behavior of the motor and to maintain optimum efficiency in the motor when the
motor load varies over a large range. At a given load, if the voltage applied to the motor decreases, keeping
the frequency constant, air gap flux decreases. This results in a reduction in torque or power developed.
The rotor speed decreases, increasing the value of slip at which the torque developed will balance the load
torque. Thus the variation of voltage results in a variation of slip frequency and speed control of the motor.
For speed control in a reasonably wide range, the rotor should have a large resistance. From the torque
equation of the induction machine given in (1),

(1)
Where Pm, 𝜔m, 𝜔ms,s, Rs, V, Xs, Xr’, Rr’, Ir’ represents mechanical power developed, mechanical speed in
rad/s , synchronous speed in rad/s, slip, stator resistance in , supply voltage, stator reactance in , stator
referred rotor reactance, stator referred rotor resistance, stator referred rotor current respectively. It is seen
that the torque depends on the square of the applied voltage.
A reduction in the supply voltage will reduce the motor torque and therefore the speed of the drive. For
the purpose of varying the voltage applied to a 3 phase IM so as to achieve a speed control, a 3-phase AC
voltage controller is usually employed. Fig.1 shows a 3- phase voltage controller feeding a 3-phase IM.

Figure 1. Stator Voltage Control of three phase induction motor

Each pair of the Thyristor controls the voltage of the phase to which it is connected. Speed control is
obtained by varying the conduction period of the Thyristor. For lower power ratings, the back to back
Thyristor pairs connected in each phase is replaced by Triac. By controlling the firing angle of the
thyristors connected in anti-parallel in each phase, the rms value of stator voltage can be regulated. As a
consequence, motor torque and thus speed of the drive is controlled. The Torque-Speed Characteristics of
the three phase Induction motors for varying supply voltage and also for the fan load are shown in Fig.2.

Fig.2. Torque – Speed Characteristics of three phase Induction Motor


This method gives a speed control only below the normal rated speed as the operation of the voltages
higher than the rated voltage is not admissible. This method is suitable where the intermittent operation of
the drive is required and also for the fan and pump drives. As in fan and pump the load torque varies as
the square of the speed. These types of drives require low torque at lower speeds. This condition can be
obtained by applying lower voltage without exceeding the motor current.
INDUCTION MOTOR SPECIFICATIONS
Rated Power (kW) –
Rated Voltage (V) –
Rated Speed (rpm) –
Rated Current or Torque (A or Nm) –

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS TO BE CARRIED OUT:

1. Tabulate rms output voltage across the load and speed of the motor for various firing angles.

S.No α Output Speed (RPM)


Voltage (Vorms)
INFERENCE & UNDERSTANDING

RESULT

Faculty Signature:

S.No. Components Rubrics Maximum Earned


Marks Marks

Connection, Conduction, Output,


Simulation,Output
7
1 Simulation
&Hardware

Report: as per format 3


Inference : Observations

2 Result & Inference

Total 10

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