Scribd
Upload
25 views

Unit11 Eigen Values and Eigen Vector Part 2 PDF

Uploaded by

Thành Nhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
25 views

Unit11 Eigen Values and Eigen Vector Part 2 PDF

Uploaded by

Thành Nhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

EIGENVALUES – EIGENVECTORS

January 4th , 2021


Yen Ha T. N.
How to determine
eigenvalues and eigenvectors?
➢ Step 1. Determine the matrix A.

➢ Step 2. Find all eigenvalues by solving the characteristic


polynomial: P (  ) = det ( A −  I ) = 0
➢Step 3. For each eigenvalue, find the eigenspace by solving:

( A − I ) x = 0
How to determine
eigenvalues and eigenvectors?
➢ Example 5.
f : 3
→ 3
, f ( x, y , z ) = ( 4 x + y − z , 2 x + 5 y − 2 z , x + y + 2 z )

✓ On natural basis, the matrix of f is

 4 1 −1
 
A =  2 5 −2 
1 1 2 
How to determine
eigenvalues and eigenvectors?
➢ Example 5.

✓ Determine the characteristic polynomial

4− 1 −1
det ( A −  I ) = 2 5− −2
1 1 2−
= − + 11 − 39 + 45
3 2
How to determine
eigenvalues and eigenvectors?
➢ Example 5.

✓ Roots of the characteristic polynomial

P (  ) = − + 11 − 39 + 45 = 0
3 2

1 = 3
 (  − 3) ( 5 −  ) = 0  
2

2 = 5
How to determine
eigenvalues and eigenvectors?
➢ Example 5.

✓ Find the eigenvectors and eigenspaces


1 = 3
1 1 −1  x   x 1  0
         
( A − 3I ) u =  2 2 −2  y  = 0   y  = x 0 + y 1 
1 1 −1  z   z  1  1 
How to determine
eigenvalues and eigenvectors?
➢ Example 5.

✓ Find the eigenvectors and eigenspaces


1 = 5
 −1 1 −1  x   x 1 
       
( A − 3I ) u =  2 0 −2  y  = 0   y  = z 2
 1 1 −3  z   z   1 
Basis of all eigenvectors

✓ Basis of all eigenvectors and the matrix of the operator f:

B ' = u1 , u2 , u3  , u1 = (1, 0,1) ; u2 = ( 0,1,1) ; u3 = (1, 2,1)


 f ( u1 ) = 3u1 3 0 0
  
 f ( u2 ) = 3u2  AB ' = 0 3 0 

 f ( u3 ) = 5u3
0 0 5 
Basis of all eigenvectors

✓ Similarity:

M , N  Mat ( n, ). M is said to be similar to N


if there exists an non-singular matrix T such that
−1
M = T NT
Notation: M ~N
Diagonalization

✓ Diagonalization:

if A is similar to a diagonal matrix then


it is said to be diagonalizable
T : T AT = diag ( 1 ,..., n )
−1

diag ( 1 ,..., n ) is called the diagonalization of A.


Diagonalization

✓ Properties:

if A ~ M then they have the same set of eigenvalues.

Ann is diagonalizable if and only ifit has n eigenvectors


that are linear independent.
Diagonalization

➢ Example 6. Which operator is diagonalizable?

a. f : 3
→ 3
,
f ( x, y , z ) = ( 2 x + 4 y + 4 z , 4 x + 2 y + 4 z , 4 x + 4 y + 2 z )
b. f : P3  x  → P3  x 

( )
f a + bx + cx 2 = 8a + 3c + ( 2a + 2b + c ) x + ( 2a + 3c ) x 2

You might also like