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Tables and Diagrams For Machine Design

Tables and Diagrams used for machine design problems.

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Aramae Dagami
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© © All Rights Reserved
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265 views

Tables and Diagrams For Machine Design

Tables and Diagrams used for machine design problems.

Uploaded by

Aramae Dagami
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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qABLE AT1 PROPERTIES op anc Bn eee a a ONS told eT anBURE seeghe 2° POlaE my gectlon modults, K = V/TARER m= pmaiye Ot a abot 7 te abet the cen- tion, 2 = He = polar GD Ananth G Centroid 1 ) + ga gtee =H- he= 3 (GP—oh) ett)" a= H—o 2,=G=oh Lae ane + E+ ane 6H hee ea : Area=BttaH-0; k= TA 12L GH=gh | * 6) © TABLE AT2 MOMENTS AND DEFLECTIONS IN BEAMS ‘= applied force; w = pounds per inch of length; F = wL, where Zin, = 7 vodalus of elasticity, tension; Jin. = moment of inertia; y in, = jesath; = slope. For other beams of uniform strength, see § 6.24. deflection; UNIFORM LOAD Maha 2, i FL salt Mum FL a0: OnE F A yan giy (P—3ie +218) Jo , weg ete SL) Mra vale Aten [ELT B trom tt end 0<2 UNIFORM STRENGTH, CANTILEVER Mam Fre #!, For 0=G, dn Fem Ex At 2=0: You = TS 0 -| HT, aged 7 42 | 60) | 18at5 x 10 2024-74 (CG42A) - «| HT, aged 68 41 -| 4700p) | 20ats x 10° 6061-T6 (p) (GSI1A) HT, aged 45 30 | 400) | 14 ats x 108 1015-6 (ZG62A) HT, aged 82 48 | 72) | 23atS x0 30... + + +} Die casting 4027 | 24() | I17at5 x 10° 355-16... - + «| Sand casting 35-28 | 25() | 9atS x 10° MAGNESIUM ALLOYS / AZGIA-F Extruded bar 45 20 | 33(ck) | 17 ats x 10". AZBOATS . . |. | Forged, aged 50 23. | 36(c)k) | 16 ats x 10° AZICTE. . . « «| Sand casting 40 19(ck) | 14 at 5 x 10°) | LEAD AND TIN ALLOYS 3: ‘Babbitt (B23-467-8) , «| At 68°F () 10 Sy¢= 34 (m) | 3.9at2 x 10" | Babbitt (B23-46T-8) . . - | At2. () 54 17) (m) | Tin babbict (B23-49-1) «| AL 68°F 93 4.4 (m) | 3.8at2 x 10° MISCELLANEOUS HastelloyB, . «| Sand cast 90 50(c) | 66 at 10%n) KMorel . . |. | Cold'dr.,aged [140 98 | 100(c) | 42 at 10" Platinum alloy. =... | Annealed 45 tanium (B265, gr. 5)(t)__. | Annealed (s) 135 _ |, 130) 42 (1) janium (B265, gr. 5) (0). | Hardened (s)(v) | 170 158) | 610) inc (ACAIA).. . | Die cast (w) 476 38 Bat 10" reversed torsion, 25 ksi, vot, in ith size of test spectmen. o vere 'P, coef. of thermal expansion; room temp. sgvoiety, 19 uals AZSOANTS, 28 ks, (Chap me comeresien alloy AZSIC-T6, 19 IATvF, alter Water quench and aging” Cait (=) In compression, at 0.125% set (2M es. (@ FOr manganese gear brome, (2,Eatimated. (p) Used for rolled struc~ (a0! MIKE, 65, USe £0 = 24 KSI.(8) Norma gi ttt 7 17 sl. (t) For phosptor gear prose Son, (v) Water quenched and aged at greet eet § 221+(1) Sheet, (8) About 17.5 in coor. (g) Pure platinum. (2) Die cating 7S Fe (M) toe RT esl, Charpy = 48. (3) LONG. %|Rock, Zin (nano, | pee [* % 108 PERCENTAGES OF ELEMENTS a RD.| Idina | (iy 58 65 i 65 12 Ol-are 2208 | 112 | 71.cu, 28 Zn, tn 6 65 25 | poo | O27 | 9° 8.5 Cu, 9.5 Al, 5 Ni, 2.5 Fe, I Ma is 0.274 | 9.2 73 5 orl o 91.Cu,9 AL 9 ‘ a - 1.297 | 9.3 1.9 Be, 0.2 Ni.or Co 0 ° 6 64 3 in te ILt | 70 Cu, 30 Zn Y 53 x2 | pre | O38 | 102 | socu, 1020 4 jf fe 0.307 | 114 61.5 Cu, 35.5 Zn, 3 Pb 16 ‘ bs B80 | 0.302 | 11.8 58 Cu, 39 Zn, plus 15 e 3 | Bor | 9308 | 11.8 | 60.cu, 39.25 Zn, 0.75 Sn 18 Ps ' 1] 0.314) 9.3 | 55Cu,27Zn, 18 Ni 16 3 B85] 0.318 | 10.1 | 92Cu, 8 Sn 7 64 10 | B80 | 0.316 | 99 | 97.7Cu, 1.55i, plus 15 3.6 48 BSS | 0,306 | 11.3 65 Cu, 35 Zn 15 56 23 B70 | 0.306 | 11.3 | 65 Cu,35-Zn 10 3.85 16 40(€)| 0.099. | 12.9 1.0 Mn, others ws | 40 13 |135(@)| 0.101, | 128 | 3.9Cu, 0.5 Si, 0.4 Mn, 0.2 Mg 10.6 40s 2 a 0.098 | 13.0 3.8 Cu, 1.2 Mg, 0.3 Mn 10 x (@)| 0.100 | 12.7 | 0.15 Cu, 0.8 Mg, 0.4 Si | 104, 39 10 150(e)| 0.101 | 12.9 $.1 Zn, 2.1 Mg, 1.2.Cu 103 3.85 18 | 70@)| 0.095 | 11.7 | 9Si,0.4Mg 103 3.85 3 | 80] 0.098 | 11.7 | 1 Cu, 4.5 Si,0.4 Mg 65 24 16, | E72 | 0.065 | 144 | 6 Al,1.Zn,0.2 Mn 65 24 6 | E82 | 0.065 | 144 | 85 Al,0.5 Zn, 0.15 Mn 65 24 5. | £77 | 0.066 | 144 | 9 Al,0.7 Zn, 0.2 Mn 42 5 | 20] 036°] 13.3 | 80Pb,15Sb,5Sn . | 277 | to(e)| 0.36. | 13.3, | 80 Pb, 15 Sb, 5Sn 2 17(e)} 0.265 91 Sn, 4.5 Sb, 4.5 Cu 10 , | B93 | 0.334 | 5.55 | 62Ni, 28 Mo, 5 Fe 30 | 0306 | 7.8 | 66Ni,29Cu,3 AL 20 35 90(c)} 0.722 | 5.0(y) | 10 Rhodium : 2 0.160 | 5.8 6AL4V 4 0.160, | 58 Hi. temp. aero. setvice 7 | 91] 024 | 15.2 | 4Al,1.Cu, 0.04 Mg Po Et TABLE AT4 TYPICAL PROPERTIES . OF SOME STAINLESS STEELS?+129.2.21.230 Notes: (a) Coet. of thera! expansion near room temp, « in.jit="F. (8) Approx. averag Mitues of ult. strength of 403, 410, and 416 are given by 5, = 5 + 0.465 (BHN) in keles (e) Varies with details of heat treatment and cold working. (d) Cold worked, fall hard, (@ Endurance limits for stainless steels may be estimated at 0.4s., up to tensile strength fucr. ste. inp. | moo. et. | e10no] azo MATERIAL Sy ksi am. 4 |E x 19-¢ | 2 in | antasg AISI No. © © n © ©. 301,phard . + | (1250h) 30(@)| 28 302,annealed . + + 90 34 28 65 302,hard =» + ~~ | 125(g)(h) 704) | 28 303, annealed =] 90 35 28 ss 304, annealed co 28 ~ 316, cold worked 90 40 28 65 321, annealed 7 87 38 28 65 347, annealed . ...| 90 39 28 6 403, 410, heat treated (b) | 110(h) 58 2» 410, cold worked (b). . | 100(h) 53 29 416, annealed (b) - - : 15 40 29 430, annealed . . «| 75 | 45 | 40 29 431, OQT 1000(t) . -| 150. | 130 29 W-7PH rod) «ef 7S | ass: | at 29 TABLE ATS TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF A FEW PLASTICS®-0.2-21.2.27 Notes: (a) TS, thermosetting; TP, thermoplastic. (b) National Electrical Mfg. Assoc. grades, (c) Flatwise. (@) For # to 1-in. dia, Reduce 15% for sizes 1 to 2 in. (€) For # to 1-in. dia. Reduce 10% for sizes 1 to 2in, (f)"Min. values. (g) Bending strength, symmetric sections. (b) Specific gravity. (1) Aver. water absorption, 24-br., din. thickness, per cent. 3 Phenol-formaldehyde Grade X (&) () Grade XX (b) @) Grade C(t) () « GrdeA()@ Wood fiour filler (p) Urea-formaldehyde Polyvinyl chloride Polyvinyl chloride (a). Polymethyl Methacrylate Polystyrene () - . Polyamide (m) —- Cellulose Acetate Polyethelene (f) Polytetrafiuoroethylene (m) Polyvinylidene chloride Polychlorotrifuoroethylene Perr KEK XEEX FEEE FLERE H30 3948 98a dada of about 160 ksil®"*) (0) Varies some with condition: annealed, cold worked, stress relieved. In shear, for cold drawn spring wires, G 10.6 x 10° psi. (g) 0.058-in. strip. () Minimum. (1) 1-in. bars. (j) PH, precipitation hardened; Republic Steel TH 1050; guaranteed Sumin=170 ksi; 54 at 10%, BHN 1zop (aver.)| DENSITY | fi-ib.-! « x 108, | bine | co |e REMARKS 260 | 0.286 9.4 | (17% Cr, 7% Ni) General use; trim, structural. 150 | 0.286 | 90 | 96 | Auccanit. w, 1d work eel aces 3S | Austenitic. Hardenablo by cold work. 302, 303 aro 18-8 stainless steels. Austenitic. Hardenable by cold work. 150 | 0.286 | 110 9.6 . Hardenable by cold work. 190 | 0.286 8.9 | Austenitic. Hardenable by cold work. 7 yy cold work. 150 | 0.290 | 110 |° 93 | Stabilized by Ti. 160 | 0.286 | 100 | 9.3 | Austenitic. Hardenable by cold work. 25 | 0.279 | 75 5.7 | Martensitic, Hardenable by HT. 205 | 0.279 | 80 | 5.7 | Martensitic. Max. hardness. 155 | 0.278 | 70 | 5.7 | Marttensitic. Hardenable by HT. 160 0.277 35 58 Ferritic. Not hardened by HT. 325 | 0.28 50) 65 | Martensitic. Hardened by HT to high strength. 390 | 0.276 5.6 | (17% Cr, 7% Ni, 1.15% Al) Solution annealed : tc. 160 | 0.286 | 80 | 96 ()) 48-br. immersion, (k) L, laminated; M, molded. (1) When used for gears, let s, = 6000 psi. (m) Yield strength. (n) Unplasticized. (p) General purpose. (q) At 1% def. (r) At failure. (s) At 73°F. () At 5% strain, (u) Rupture, ELONG. 1z0p, | %H20 % |ROCK.| MoD. EL.,|sP. GR ft-lb} Ab- ‘A FEW TRADE NAMES® [O} A | (A) | sor. 1.35 4-20 | 1.35 35-15 | 1.35 35-15. | 1.65 14 1.30] 14 1.0(¢)| 0.65 |} Bakelite, Durez, Formica, 3.2)| 1.2 |{ Textolite, Micarta, Synthane, 1.8(€)| 0.65 |! Durite, 04-08 o4 | os. |h 0.6 1.45 | 0.24 | 0.4 | Beetle, Sylplast, Plaskon, 30 3 1.2 |0.8 | 0.05 | Geon, Vinylite, Marvinol. 10 8 141 |0.4 | 0.1. | Exon, Pliovic, Ultron. 8 1.16 | 0.4 | 0.3(j)| Lucite, Plexiglass, Perspex. 12 05 | 1.06 [0.2 | 0.03 | Lustrex, Styron, Styrene, Pliolite. 60(3) 3.5 | 1.14] 0.96)| 1.5 | Nylon, Zytel, 101. 20 2 127] 4 — |15-29] Plastacele, Celanese, Kodapak. 30-500 01s | 0.92 0.01 | Dylan, Alathon, Orizon. 100-200)R20 | 0.6 | 22 2-4 | none | Teflon (TFE), 0.7 01 ‘Saran. none 07 | 17 24 Kel-F, Fluorothene. F AT6 TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF TABLE. AT Sug METALS s4eeseseaan imate coefficients of thermal expansion, injin"F are: gray Not Approximate af 10-*; nodular iron, 6.7 x 10°; cact steel, 6. xm La “ienifcantly ‘with composition). Poisson's ratio: gray iron, 0.211 (min,) rt 265; veodular iron, 0.16; east steel, 0.27. (a) ASTM and SAE specificat Ham jal (0) Machioability relative values, AISI B1112 = 100%, (€) 1.24 dia, 1p Hacmorts, (4) Test results suggest that the flexural strength of east iron in symmey a supports: (puted from +, = MZ, Hs about 1.95, 0 2sy- Use 19s. (6) Estimates ‘Minimum values. Typical values may range 10-40% higher. (g) ASTM 35 and higher ay, Manner tobe high-strength, and are definitely more expensive. (8) Forcast ion, at 259° St att. stress; varies with section size and chemical analysis. (I) Reversed bending, For 56% 10° (but 5 malleabte ions are not var stamens, ft [TN Tino. [ax MATERIAL, SPEC. NO. IstrenctH | um, | yp, se] Se] sen] Tors.) 16.06) | sits] sy ks: @ Gray mon (8) (ascast) | @) | @) © ASTM — SAE(@) | 20 jo. . | 200) | 83 | 32 | 26 | 1850 | 10 3. ee ef 25) 97. | 35 | 32 | 217s | 1s 30 mi. . | 306) 109 | at }'40 | 2525 | 14 35@) :120«-~S | «35(f) 124 | 49 | 48.5] 2850 | 36 go 12-40) ft4o | 52] 57 | 3175 | 185 50g) - - + «| SO) 464 | 64] 73 | 3600 | 215 oo) + +: + | 60) 1187 | 60] 885} 3700 | 24.5 NiResist, Inco K-6 ~. | 25(f) | 100(f) Meehanito,(w) - + | 35(0) 28(f) (MALLEABLE IRON ASTM ~ Grade A47-52.» 32510° «| 52 (0) | 48} 58 25.5 | 34. AAT52 35018 | 55 (o) | 43} 58 27 | 365 NODULAR CAST IRON (j) | 60-45-10 (annealed) (q). | 70 @ 37 30 | 55 80-60-03 (as cast) (p) - | 88 © 3B 40 | 65 100-70-03 (heat treat) (r) | 110 © 88(¢) 44(€)| 80 MAX. CARBON (CAST STEEL AND HEAT TREAT. ASTM — SAE(a) “ A27-58). «+. + | GOCE) |} 60(F) | 0.3% C, Annealed 25 | 30(f) ‘A27-58(t) 0030(k) . | 65(f) | 65(f)| 0.3% C, Normalized | 28 | 35(F) A2758 . .. «| 70(f) | 70(f) | 0.35% C, Normatized| 31 | 36(f) A27§8 . . «| T0(f) | 70(f) | 0.25% C, Normalized 40(f) A148-58 080 «=. =. | 80(f) | 80(f) N&T 35 | 40(f) A148-58 + + «| 80(f) | 80(f) wot 35 | 50(EXv) Al48-58 090. | 90(F)(v)} 90(F) N&T 41 | 60) Al48-58 0105. «| 105(€) | 105(f) wor 49 | 85(f) AMgB58. . .. 1120(f) | 120(F) WOT 55 | 95(E)(w) A148-58 0150 150(f) | 150(f) wort 65 | 125(f) Asy < Sh < 0. fe ay aie pea ane indicates minimum properties; €-6- Se = Saka, Jy % offset), and 3% elongation, minimum, jn approximately T-in, section, (K) 0.394 C, max. () N&T, normalized and tempered. PrO- ‘of steel castings vary with ca , teatpatniccd irbon and it pert wrought steel; min. s{ 7 O.ds,. (m) fi alloy contents and with heat treatment, as “ py impact, keyhole notch, 70°F, ft-lb. charpy impact, V-notched. (0) Take as equal to s.(p) ASTM A339.55, (@ ASTM ABs 56T. (0) eee (s) For design, assume compressive ultimate and yield strengths ee ee 100F ao Sy fespectiely, (t) Common commercial grades. (u) Tempered . bs = ee ie © 9 ksi, 5, = 73ksi_when WQT 1200. (w) BHN izop DENSITY MCH. REC. MIN. S-lb, Ibjin® (b) WALL THICK. @) ind 9.6(f) } 3.9) | 156 0.253 t= tin ist) | 4.6) | 174 0.253 = fin. 13) 5.2(f) | 201 23 0.254 | 80 t= fin. 14.5(f) 5.8(f) |. 212 25 0.257 65 t= fin. 16(f) 6.4(f) 235 31 0.262 xs i 18.8(f) 721) 262 65 0.269 50 20.4(f) |. 7.8(f). | 302 5 0.269 1in. 1208) 145 | 100 < t= Fin. 12) 190 t=$fin. i ELONG. ‘RED. Zin, % | Area, % 25 107 | 120 12 | 0262 | 120 125 25 107 | 130 120 20 23 95 160 | 9-20(n) | 0.26 5 18 | 23 99 | 230° |2-8(m) “| 0.26 6 23 9.9 | 270. | 2-6(n) 5 (30 1s | 120 -| 18m) | 0.284 | 35 30 50 30 us | 130 | 230m) | 0.284 | 60 30 3 30 115 | 140 | 19m) ] 0.284 |. 65 26 40 30 “Us 30(m) 0.284 - 30 uns | 460 | 22(m) | 0.284 |. 70 27 42 : 30 °| 115 | 170 | 30¢m(u) | 0.284 28(u) | 68(u) 30 11.5 |“ 190 | 20(my(u) | 0.284 | 70 24 50 30 11s | 235 | 28m) | 0.284 | 60 18 42 30 115 | 269 | 25m) | 0.284 14) | 30¢¢) 30 115 | 310 0.284 x) | 2a¢e) 30 115 | 390 | 12m) 284 8 Ls | == 1S nl TABLE AT7 TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF WROUGHT FERROUS METALS!123.2920210) (See also charts for C1040, 3140, 4340; and Tables AT 8-AT 10, incl.), ee mae ‘i tensic Ke E Wvadulus of elasticity in tension or compression, E = 30 x 10° psi (For Wi E = 28 x 10° psi). Fought iron, Modulus of elasticity in shear ot torsion, G = 11.5 x 10° pst (For wrought iron, @ 10 x 10° psi). 1G= Yield strengch in torsion (shear) frequently falls between 0.55, and 0.6. Use 0.6s, Enturance limit ofa polished specimen, reversed bending, approximately s/2; Table AT 10, Endurance limit in vevcrsed torsion, approximutely 0.6s,; see § 4,7. ° . Polsson’s ratio is about 0.25 to 0.33. Use 0.3 for steel. MATERIAL. conpition |_utr. str, ksi | TEN. vD.| ELoNG. AISI No. oO Se SA4) | Sy ksi | 2in. % Wrought Iron | As rolled 4ea)| 36 | 250) | 35 Wrought Steel cio10(k) | Cold drawn 67 | 50 | ss | 25 | s7 Jas7 C1015 (k) | Cold drawn 7 | 58 | 63 | 2 | 6 170 1020 As rolled 65 | 49 | 48 | 36 | 59 | 143 c1020 Normalized 64 | sae} 50 | 39 | 69 Ja3t c1020 Annealed sr | 43 | 42 | 365] 66 Jam C1020 (k) Cold drawn 78 58 66 20 59 156 c1022 As rolled nm | 4 | s2 | 35 | 67 |i C1030 As rolled go | 6 | st | 32. |: 56 J179 C1035 As rolled 3 | 6 | 55 | 29 | 58 | 190 C1045 As rolled 6 if 72, 2501", | 22) |) aS. 3] 21s C1095 Notmalized a1 | 105 | 80 8 | 16 | 285 BI113(k) | Cold finished g3. | oz | 72 | 14 | 40 {170 BILI3 As rolled 10 45 | 25 | 40 | 138 cus As rolled 7 | 56 | 46. | 32 | 70 | 149 C1118 ()_—_| Cold drawn so | 6 | 75 | 16 | 57 | 180 C144 OQT 1000 us | 88 | 83 | 19 | 46 | 235 1340 OQT 1200 13 | 34 | 92 | a | 6 | 29 13845 OQT 800 187 | 140 | 175 | 16 | 56 2317(@) oar 1000 106 | 79 | 71 | 27 | 72 |220 2340(6) gr 1000 137 | 103 | 120 | 22 | 60 | 285 3150 or 1000 1st | 113 | 130 | 16 | 34 | 300 3250(e) QT 1000 166 | 122 | 146 | 16 | 52 | 340 4063» | OQT 1000 130 | 135. | 160 | 14 | 43 | 375 4130 WOT 1100 a7 | 95 | 14 | 18 | 62 | 260 4130(6) Cold drawn yz | ot | sos | 16 | 45 | 248 4340(6) Cold drawn iz, | 91 | 10s | 15 | 45° | 248 4640(6) gr 1000 152 | 104 | 130 | 19 | 56 | 310 5140(¢) OQT 1000 150 | 113 | 128 | 19 | 55 | 300 5140(e) Cold drawn 105 19 | 88 18 52 | 212 8630 | Colddrawn10%] 115 | 86 | 100 | 22 | 53 | 222 8640 0QT.1000 160 | 120 | 150 | 16 | 55 | 330 8760 oQT'800 220 | 165 | 200 12 43° (| 429 9255 QT 1000 180 | 135 | 160 15 32 | 352 ee OQT 1000 152° | 104 | 135° | 18 | @L | 31 50 gr 1100 10 | 135 | 158 | 15 } 48° | 360 Lt Density 1s about 0.284 Ibjin.® (0.28 Ib/in.® for wrought iron). CCoefclent of thermal expansion (linear is 0,000 O07 infin" (0,000 0006 5 for wrought iron). Varies significantly with large temperature change, See § 2.22 for eryogenic applica- tons. Notes: B preceding AISI No. indicates Bessemer, as B1113; C preceding indicates open hearth, as C1020. (@) Minimum valites. (b) ‘Annealed, © or 1000 eas for ‘“‘quenched and tempered at 1000°F,” ete. (4) Ultimate stress in shear has been arbitrarily taken 25 (.75) (tensile ultimate); except starred * values which are test values. (e) 1-in. specimen. (Torsion. (g) Mill anneated. (4) Cold drawn. (i) See § 2.2 for definition. (J) Charpy Y= notch, 70°F. (k) Properties depend on amount of cold work. 1Z0D | MAcHIN- noc, | ft-lb. on SOME TYPICAL USES; REMARKS i |— 7 ee B60 50(h)_ | ASTM A85-36, 41-36 | 50 | Bars, strips, sheet, plate, Cold drawn shapes. 137(j)| 50 Bars, sheets. Table AT 8. For carburizing: Table AT ‘11. B79 64 | 64 | Structural steel; plate, sheet, strip, wire. B74 2 Carburizing grade, Table AT 11. B66. 80 General purpose. B83 62 _ | Misc. machine parts are cold forged; bars. B81 60 | 70(h) | General purpose. BBB 55 | 60 | Machinery parts. Table AT 8. BOL 45 57 | Machine parts. May be heat treated. Table AT 9. B96 30 | 51 | Large shafts. C25 3 | 39 | Tools, springs. Usually heat treated. Table AT 9. B87 135° | Free cutting; high sulfur. BI6 Free cutting; high sulfur. BBL 80 | 82 | Freocutting; not usually welded. Carburized, Table AT 11. 110())| 85 | Table AT 8 for C1117. C22 36 | 65(b) | Free cutting. High sulfur. Tables AT 8 and AT 9 for C1137. cst 95 | 45(g) | (1.75% Mn). Manganese steel. C42 . 1345 with boron for improved harden: B97 85 |'55(h) | (34% Ni)—Gears, pump liners, etc. C30 so | 31 (34% Ni)—Gears, etc. cx 46 (1.25% Ni, 0.8% Cr.) Gears, bolts, shafts, etc. €36.5 | 30 | 55(b) | (1.85% Ni, 1.05% Cr) Gears, etc. cao 39 (0.25% Mo) Shafts, bars, etc. . C25 85 | 65(b). | (0.95% Cr, 0.20% Mo) Shafts, forgings, pins, aircraft tubes. 45(g) | (1.85% Ni, 0.8% Cr, 0.25% Mo) General purpose. Fig. AF3. C33 41 | 55(b). | (1.85% Ni, 0.25% Mo). 32 60(b) | (0.80% Cr) Gears, shafts, pins, etc. 608) (0.55% Ni, 0.5% Cr, 0.2% Mo). Table AT 9. 3s 36 | 60(b) | (0.55% Ni, 0.50% Cr, 0.20% Mo). C46 19 50(b) | (0.55)% Ni, 0.50% Cr, 0.25% Mo) Tools, gears, bolts. C36 7 45(b) | (2.00% Si, 0.82% Mn) Springs, chisels, tools. C33 B 60(b) | (0.45% Ni, 0.4% Cr, 0.11% Mo). Mn, 0.8% Cr. 0.25% Mo) Heavy duty; C37 50 50(b) | 1% Ni, 0.8% a FACTORS OF SAFETY (DESIGN FACTORS) arily for beginners’ use, although safety marked with * are primaril , although t Oe keke ‘They should not be used when a detailed accounting is made of the me loading, stress concentrations, etc., Chapter 4, Acceptable for use with typical strengtbs. 20 TABLE 1.1 CAST IRON, | STEEL, BRITTLE ‘TIMBER DUCTILE METALS METALS KIND OF LOAD : Based on | Based on Based on Ultimate Strength Dead load, N = Repeated, one direction, gradual (mild shock),* N = Repeated, reversed, gradual (mild shock),* N = Shock,* NV =

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