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Study Guide

This study guide covers key concepts for stoichiometry including: 1) Using mole ratios from balanced chemical equations to calculate quantities of reactants and products. 2) Converting between moles and mass using molar masses. 3) Identifying limiting reactants and calculating product formation based on limiting quantities. 4) Calculating theoretical and percent yields.

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59 views

Study Guide

This study guide covers key concepts for stoichiometry including: 1) Using mole ratios from balanced chemical equations to calculate quantities of reactants and products. 2) Converting between moles and mass using molar masses. 3) Identifying limiting reactants and calculating product formation based on limiting quantities. 4) Calculating theoretical and percent yields.

Uploaded by

alana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Study Guide: Stoichiometry

Study Goals:
▪ Given a quantity in moles of a reactant or product, use a mole-mole conversion from the
balanced equation to calculate the number of moles of another substance in the reaction
▪ Given the mass in grams of a substance in a reaction, use the appropriate conversion factors and
molar masses to calculate the mass in grams of another substance in the reaction
▪ Identify a limiting reactant when given the quantities of two reactants
▪ Calculate the amount of a product formed from a limiting reactant
▪ Given the actual quantity of a product formed from a limiting reactant

After studying Stoichiometry, I can successfully:


✓ Use mole-mole conversions for the mole relationships in an equation to calculate the moles of
another substance in an equation for a chemical reaction
✓ Calculate the mass of a substance in an equation using mole conversions and molar masses
✓ Given the mass of reactants, find the limiting reactant and calculate the amount of product
formed
✓ Calculate the percent yield for a reaction given the actual yield of a product

Think About It:


1. How does an equation tell us the reacting ratios of the substances in the reaction?
2. What is a limiting reactant?
3. What is the difference between theoretical yield and actual yield?

Mole Relationships in Chemical Equations:


▪ The law of conservation of mass states that mass is not lost or gained during a chemical reaction
▪ The coefficients in a balanced chemical equation describe the moles of reactants and products in
the reactions
▪ Using the coefficients, mole-mole conversion factors are written for any two substances in the
equation
▪ For the reaction of oxygen-forming ozone, 3 O2 → 2 O3, the mole conversion factors are the
following:
_3 mol O2_ and _2 mol O3_
2 mol O3 3 mol O2
Mass Calculations for Reactions:
▪ The number of grams or moles of one substance in an equation is converted to grams or moles
of another substance in an equation using appropriate molar masses and mole-mole factors
Limiting Reactants:
▪ In a limiting reactant problem, the availability of one of the reactants limits the amount of
product
▪ The reactant that is used up is the limiting reactant; the reactant that remains is the excess
reactant
▪ The limiting reactant produces the smaller number of moles or grams of product
▪ To find the excess, take the limiting reactant and SOLVE for the other given (this will tell you
HOW MUCH of the excess reactant was used BEFORE the limiting reactant ran out)
o Take the answer from the stoichiometric calculation (the 3rd stoichiometry problem) and
subtract the answer from the given (or excess reactant) to find the excess

Percent Yield: *Honors ONLY


▪ In most reactions, some product is lost due to incomplete reactions or side reactions. The
amount of product collected and measured is called the actual yield
▪ Theoretical yield is the maximum amount of product calculated for a given amount of a reactant
▪ Percent yield is the ratio of the actual amount (yield) of product obtained to the theoretical yield
Percent Yield = ___actual yield___ x 100
Theoretical yield

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