NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

EE1071 INTRODUCTION TO
EEE LABORATRIES
LAB REPORT

Name : GAN ZHEN HAO

Matric No. : U1722678C
Group : LA04
Instructor : Ong Keng Sian, Vincent
Date : 7 April 2018
Module 1 – Laboratory Basics (Experiments 1 to 6)
Experiment 1: Familiarization with the DC Power Supply

Results:
Voltage set on the power supply (V) Measured voltage (V)
5 5.00

Comment:
By theory, the measured voltage should be exactly same with the voltage set on the power
supply, i.e. no power loss during measure. The experiment confirms this theory.

Experiment 2: Determining the DC Resistance of a Voltmeter

The circuit is shown below,
R

Power
10 V V RV
Supply

Results:
1. Voltage of the DC power supply as measured by the voltmeter = 10.09 V.
2. Resistance R at which the voltage drops to half of the original value = 9.4 M Ω.

Comments:
According to theory, when the p.d. across voltmeter = p.d. across resistor R, which is half of
the voltage of the power supply, R = Rv (the internal resistance of voltmeter). By experiment,
we can know that Rv ≈ 9.4M Ω. There might be some power loss between wires and
components.

Experiment 3: Determining the DC Resistance of an Ammeter

Power R
10 V V Voltmeter Power A Ammeter
Supply 10 V
Supply

Formula given:
Vpower-supply = Iammeter x (R + Rammeter)
Results:
1. Measured voltage of the DC power supply = 10.02 V.
2. Measured resistance of the resistor, R = 985 Ω.
3. Measured current through the resistor, I = 10.10 mA
4. Calculated internal resistance of the Ammeter = 7.38 Ω.

Comments:
The theoretical value of resistor is 1000 Ω. But its actual resistance is only 985 Ω. This might
due to the tolerance of resistor and random error. Second, the internal resistance of power supply
has been ignored, but it might have caused some uncertainties in the calculated internal resistance
of Ammeter.

Experiment 4: Determination of the Current Required to Light up an LED

R1 R2

Power
5V LED
Supply

Resistor, R1 = 1 kΩ.

Formulae given:
VR1+R2 = Vpower-supply - VLED
ILED = VR1+R2/(R1+R2)
Results:
1. Voltage across the LED when it just lights up = 1.64 V.
2. Value of the variable resistor at which the LED just lights up = 80 kΩ.
3. Calculated current through the LED = 0.042 mA.

Comments:
By the formulae given, we can obtain the approximate current through the LED when it is
light up. This value is just an approximate value due to human error, as we see the point when
it is light up differently.

Experiment 5: Resistors Connected in Series

R1 R2

Power
10 V R3
Supply

1. Resistor, R1 = 560 Ω.
2. Resistor, R2 = 1.5 kΩ.
3. Resistor, R3 = 1 kΩ.
Results:
Measured Calculated
VR1 1.83 V 1.83 V
VR2 4.93 V 4.90 V
VR3 3.28 V 3.27 V
IR1 3.22 mA 3.27 mA
IR2 3.22 mA 3.27 mA
IR3 3.22 mA 3.27 mA

Comments:
There are some deviations between measured current and calculated value of both voltage
and current. This might due to the power loss in the wire, the tolerance of resistor or
multimeter.

Experiment 6: Resistors Connected in Parallel

Power
10 V R1 R2 R3
Supply

1. Resistor, R1 = 3 kΩ.
2. Resistor, R2 = 3.9 kΩ.
3. Resistor, R3 = 5.1 kΩ.

Results:
Measured Calculated
VR1 10.0 V 10.0 V
VR2 10.0 V 10.0 V
VR3 10.0 V 10.0 V
IR1 3.33 mA 3.33 mA
IR2 2.56 mA 2.56 mA
IR3 1.96 mA 1.96 mA

Comments:
The experimental measured value fits the theoretical calculated value.

Experiment 7: A Resistive Network

R1

Power
10 V R2 R3
Supply
1. Resistor, R1 = 1 kΩ.
2. Resistor, R2 = 390 Ω.
3. Resistor, R3 = 470 Ω.

Results:
Measured Calculated
VR1 8.24 V 8.24 V
VR2 1.76 V 1.76 V
VR3 1.76 V 1.76 V
IR1 8.24 mA 8.24 mA
IR2 4.45 mA 4.51 mA
IR3 3.75 mA 3.75 mA

Comments:
The experimental measured value fits the theoretical calculated value.

Experiment 8: A More Complicated Resistive Network

R1 R3

Power
10 V R2 R4
Supply

1. Resistor, R1 = 560 Ω.
2. Resistor, R2 = 1 kΩ.
3. Resistor, R3 = 1.5 kΩ.
4. Resistor, R4 = 1 kΩ.

Results:
Measured Calculated
VR1 4.39 V 4.39 V
VR2 5.61 V 5.61 V
VR3 3.36 V 3.36 V
VR4 2.24 V 2.24 V
IR1 7.90 mA 7.85 mA
IR2 5.65 mA 5.61 mA
IR3 2.20 mA 2.24 mA
IR4 2.20 mA 2.24 mA

Comments:
As we can see, there is some deviations between measure and calculated current. This might
due to the power loss and random error occur in the measurement and the circuit.
Module 2 – Working with AC Waveforms (Experiments 9 to 15)
Experiment 9: Using the Oscilloscope and Function Generator
Results:
1.

2. Volts/div setting in the oscilloscope = 0.5 V/div.

3. Seconds/div setting in the oscilloscope = 200µ seconds/div.
Measured Calculated
VR1 0.910 V 0.909 V
VR2 0.090 V 0.091 V
Waveform period 1.00 ms 1.00 ms

Comments:
The experimental measured value fits the theoretical calculated value.

Experiment 10: The RC Circuit

Results:
 Volts/div Seconds/div Frequency
C = 0.01 μF 0.200 200 μs 500 Hz
C = 0.047 μF 0.200 500 μs 100 Hz
C = 0.1 μF 0.200 1 ms 50 Hz

Experiment 11: The RL Circuit

Results:

Volts/div Seconds/div Frequency

L = 220 μH 0.500 2µs 50 kHz
L = 1 mH 0.500 5μs 50 kHz

Experiment 12: The RLC Circuit - Voltage across the Inductor

Results:
 Waveform from function Waveform across inductor
generator
Time period 213 μs 213 μs
Amplitude 2.00 V 3.00 V
Experiment 13: The RLC Circuit - Voltage across the Capacitor
Results:

Waveform from function Waveform across inductor

generator
Time period 213 μs 213 μs
Amplitude 2.00 V 3.56 V

Experiment 14: The Astable 555 I.C. Oscillator

Formulae:
f = 1/T = 1.44/ {(R3+ 2xR4)x C2}
Results:
1. Measured frequency = 0.57 Hz.
2. Measured value of the variable resistor = 114 kΩ.
3. Calculated frequency = 0.62 Hz

Discussion:
1. Compare the measured frequency values with the calculated ones, and if there are
differences, suggest some possible explanations.
The measured and calculated frequency exists some deviations. This may due to the
resistors, i.e. R3 and R4 or capacitor, C2 having some error. The resistor used has 5%
tolerance; while the capacitance used has 20% tolerance.
2. Suggest a method to obtain a frequency of exactly 2Hz.
To obtain a frequency of exactly 2 Hz, by calculations, we can tune the variable resistance
to 35.5 kΩ.

Experiment 15: The Ring Counter

Results:
1. Step 3:
Only LED D3 lights up
2. Step 4:
LEDs D4 to D11 light up one by one when the Clock switch is pressed.
3. Step 8:
LED D3 lights up
4. Step 9:
LEDs D4 to D11 light up one by one in sequence
Discussion:
1. Explain observations of step 13.
For step 13, the LEDs light up randomly as there is no charging and discharging, and
the noise triggers the clock of the IC, hence triggering the LEDs randomly.

2. Explain observations of step 17.

For step 17, the LEDs light up randomly as there is no charging and discharging, and
the noise triggers the clock of the IC, hence triggering the LEDs randomly.

Module 3 – – Soldering and Testing (Experiment 16)

Experiment 16: Soldering and Testing
Outcome:
The LED D3 lights up when the Set switch is pressed, and the LEDs D4 to D11 light up one by
one in sequence automatically.

SAFETY REPORT:
As a student new to working in the Electrical & Electronic Engineering (EEE) laboratories,
it is important to be aware of the safety issues. I have read the safety notice board near the
entrance of the laboratory thoroughly before working in the lab. Useful information on it
includes general rules and regulation, electrical safety information, emergency contact
numbers and evacuation routes. For personal safety, my shoes are rubber soled because the
experiments involved electricity. No animals were harmed in the process of making of this.