ANAT0MY ASSIGNMENT

“BONES AND CARTILAGE”

1) Which is a major function of the skeletal system?
A) support of the body
B) storage of glucose
C) production of ATP
D) maintenance of interstitial fluid composition
E) None of the answers are correct.

2) The skeletal system participates in ________.

A) maintaining blood calcium levels
B) absorbing the shock of unexpected rapid body movements
C) facilitating transmission of nerve impulses
D) cushioning abdominal organs such as the kidneys
E) All of the answers are correct.

3) In addition to osseous tissue, a typical bone contains ________.

A) other connective tissues
B) smooth muscle tissues (in blood vessel walls)
C) neural tissues
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

4) Which of the following is produced within red bone marrow?

A) blood cells
B) adipose tissue
C) calcium
D) protein
E) All of the answers are correct.

5) Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following?

A) neural tissue
B) muscle tissue
C) connective tissue
D) epithelial tissue
 E) None of the answers are correct.

6) Organic components of the matrix of bone include ________.

A) calcium phosphate
B) collagen fibers
C) calcium carbonate
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

7) Mature bone cells that maintain and monitor the protein and mineral content of the
surrounding matrix are called ________.
A) osteocytes
B) chondrocytes
C) osteoblasts
D) osteoclasts
E) osteoplasts

8) Which type of cell divides to produce daughter cells that can differentiate readily after a
bone is cracked or broken?
A) osteocyte
B) osteoprogenitor cell
C) red marrow cell
D) osteoclast
E) osteoblast

9) The function of an osteoclast in osseous tissue is ________.

A) to produce new bone matrix
B) to dissolve old bone matrix and release amino acids and the stored calcium
and phosphate
C) to secrete the organic components of the matrix
D) to produce new osteoblasts
E) None of the answers are correct.

10) A bone cell that secretes the organic components of bone matrix is ________.
 A) stimulated by activity of the thyroid gland
B) an osteoclast
C) an osteoblast
D) an osteocyte
E) located in a lacuna

11) Which of the following is a special characteristic of spongy bone?

A) lacuna
B) medullary cavity
C) trabecula
D) central canal
E) canaliculus

12) In osseous tissue, which of the following is always removing matrix and releasing
minerals?
A) nerves
B) capillaries
C) osteons
D) osteocytes
E) osteoclasts

13) The epiphyseal cartilage connects to the diaphysis by a narrow zone called the
________.
A) medulla
B) lacuna
C) metaphysis
D) periosteum
E) endosteum

14) How many bones does an adult human skeleton have?

a) 206
b) 209
c) 207
d) 205
15) Name the four classes of bones?

e) Long, short, regular, irregular

f) Big, small, flat, bulged
g) Long, Short, Flat, and Irregular
h) Big, small, regular, irregular

16) Name the two kinds of tissues present in the bone?

i) Cancellous tissue and non-compact tissue

j) Compact tissue and non compact tissue
k) Compact tissue and cancellous tissue
l) Non compact tissue and cancellous tissue

17) Which of the following connective tissue envelopes the bone?

m) Periosteum
n) Pericardium
o) Myocardium
p) Marrow

18) Which cell secretes the matrix for bone formation?

q) Osteoclastoma
r) Osteoclast
s) Mesoblasts
t) Osteoblasts

19)Which of the following are two types of bone marrow?

u) Red marrow and yellow marrow

v) Red marrow and white marrow
w) Yellow marrow and white marrow
x) White marrow and blue marrow

20) Human Cranium has ________ bones.

y) 12
 z) 7
aa) 8
bb) 9

21)Membrane bones develop in membranous sheets formed by condensation of :

(a) endoderm. (b)ectoderm

(c) mesoderm. (d) none of these

GA(Laiq Hussain) Page 29

22)Most of the bones of the body are of which variety?

(a) membranous. (b) cartilaginous

(c) membranocartilaginous. (d) accesory

GA(Laiq Hussain) Page 29

23)Carpal and tarsal bones of our body belong to which type of bones?

(a) short bones (b) typical long bone

(c) miniature long bone. (d) irregular bone

(e) flat bone

GA(Laiq Hussain) Page 30

24)Which variety of bones has two compact layers sandwiching the spongy bone?

(a) short bones. (b) irregular bones

(c) flat bones. (d) sesamoid bones

(e) long bones

GA(Laiq Hussain) Page 30

25)Which of the following is a pneumatic bone?

(a) Maxilla. (b) Temporal

(c) sphenoid. (d) occipital

(e) all of these

GA(Laiq Hussain) Page 32

26)Why are the qir sinuses in skull clinically important?

(a) They make skull lighter. (b) Give resonance to wound

(c) Favourite site of infection. (d) Give protection to skull

GA(Laiq Hussain) Page 32

27)What is the function of sesamoid bones?

(a) Act as pulley. (b) provide smooth surface for tendons

(c) transfer muscular forces. (d) protect tendons

(e) All of these

GA(Laiq Hussain) Page 33

28)which is the largest sesamoid bone of the body?

(a) patella. (b) knee cap

(c) adductor policis. (d) flexor pollicis

(e) both a and b

GA(Laiq Hussain) Page 33

29)Short bones only occur where :

(a) little movement occurs. (b) no movement occurs

(c) circumduction occurs. (d) none of these

GA(Laiq Hussain)Page 30

30)which bone acts as a connecting bridge ?

(a) radius. (b) scapula

(c) clavicle. (d) occipital bone

(e) carpal bone

GA(Laiq Hussain) Page 30

31)The largest sesamoid bone of body is present in tendon of which muscle?

(a) quadriceps femoris muscle. (b) flexor pollicis brevis

(c) flexor hallucis brevis. (d) adductor pollicis

GA(Laiq Hussain) Page 33

32)Which of the following bone is not always present?

(a) os vesalianum. (b) os trigonum

(c) sutural bone. (d) rider's bone

(e) all of these

GA(Laiq Hussain) Page 35

33)Os trigonum is an accesory bone which sometimes appear at :

(a) adjacent to 5th metatarsal bone. (b) lamboid suture

(c) adductor muscle of thigh. (d) adjacent to lateral tuburcle of talus

GA(Laiq Hussain) Page 34

34)How many bones are present in the upper left limb?

(a) 32. (b)31

(c) 62. (d)64

GA(Laiq Hussain) Page 28

35)The exact number of bones in every person is :

(a) 206. (b) 205.

(c) 207. (d) cannot be said due to accesory bones

(e) none of these

GA(Laiq Hussain) Page 29

36)The mandible bone develops by which ossification method ?

(a) membranous. (b)endochondreal

(c) membranocartilaginous. (d) cartilaginous

(e) both b and d

GA(Laiq Hussain) Page 29

37)Sesamoid bones are called so because :

(a) all bones resemble seed of sesame plant. (b) number is not fixed

(c) because of their association with tendon. (d) smallest bones resemble seed of sesame plant

GA(Laiq Hussain)Page 32

38)Supernumerary bones are formed by :

(a) primary centre of ossification. (b) bone chips resulting from injury

(c) secondary centre of ossification (d) all of these

GA(Laiq Hussain) Page 34

39)Some bones develop in other soft tissues of the body. Example of such bones is :

(a) os vesalianum. (b) rider's bone

(c) os trigonum. (d) patella

(d) wormian bones

GA(Laiq Hussain) Page 35

40)The number of which bones is not fixed in body :

(a) irregular bones. (b) sesamoid bones.

(c) accesory bones. (d) flat bones

(e) both b and c

GA(Laiq Hussain) Page 33

41)Which bone violates the rule of ossification?

A) Tibia. GA( laiq Hussain) page43

B) Femur

C)Fibula

D) Radius

E) ulna
42)The shaft of bone is called

A) Epiphysis. GA(Laiq Hussain) page39

B)condyle

C) epicondyle

D) Diaphysis

E)Fissure

43)The articular surface of end of long bone is covered by

A) Fibro cartilage. GA(Laiq Hussain) Page40

B) Hyaline cartilage

C) Elastic cartilage

D)Bony layer

44) Coracoid process of scapula is an example of

A) Pressure Epiphysis. GA(Laiq Hussain)page41

B)Traction Epiphysis

C) Atavistic Epiphysis

D)Aberrant Epiphysis

45)In upper limb,growing ends are

A) upper end of humerus GA(Laiq Hussain page43)

B) Lower end of humerus

C)upper end of radius

D) lower end of ulna

E) both A and D

46)The medullary cavity is surrounded by

A) Endosteum GA(Laiq Hussain Page40)

B) periosteum
C) perichondrium

D) Epimysium

E) perimysium

47)Any part of bone which is arise from secondary centre of ossification

Is known as:. GA(Laiq Hussain page39)

A)Fissure

B)Hamulus

C)Fovea

D) Epiphysis

E) Diaphysis

48)Bone in embryo can form in how many ways?

A)1. B)2. GA(Liaq Hussain Page41)

C)3. D)4

49)The osteoid quickly become mineralized by

Deposition of:. GA (Laiq Hussain Page41)

A) calcium carbonate crystal

B) Calcium phosphate crystal

C) Calcium oxide crystal

D) Calcium nitride crystal

50)In Epiphysis,the spicules of spongy bone are

Covered by. GA(Laiq Hussain Page40)

A)White bone marrow

B)yellow bone marrow

C)red bone marrow

D)Both b and c
51)The Epiphysis that is non articular and don't

Form joint is:. GA(Laiq Hussain Page41)

A)Pressure

B)Traction

C)Aberrant

D) Atavistic

52)The Neutrient foramen of humerus runs in:

A)Dowmward B)upward direction. GA(Laiq Hussain page43)

C) Lateral direction. D)medial direction

53)The periosteum that is covering surface of bone contains

A) Blood vessels. B) lymphatic vessels GA(Laiq Hussain Page40)

C)Nerves. D)All.

54) Diaphysis contain. GA(Laiq Hussain Page40)

A)yellow bone marrow. B)red bone marrow

C)White bone marrow. D)both A and B

55) In fibula, secondary centre of ossification appear during 1st year in

A)Distal end. B)Proximal end. GA(Laiq Hussain page43)

C)Lateral end. D)Medial end

56) The nutritient foramen of fibula directed

A)Upwards B) Downward. GA(Laiq Hussain page43)

C)posterio-lateral. D)Anterio_ventral

57) Types of Epiphysis are. GA(Laiq Hussain Page40)

A)1. B)2. C)3. D)4

58) The mineralization of osteoid occur under the influence of

A)Alkaline phosphatase. B) Alkaline ATPase. GA(Laiq Hussain Page41)

C)Ligase D) DNase

59)Alkaline phosphatase is released by

A)Priosteum. B)Osteoclast. GA(Laiq Hussain Page41)

C)Osteoblast. D)Osteoprogenitor cells

60)A patient comes to doctor & tells him that when he

Lift any weight he feels pain in upper head of humerus

&also faces difficult in movement. The doctor pointed out

that he has defect in:. GA (Laiq Hussain page40)

A) Traction Epiphysis

B) Aberrant Epiphysis

C) Atavistic Epiphysis

D)Pressure Epiphysis

61) Bones have a vascular supply that is ________.

A) very extensive, including many arteries and veins branching throughout the bone
B) very poor; bones are not living, so blood is not needed
C) supplied simply by one artery
D) poor, therefore healing is very limited
E) None of the answers are correct.

62) The vessels supplying blood to the inner (diaphyseal) surface of each epiphyseal plate, where bone
is replacing cartilage, are called ________ vessels.
A) periosteal
B) epiphyseal
C) metaphyseal
D) endochondral
E) endosteal

63) Blood vessels that supply the ends of long bones are called ________ vessels.
A) metaphyseal
B) periosteal
C) epiphyseal
D)endosteal
 64) A prominent ridge on a bone is called a(n) ________.
A) condyle
B) facet
C) meatus
D) crest
E) trochlea

65) A small, flat articular surface is a ________.

trochlea
spine
line
sulcus
facet

66) An extension of a bone that is set at an angle to the rest of the bone is usually called a ________.
sulcus
fossa
ramus
condyle
meatus

67) A smooth, grooved articular process, shaped like a pulley, is a(n) ________.
trochlea
spine
line
crest
trochanter

68) A chamber within a bone, normally filled with air, is a(n) ________.
A) condyle
B) ramus
C) sulcus
D) fissure
E) sinus

69) The expanded articular end of an epiphysis, separated from the shaft by a narrower neck, is a(n) ________.

A) neck
B) head
C) tubercle
D)fossa
 E)fissure

70) An elongated cleft is a(n) ________.

A) foramen
B) fissure
C) meatus
E) canal

71) A ________ is a smooth rounded articular process.

A. spine
B. sulcus
C. ramus
D. condyle
E. meatus

72) Calcium phosphate interacts with ________ to form hydroxyapatite.

A) collagen
B) blood vessels
C) calcium hydroxide
D) nerve fibers
E) potassium carbonate

73) The yellow marrow that fills the medullary cavities of many bones is dominated by ________.
F) adipocytes
G) immature red blood cells
H) stem cells
I) mature red blood cells
J) osteocytes

74) Because they are strong and relatively inflexible, ________ enable bone to withstand the stress of
compression.
K) collagen fibers
L) calcium phosphate crystals
M) reticular fibers
N) osteocytes
O) osteoclasts

75) Because they resist stretch, the ________ fibers provide the tensile strength of bone.
P) calcium phosphate
 Q) hydroxyapatite
R) sodium phosphate
S) collagen
T) calcium hydroxide

76) The walls of bones are composed of ________.

U) spongy bone
V) spicules
W) trabecular bone
X) cancellous bone
Y) compact bone

77) ________ are struts or plates within spongy bone which assist in withstanding stresses in a specific
direction.
F) Lamellae
G) Lacunae
H) Perforating canals
I) Central canals
J) Trabeculae

78) The physical process of bone formation is called ________.

K) disintegration
L) osteogenesis
M) embryogenesis
N) fertilization
O) articulation

79) As a long bone develops, the point where osteoblasts first replace calcified cartilage with spongy
bone becomes the ________, from which further development proceeds.
P) primary ossification center
Q) metaphysis
R) periosteum
S) secondary ossification center
T) epiphyseal line

80) As cartilage enlarges in step 1 of endochondral ossification, ________ near the center of the shaft
increase in size.
U) chondrocytes
V) osteocytes
W) leukocytes
X) osteoclasts
Y) osteoblasts
81)Latin word chondros mean:

A) Cartilage. B) Bone

C) Joints. D) Fissure

82) Functions of cartilage are

A)Shock absorber. B) Mechanical support

C)covering articular surfaces. D)All

83)There are how many types of cartilage

A)1. B)2. C)3. D)4

84)Most abundant cartilage in human body is

A) Hyaline B)Fibro cartilage

C) Elastic cartilage. D) Fibroelastic cartilage

85)Hyaline cartilage has appearence

A) Glossy. B)Rusty

C)Orange. D) yellowish

86) cartilage differ from bone in providing

A)Mechanical support. B) dense network

C) springness. D) scaffold

87) cartilage gets nutritient by

A)Active transport. B) Passive transport

C) Diffusion. D) Facilitated diffusion

88) which one is not characteristic of cartilage

A) Avascular. B) mineralized

C) Springness. C)shock absorber

89) Hyaline cartilage form major part of skeleton in

A) Embryo. B) Fetus. C) Neonate. D)Child

90)In a growing person,______ cartilage of long bone ccontain

Hyaline cartilage

A) Epiphyseal. B) Diaphyseal.

C) condyle. D) Epicondyler

91)Hyaline cartilageis not present in

A ) Larynx. B) Trachea

C) Bronchi. D) epiglottis

92) which of following present in interior surface

Of external nose

A) Hyaline cartilage. B). Fibro cartilage

C) Elastic cartilage. D) Bone

93) which of following is resilient and pliable

A) Hyaline cartilage. B) Fibro cartilage

C) Elastic cartilage. D) bone

94) Fibro cartilage is present in

A) Larynx. B) Trachea

C) Bronchi. C) intervertebral disc

95)Labrum glenoidale and labrum acetabulum contains

A) Fibro cartilage. B) Hyaline cartilage

C) Elastic cartilage. D) Spongy bone

96) External pinaa of ear contain

A) elastic cartilage. B) Hyaline cartilage

C) Fibro cartilage. D) Condyle

97) Elastic cartilage is present in

A) Epiglottis. B) Larynx

C) Trachea. D) Bronchi

98) structures that undergo functional distortion contains

A) Fibro cartilage. B) Hyaline cartilage

C) Epicondyle. D) Elastic cartilage

99) Cartilages areade up of

A) Osteoclast. B) Osteoprogenitor cells

C) Chondrocytes. D) osteocytes

100) Fibro cartilage is present in _______ of knee joint

A) Labra. B) Articular disc

C) Miniscus. D) None

BY:
 AALIYAN ZULFIQAR
 ASHAR
 ANAS
 HANNAN AHMAD
 ABDUL AHAD

FROM BATCH ‘C’