PSYCHIATRIC NURSING PRELIMS

LECTURE 01

[TRANS] TOPIC: CONCEPT OF MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL ILLNESSES

MENTAL HEALTH GLOBAL STATE OF MENTAL HEALTH AND

Is a positive state in which one is responsible, MENTAL ILLNESS
displays self-awareness, is self-directive, is reasonably World Health Organization (WHO)
worry-free, and can cope with usual daily tensions. ➔ mental and behavioral disorders account for
about 14% of the global burden of disease
CHARACTERISTIC OF MENTAL HEALTH ➔ 450 million people suffer from these illnesses
● Accepts self and others
● Is able to cope with stress PHILIPPINES
● Is able to form close and lasting relationship ➔ 3.6 million Filipinos suffer from one kind of
● Uses sound judgement to make decisions mental, neurological, and substance use
● Accepts responsibility for actions disorder.
● Is optimistic ➔ Mental illness is the third most common
● Recognizes limitations disability in the Philippines
● Can function effectively and independently ➔ Around 6 million Filipinos are estimated to live
● Is able to distinguish imagines circumstances with depression and/or anxiety
● Is able to develop potential and talents to ➔ The country spends about 5% of the total
fullest extent health budget on mental health
● Is able to solve problems. ➔ The new social insurance scheme covers
● Can delay gratifications mental disorders
➔ More than fifty percent of psychiatrists work in
FACTORS INFLUENCING MENTAL HEALTH for-profit mental health facilities and private
● Inherited Characteristics practice
● Nurturing During Childhood
● Life Circumstances MENTAL HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM IN
THE PHILIPPINES
MENTAL ILLNESS ● Mental health outpatient facilities
➔ Also called mental health disorders, refers to a ● Day-treatment facilities
wide range of mental health conditions ● Community-based psychiatric inpatient units
➔ Characterized by psychologic or behavioral ● Community residential facilities
manifestations and impairment in functioning. ● Mental hospitals
➔ Examples of mental illness include depression, ● Forensic and other residential facilities
anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating
disorders, and addictive behaviors. MENTAL HEALTH GAP ACTION PROGRAMME
(mhGAP)
CHARACTERISTICS OF MENTAL ILLNESS ➔ aims at scaling up services for mental,
● Feels inadequate neurological and substance use disorders for
● Has poor self-concept countries especially with low- and
● Is unable to cope exhibit maladaptive behavior middle-income.
● Is unable to establish meaningful relationship
● Displace full judgment PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR
● Is irresponsible or unable to accept NEUROSCIENCE: Biology and Behavior
responsibility for action
● Is pessimistic NEURO-ANATOMY AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
● Does not recognize limitations
● Exhibit dependency needs inadequacy Neurons
● Is unable to perceive reality
➔ Neurons (also called nerve cells) are the
fundamental units of the brain and nervous
system.
➔ Information messengers
 ➔ A specialized cell designed to transmit
● the interpreter of between the
information to other nerve cells, muscle, or
our external body and the
gland cells.
environment brain.
● the origin of ● When the spinal
control over body cord is injured,
movement the exchange of
information
between the
brain and other
parts of the body
is disrupted

Memory
➔ is the ability to take in information, store it, and
recall it at a later time.

3 STAGES OF MEMORY PROCESS

Neurotransmitters 1. E-ncoding
➔ is a chemical messenger that carries, boosts, 2. S-torage
and balances signals between neurons 3. R-etrieval
➔ target cells throughout the body. These target
cells may be in glands, muscles, or other Memory Encoding
neurons.
➔ the process of receiving, processing, and
combining information.
Neurotransmission

THREE WAYS
● Visual (picture)
● Acoustic (sound)
● Semantic (meaning)

Memory Storage
➔ the creation of a permanent record of the
encoded information.
➔ is the second memory stage or process in
which we maintain information over periods of
time.

Central Nervous System Memory Retrieval

➔ controls most functions of the body and mind. ➔ the calling back of stored information in
➔ It controls all voluntary movements, such as response to some cue for use in a process or
speech and walking, and involuntary activity.
movements, such as blinking and breathing. It
is also the core of our thoughts, perceptions,
and emotions.

TWO PARTS OF CNS

Brain Spinal Cord

● is the center of ● is the highway for
our thoughts communication

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 Types of Memory ➔ is an opposition or a tug-of-war between
contradictory impulses.

TYPES OF CONFLICT
1. Intrapersonal Conflicts
2. Interpersonal Conflicts
3. Unconscious Conflicts

ANXIETY

➔ A vague feeling of dread or apprehension.

4 LEVELS OF ANXIETY

1. Mild
Repetition
2. Moderate
➔ the action of repeating something that has 3. Severe
already been said or written. 4. Panic
➔ works well because it helps your brain solidify
connections that are used to recall memories
STRUCTURES OF PERSONALITY
Family Dynamics
Personality
➔ are the patterns of relating, or interactions,
between family members. ● the combination of characteristics or qualities
➔ Family dynamics often have a strong influence that form an individual's distinctive character
on the way young people see themselves, ● “THE TOTALITY OF AN INDIVIDUAL”
others, and the world, and influence their
relationships, behaviors, and their wellbeing. Sigmund Freud’s Personality Theory
➔ human personality is complex and has more
Need than a single component.
➔ states that personality is composed of three
➔ is a psychological feature that arouses an elements
organism to action toward a goal, giving
purpose and direction to behavior
Structures of Personality

ID ● PLEASURE PRINCIPLE
● Primitive and instinctive
Instincts component
● Impulsive
● Contains all the urges and
impulses
● Unconscious
● Stubborn
● Since birth

EGO ● REALITY PRINCIPLE

Frustrations ● Act as a BALANCE
➔ is a common emotional response to Reality ● Decision-making component
of personality
opposition, related to anger, annoyance, and
● Aware
disappointment. ● Conscious
➔ arises from the perceived resistance to the ● Anal stage
fulfillment of an individual's will or goal
SUPEREGO ● MORAL PRINCIPLE
Conflict ● Incorporates values and
Morality morals
➔ the arousal of two or more strong motives that ● Ideal self
cannot be solved together.

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 ● Parental values and
upbringings
● Phallic stage

BALANCE
– Ego

UNBALANCED
– Conflict
– Anxiety
– Defense Mechanism

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