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Workshop Practice II

Electricity is the presence and flow of electric charge. It is generated through various processes and can be in the form of alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC). Fundamental components of electric circuits include voltage, current, and resistance. Circuits can be connected in series or parallel. Common instruments used to measure aspects of electricity include voltmeters, ammeters, ohmmeters, power meters, energy meters, and watt meters. Transformers are used to change voltage levels between circuits for transmission and distribution of power. Other devices like isolators and electric poles are also important components of power systems.

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Surendra Ghalan
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111 views

Workshop Practice II

Electricity is the presence and flow of electric charge. It is generated through various processes and can be in the form of alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC). Fundamental components of electric circuits include voltage, current, and resistance. Circuits can be connected in series or parallel. Common instruments used to measure aspects of electricity include voltmeters, ammeters, ohmmeters, power meters, energy meters, and watt meters. Transformers are used to change voltage levels between circuits for transmission and distribution of power. Other devices like isolators and electric poles are also important components of power systems.

Uploaded by

Surendra Ghalan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit-1

Introduction of Electricity

Electricity: The presence and flow of electric charge matter is called


electricity. It is a natural phoneme that occurs throughout natural
and takes many different from using electricity we can transfers
energy in way that allow do some word.

Electricity Generation: Electricity Generation is the process of


generation electric power from scours of primary energy.

Current: Current is the rate of which electron flow passed a point in


complete electrical unit from measuring current. Current of one
ampere means that one coulomb of electron 6.24×1013 electron is
flowing past a single point in a circuit.

AC (Alternating current):- The current charges its direction at a


regular interval of time. The charges flows either by rotating of coil
in a magnetic field or by rotating magnetic field with in a stationary
coil. The frequency of AC is 50 to 60 Hz. The AC is generating by
alternation. The AC is used in industry, factory and for the house
hold purpose.

DC (Direct current):- Direct current unidirectional or flows only in


one direction. The charge flows by keeping the constant magnetism
along the wire. The DC is generating by the generator, battery or
cells. The DC current is mainly used in electronic equipment,
electroplating, electrolyse.
Unit-2

Fundamental of An Electric Circuits

Voltage (V): Voltage is the pressure from an electrical circuits


power show that fuse charge electron through a conducting look,
enabling than to do works such as illuminating light. It is measured
in volt.

Resistance (R) : Resistance is the hindrance to the flow electrons in


material. The SI unit or resistance is represented by Greek symbols
(Ω).

Current : Current is the rate at which electron flows past a point in a


complete electrical circuit. An ampere means that one coulomb of
electron 6.24×1013 electrons is flowing past a single point in a circuit.

Relation between Voltage, Current and Resistance: The


relationship between Voltage, Current and Resistance is described
V
by Ohm’s law. The equation is give by I= R , When I=Current,
V=voltage and R= Resistance it means the Current………………
through a circuit is directly proportional to the resistance in other
word if we increase the voltage, then the current will increase but if
we increase the resistance than the current will decrease.

Conductor: Material that allows electric charge or electricity to pass


easily through a circuit is known as Conductor. It allows the
electrons to pass from one atom to another for example Iron, diode,
silver, copper etc.
Types of conductor
*Based on Ohm’s response of material.
Ohmic conductor- The conductor flow the Ohm’s law is called
Ohmic conductor for example copper, aluminium etc.

Non-Ohmic conductor- The conductor dose not flow the Ohm’s law
is called Non-Ohmic conductor. For example diode, filament of the
blub etc.
Based on nature of materials-Whether the materials of
conductor is solid or liquid nature it is divided into two types,

Solid Conductor-: Gold, Aluminium, etc.

Liquid Conductor-: Saline water, mercury etc.

Types of Circuit
Series Circuit
Parallel Circuit

Circuit :- Circuit or electrical circuit is a close loop path giving a


return path for the current. It can be defend as conducting path in
which current flow.
Series Circuit :- In this circuit, all the electrical element (voltage or
current source inductor. Capacitor, resistor etc.) are connected in
series. There is only one path for traveling electricity and no other
branches consist in this circuit. In this circuit. I= I 1
= I 2= I 3
R= R1= R2= R3
V=V 1=V 2=V 3
Parallel circuit :- In this circuit, all the electrical element (voltage or current
source, conductor, capacitor or resistor etc.) are connected in series, there is
many path for traveling electricity and minimum branches in this circuit are
two. In this circuit:
I= I 1+ I 2+ I 3
V=V 1+V 2+V 3
Voltmeter:- Voltmeter is an instrument used for measuring electric
potential difference between two point in an electric circuit. It
usually has a high resistance so that it takes negligible current form
the circuit.

Ampere meter:- An ampere meter or ammeter is a measuring


instrument used to measure the current in the circuit. It is usually
connected in series circuit in which current is with to be measured.
It usually has low resistance so that it does not cause a significant
voltage in circuit being measured.

Ohm meter:- An ohm meter is an electrical instrument that


measure electrical resistance. It can be either connected in series or
parallel based on requirement. Millimetres also function as ohm
meter when in resistance measuring more.

Power meter:- A power meter is one of the most useful and simple
instrument to measure electrical power when no deep analysis of
the measure data is required. It measures the voltage and current
and derives from these the most important power result. The
perfect for technician and engineers performing simple takes like
stand by power measurement. The most important features are test,
Accurate and easy power measurement as well as simple operation
on an instrument.
Energy meter:- The meter which is used for measuring the energy
utilized by the electric load is known as energy meter. The energy is
total power consumed and utilize by the load at a particular interval
of time. It is used in domestic and industrial AC circuit for measuring
the power consumption. The meter is less expensive and accurate.

Watt meter:- The watt meter is an instrument for measuring the


electric power in watts of any given circuit.
Unit-3
Electrical Energy

Transformer
Transformer is defining as a static device that changes the level of
voltage between circuits. It is basically a voltage control device that
is used widely in the distribution and transmission of alternating
current power.

Function of a transformer
The function of the transformer is to transform alternating current
energy from one voltage to another voltage.

Application of transformer
In electric power engineering the transformer make it possible to
convert electric power from a generated voltage of 11KV to higher
values 132KV, 220KV, 400KV, 500KV and 765KV.
At distribution point transformer are used to reduce these high
voltage to a safe level of 400/300 V for use in home, office etc.
It is also used in telephone circuit instruction circuit and control
circuit.

Isolator
-Isolator is a piece of equipment or an arrangement used in devices
and power system to isolate two circuit or load from the power
supply.
-The main function of electric isolator is to isolate two different
circuit from each other or to isolate a part of the circuit from a
power supply.
-Generally electrical isolator mainly indicates a mechanical switch
and they one also design consideration is its contact should be open
to visible.

Electric pole:It is a structure or column used to support the


overhead transmission line, electric cables , telecommunication
cables, equipment such as transformer, stride light etc.
Application of electric pole
Wooden Electric pole:
Used for Voltage⇨230V, 440V
Application Area⇨ Rural area

PCC Electric pole


Used for Voltage⇨230V, 440V
Application Area⇨ Rural area, Village ,lands

RCC Electric pole


Used for Voltage⇨230V, 440,11KV
Application Area⇨ Village, Suburban Area, Land

Rail Electric pole


Used for Voltage⇨11KV, 33KV
Application Area⇨ Railway power transmission

Steel pole
Used for Voltage⇨440V,11KV,33KV,66KV
Application Area⇨ Cities, Urban area, Near highway roads.

Lattice Steel structure or steel tower


Used for Voltage⇨33KV, 66KV, 132KV
Application Area⇨ Electrical power transmission system through
overhead line.

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