U.V.

Patel College of Engineering

Probability - Important Formulas

1. Experiment:
An operation which can produce some well-defined outcomes is called an experiment.

2. Random Experiment:
An experiment in which all possible outcomes are known and the exact output cannot be predicted in
advance, is called a random experiment.

Examples:

i. Rolling an unbiased dice.

Details:
v. When we throw a coin, then either a Head (H) or a Tail (T) appears.
vi. A dice is a solid cube, having 6 faces, marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 respectively. When we throw a
die, the outcome is the number that appears on its upper face.
vii. A pack of cards has 52 cards.

It has 13 cards of each suit, name Spades, Clubs, Hearts and Diamonds.
Cards of spades and clubs are black cards.
Cards of hearts and diamonds are red cards.
There are 4 honours of each unit.
There are Kings, Queens and Jacks. These are all called face cards.

3. Sample Space:
When we perform an experiment, then the set S of all possible outcomes is called the sample space.
Examples:
1. In tossing a coin, S = {H, T}
2. If two coins are tossed, the S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}.
3. In rolling a dice, we have, S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.

4. Event:
Any subset of a sample space is called an event.

5. Probability of Occurrence of an Event:

6. Results on Probability:
(i) P(S) = 1
(ii) 0 P (E) 1
(iii) P( ) = 0
(iv) For any events A and B we have : P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A B)
(v) If A denotes (not-A), then P (A) = 1 - P (A).
 Tutorial 3

1. Tickets numbered 1 to 20 are mixed up and then a ticket is drawn at random. What is the probability that
the ticket drawn has a number which is a multiple of 3 or 5?
1 2 8 9 1.D
A. B. C. D.
D.
2 5 15 20
2. A bag contains 2 red, 3 green and 2 blue balls. Two balls are drawn at random. What is the probability
that none of the balls drawn is blue?
10 2. A 11 2 5
A. B. C. D.
21 21 7 7
3. In a box, there are 8 red, 7 blue and 6 green balls. One ball is picked up randomly. What is the probability
that it is neither red nor green?
1 3 7 8
A. 3. A B. C. D.
3 4 19 21
4. What is the probability of getting a sum 9 from two throws of a dice?

1 1 1 1
A. B. C. 4. c D.
6 8 9 12

5. Three unbiased coins are tossed. What is the probability of getting at most two heads?

3 1 3 7
A. B. C. D. 5. D
4 4 8 8
6. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. What is the probability of getting two numbers whose product is
even?
1 3 3 5
A. B. 6. B C. D.
2 4 8 16
7. In a class, there are 15 boys and 10 girls. Three students are selected at random. The probability that 1 girl
and 2 boys are selected, is:
21 7.A 25 1 3
A. B. C. D.
46 117 50 25
8. In a lottery, there are 10 prizes and 25 blanks. A lottery is drawn at random. What is the probability of
getting a prize?
1 2 2 5
A. B. C. 8.C D.
10 5 7 7

9. From a pack of 52 cards, two cards are drawn together at random. What is the probability of both the cards
being kings?
1 25 35 1
A. B. C. D. 9.D
15 57 256 221
10. Two dice are tossed. The probability that the total score is a prime number is:

1 5 10.B 1 7
A. B. C. D.
6 12 2 9

11. A card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. The probability of getting a queen of club or a king of heart is:

1 2 1 1
A. B. C. D.
13 11.C 13 26 52
12. A bag contains 4 white, 5 red and 6 blue balls. Three balls are drawn at random from the bag. The
probability that all of them are red, is:
1 3 2 2
A. B. C. 12.C D.
22 22 91 77

13. Two cards are drawn together from a pack of 52 cards. The probability that one is a spade and one is a
heart, is:
3 29 47 13 13.D
A. B. C. D.
20 34 100 102

14. One card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. What is the probability that the card drawn is a
face card (Jack, Queen and King only)?
1 3 1 9
A. B. 14.B C. D.
13 13 4 52
15. One card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. What is the probability that the card drawn is a
face card (Jack, Queen and King only)?
3 4 1 3
A. B. C. D.
4 7 8 7
16. An urn contains 6 red, 5 blue and 2 green marbles. If 2 marbles are picked at random, what
is the probability that both are red?

6 5 16.B 5 7
A. B. C. D.
13 26 13 26
17. Four dice are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability that all of them show the same
face.

1 1 4 3
A. 17.A B. C. D.
216 36 216 216
18. Four dice are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability that all of them show the same face
What is the probability that a number selected from numbers 1,2,3,...,30, is prime number,
when each of the given numbers is equally likely to be selected?.

9 8 10 11
A. B. C. D.
30 30 30 30
19. A five-digit number is formed by using digits 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 without repetition. What is the
probability that the number is divisible by 4?

1 19.A 5 4 9
A. B. C. D.
5 6 5 30

20. A speaks truth in 75% of cases and BB in 80% of cases. In what percent of cases are they likely
to contradict each other in narrating the same event?
20.A
A. 35% B. 5% C. 45% D. 25%

21. The odds against an event are 5:3 and the odds in favour of another independent event are
7:5. Find the probability that at least one of the two events will occur.
52 69 71 13
A. B. C. 21. C D.
96 96 96 96
22. You toss a coin AND roll a die. What is the probability of getting a tail and a 4 on the die?

1 1 1 1 22.D
A. B. C. D.
2 6 8 12

23. If x is chosen at random from the set {1,2,3,4} and y is to be chosen at random from the set
{5,6,7}, what is the probability that xy will be even?
5 1 1 2
A. B. C. D.
6 6 3 3 23.D

24. In a race, the odd favour of cars P,Q,R,S are 1:3,1:4,1:5 and 1:6 respectively. Find the
probability that one of them wins the race.
9 114 319 24.C 27
A. B. C. D.
17 121 420 111

25. Out of 17 applicants 8 boys and 9 girls. Two persons are to be selected for the job. Find the
probability that at least one of the selected persons will be a girl.
27 25 19 21
A. B. C. D.
34 34 25.B 34 34