STANDARD HIGH SCHOOL ZZANA

S.5& S.6 PHYSICS II GUIDE QUESTIONS FIRST EDITION 2020

SECTION A ONLY
1. (a) (i) Define the term power of a lens.
(ii) A finite object placed in front of a convex lens of focal length f metres,
produces a real image of magnification m1. The lens is then displaced from the
object by a distance, d and the image of linear magnification m2 is obtained.
Show that the power P, of the lens is given by;

(b) (i) Distinguish between the principal focus and centre of curvature of a convex
mirror.
(ii) A car at a distance of 60 m away from a vertical convex mirror of focal length
15 cm, is driven towards the mirror at a speed of 30 ms – 1 . Find the speed of
the car’s image in the mirror.
(c) (i) What is chromatic aberration?
(ii) Explain how chromatic aberration is minimized in a photographic Camera.
(d) Describe an experiment to determine the refractive index of water using a plane
mirror and an equi-convex lens of known radii of curvature
2. (a) (i) Define the term focal length of a lens.
(ii) Using a concave lens, derive the formula relating the object distance, u , the
image distance, v and the focal length, f, of the lens.
(b) (i) What is meant by the term visual angle?
(ii) Explain why the front wagons of a train appear to an observer standing in front
of the train, to be larger than the rear wagons.
(c) (i) Define the term exit pupil of an optical instrument and explain its Significance
to an observer using the instrument.
(ii) State two advantages of a Galilean telescope over astronomical telescope.
(d) An astronomical telescope having an objective of diameter 15.0 cm and focal length
100 cm and an eyepiece of focal length 5.0 cm is used in normal adjustment. Find
the:-
(i) position of the eye-ring.
(ii) diameter of the eye-ring.

3. a) Define the focal length of a concave mirror.

b) Suppose a concave mirror forms an image of a real object placed at difference U
from it at a distance V. draw a ray diagrams to represent the path taken by light rays
when the image formed is.
(i) Real
(ii) virtual
c) A concave mirror with a radius of curvature of 40cm forms an image of a real object,
which has been placed 25cm from the mirror.
 (i) What is the focal length of the mirror
(ii) Calculate the distance of the image from the mirror and state whether it is real or
virtual
d) Describe how a sextant is used to measure the angle of elevation of a star.
e) Explain with the aid of a diagram why a thick plane mirror forms multiple images.

4. a) (i) State the conditions for minimum deviation, D to occur in a glass prism of
retracting angle, A and a refractive index, n,
(ii) Show that the refractive index of the material of the prism in (i) above is given by

b) The refractive index of diamond with respect to air is 2.42. Calculate the critical angle
for diamond air boundary
c) A compound microscope consists of two thin converging lenses. The focal length of
the objective lens is 1.0cm and that of eye piece lens is 2.0cm. If an object is placed
1.1cm from objective lens, the instrument produced an image at infinity.
(i) Draw a ray diagram showing the instrument in the arrangement
(ii) Calculate the separation of the lenses
(iii) Derive the expression of magnifying power of the instrument
(iv) Calculate its magnifying power

5. (a) Define
(i) focal plane

(ii) aperture of a lens

(b)Describe how the focal length of a convex lens may be determined by a method
involving graphical analysis

(c) A concave lens of focal length 18cm is arranged coaxially with a convex lens of focal
length 24cm, placed 4cm apart. An object is placed 30cm in front of the concave
lens on the side remote from the convex lens.

(i) Find the position of the final image

(ii) Using a point object draw a ray diagram to show the image formation

(d) (i) Explain why a parabolic mirror is used in search lights instead of a concave mirror

(ii) Explain two advantages of reflecting telescopes over refracting ones

6. (a) Describe how the refractive index of a material of a prism may be determined using a
spectrometer.

(b) Define angular magnification of an optical instrument and eye ring

 (c) (i) Draw a ray diagram to show a Galilean telescope with the final image at the near

point.

(ii) Derive the angular magnification of the telescope in this setting

(d) An astronomical telescope has an objective of focal length 120cm and an eye piece
of focal length 8cm. If the telescope forms the final image 300cm from the eye piece,
find the

(i) Separation of the lenses

(ii) Angular magnification

7. (a) What is refraction of light?

(b)

Figure 1 above shows a ray of light from air incident on a parallel sided glass block of
thickness t at M, at an angle, I, and is refracted through angle, r, to pass through N,
(i) List three factors that determine the lateral displacement, x.
(ii) Show that = tan i – tan r.
(c)

Figure 2, shows a ray of monochromatic light from glass, passing through liquid Y,
and emerging into air. If the refractive index of Y is 1·2, and the ray emerges as
shown, find
(i) The refractive index of the glass.
(ii) The deviation due to refraction at the glass-liquid interface.
(d) Describe how the refractive index of a material of glass prism of known refracting
angle can be obtained using a spectrometer.
(e) A piece of stone at the bottom of a water- tank viewed from directly above the water
appears displaced by 0·2m. If the refractive index of water is 1·33, find the depth of
water in the tank.
8. (a) (i) Draw a ray diagram to show how a convex mirror forms an image of a real object.
(ii) Describe how you could determine the focal length of a convex mirror using a
convex lens.
(b) An object is placed at a distance, d, on one side of the principle focus, F, of a convex
lens of focal length f. The image is formed at some point C. Show that when the
object is displaced to a point distance, d, on the opposite side of, F, the image gets
displaced by distance .
(c) The objective and eye piece of an astronomical telescope have focal lengths of 95cm
and 5cm respectively. Find the:
(i) Separation of the two lenses when the final image is formed at 150cm from the
eye Piece.
(ii) Position of the eye ring.
(d) (i) What is the significance of the eye ring of an astronomical telescope?
(ii) State two advantages of a reflecting telescope over a refracting telescope.

9. (a) (i) State the laws of reflection of light.

(ii) Considering a convex mirror, show that; where u, v and f are object
distance, image distance and focal length of the mirror.
(b) A converging lens is fixed inside a tube and cannot be accessed. Describe an
experiment to measure its focal length.
(c) (i) Define conjugate points in relation to a lens.
(ii) A converging lens is placed 10.5m in front of a screen which is 2.5cm2. If the
slide used in order that the pictures fill the whole screen has an area of 8cm2;
Calculate the focal length of the lens.
10. (a)(i) Name at least four examples when total internal reflection occurs.
(ii) Explain in detail the occurrence of one of the examples in (i) above.
(b)(i) Describe an experiment to measure refractive index of a liquid using an air
cell.

Fig.1
In figure 1, a parallel sided glass slide is in contact with a liquid on one side and air
on the other side. A ray of light incident on the glass slide from the liquid emerges in
air along the glass-air interface. Derive an expression for the absolute refractive
 index, , of the liquid in terms of the absolute refractive index, , of glass and the
angle of incidence, .
(c) (i) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of an image of a distant object in a
terrestrial telescope in normal adjustment.
(ii) State two disadvantage of the terrestrial telescope.
11. (a) State the laws of reflection of light
(b) (i) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image of a finite object by a
diverging mirror.
(ii) Use the diagram drawn in b (i) above to derive the expression of the mirror
formula.
(c) Describe an experiment to determine the focal length of a diverging mirror by a
converging lens.
(d) An object is placed 15.0 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 10.0 cm, by
what distance should the object be shift in order to obtain;
(i) a real image a half the size of the object.
(ii) a virtual image twice the size of the object.

12. (a) Distinguish between Principal foci and Conjugate foci of a lens.
(b) Explain why two poles of different height appears to be the same height to an
observer.
(c) (i) Describe an experiment to determine the focal length of a lens by displacement of
the lens method
(ii) State two advantages of the method in c (i) above.
(d) (i)With the aid of diagram derive the expression for angular magnification of the
Galilean Telescope.
(ii) A Galilean telescope is used to focus a distant object with the eye piece placed
50cm from the objective lens. The focal lengths of the objective and the eye piece
are 100cm and 10 cm respectively. Find the distance from the objective lens where
the final image will be formed.
(iii) State the Problem of the arrangement of the lenses in this telescope.

13. (a) (i) State the laws of refraction

(ii) What is meant by the term critical angle?

(b) Describe giving the relevant equations, how the refractive index of the liquid can be
determined by using a convex lens of known radius of curvature
(c) A child is 1.4m tall and her eyes are 10cm below the top of her head. She wishes to

see the whole length of her body in vertical plane mirror whilst herself is standing
vertically.
 (i).What is the minimum length of the mirror that can make this possible?

(ii). How far above the ground is the top of the mirror?

(d) (i). Define magnifying power of an optical telescope

(ii). Describe the structure and mode of action of an astronomical telescope. Derive
the expression for its magnifying power when used so that the final image is at infinity.

14. (a) (i) Define reflection

(ii). When a plane mirror is turned through an angle , the reflected ray turns through
an angle . Derive the relationship between and

(b) Describe an experiment to determine the focal length of a diverging mirror using a
plane mirror.

(c) (i). Derive an expression for the combined focal length, F, of a thin convex lens of
focal length f1, in contact with a thin concave lens of focal length f2.

(ii). A thin equi-convex lens made of glass of refractive index 1.5 is placed on a
horizontal plane mirror. A thin pin fixed 15cm above the lens is found to coincide in
position with its own image. When the space between the plane mirror and the equi-
convex lens is now filled with a liquid; the point of coincidence of the pin and its
image is found to be 27cm. Find the refractive index of the liquid.

(d) Explain why two different objects O1 and O2 of different heights h1 and h2 would
always appear to be of the same height
 SECTION B ONLY
1. (a) (i) Distinguish between free and damped oscillations.
(ii) Give one example of each oscillation in (i).
(b) (i) Define the term resonance.
(ii) Describe the graphical method of measurement of the velocity of sound in air
using a resonance tube.
(c) (i) State the laws of vibration of a stringed instrument.
(ii) Explain how standing waves are formed in a stringed instrument.
(d) A sonometer wire of diameter 1.5 mm and length 0.500 m, made of a material of
density 7800 kg m – 3 is plucked at its mid-point to set it into vibration at its
fundamental frequency and resonate with a vibrating tuning fork of frequency 516
Hz. Find the tension in the wire.

2. (a) (i) What is plane polarized light?

(ii) Describe one application of plane polarized light.
(b) (i) Define the terms Doppler effect, and beats.
(ii) A pedestrian moving along a straight road towards a vertical wall is followed by
a police car moving at 108 km h – 1 sounding its siren at frequency 500HZ. The
pedestrian hears beats at a rate of 6.0 s – 1 . Find the speed of the pedestrian.
(c) (i) Define the term interference of waves.
(ii) State the conditions necessary for observation of interference patterns in
young’s double slit experiment.
(d) (i) Explain the term lens blooming.
(i) Give one use of bloomed lenses.

3. a) Explain the terms wavelength and wave front, as applied to the motion at wave.
b) (i) Define the term resonance
(ii) Describe how velocity of sound in air is determined using a resonance tube
c) Using suitable diagrams derive the expressions for the first three overtones of a
vibrating wire fixed at both ends in terms of the fundamental frequency of the
fundamental note.
d) A steel wire hangs vertically from a fixed point, supporting a weight of 160N at its
lower end. The length of the wire from the fixed point to the weight is 3.0m. Given
that the density of the steel is 7800kgm-3 and the diameter of the steel wire 1.0mm,
calculate the fundamental frequency emitted by the wire when it is plucked.

4. a) State Huygens’s principle

b) Use Huygens’s principle to derive the relation between critical angle and refractive
indices of two media in contact.
c) Explain the formation of beats and derive the expression for the beat frequency.
d) A turning fork of frequency 256HZ is used to tune the sonometer wire of length
0.85m. The vibrating length of the wire is then shortened to 0.80m
 (i) What would be the new length of the string when plucked?
(ii) What would be the beat frequency heard when the turning fork and the shortened
wire are sounded together.
e) Explain why the sky appears blue on a clear day.

5. (a) State the principle of superposition of waves

(b)

Figure1 shows a loudspeaker which produces a note of constant frequency. When a

microphone connected to a C.R.O is moved from A to B, the length of the vertical
trace on the C.R.O continually changes between maximum and minimum at equal
distance

(i)Explain the above observation.

(ii)Describe how you would use the above experiment to determine the velocity of
sound in air

(c) What is meant by: (i) fundamental frequency and

(ii) beats

(d) Two open organ pipes of length 50cm and 51cm give beats of frequency 6.0Hz when
sounding their fundamental notes together

(i)Neglecting end corrections, find the velocity of sound in air at that time.

(ii)If the above experiment was carried out in a room at 0⁰C, find the velocity of sound
at 27⁰C.

(e) (i)Distinguish between mechanical and electromagnetic waves

(ii)Explain the factors that determine the velocity of sound in air

6. (a) (i) What is meant by interference and diffraction of light waves

(ii)State the condition necessary for formation of observable diffraction.

(b) With a given diffraction grating used at normal incidence, a yellow line of wavelength
λ=6.0×10-7m in one spectrum coincides with a blue line of 4.8×10-7m in the next
order spectrum .If the angle of diffraction for these two lines is 30⁰, calculate the
spacing between the grating lines.
 (c) (i) Describe how interference is formed in an air wedge.

(ii) Explain the change in fringe pattern which occurs if the air in the wedge is
replaced by transparent oil.

(iii) Give two applications of interference of light.

(d) The refractive index for light passing from air to medium X is 1.4. The speed of light in
air is 3.0×10⁸ms-1.Calculate the:

(i) Speed of light in medium X

(ii) Wavelength of light of frequency 5.7×1014Hz in medium X.

7. (a) (i) What is meant by the terms free and damped oscillations?
(ii) Describe how a forced oscillation can build up into large energy oscillation.
(b) (i) Describe how you can determine the velocity of sound in air using a glass tube and
a single turning fork.
(ii)From the experimental values in b (i) above deduce the expression for the end
correction of the glass tube.
(c) (i) What is meant by beats?
(ii) Calculate the frequency of beats heard by a stationary observer when a source of
sound of frequency 69Hz is receding with a speed of 7· towards a vertical wall.
(iii) State two uses of beats.

8. (a) (i) State the conditions necessary for formation of observable interference due to two
waves.
(ii) Explain why an oil film on a water surface appears to be coloured.
(b) In young’s double slit experiment, the apparatus are set up to produce interference
fringes on the screen. Explain how the following adjustments improve the accuracy of
measurement of fringe widths.
(i) Moving the source slit closer to the secondary slits.
(ii) Moving the screen further away from the secondary slits.
(iii) Replacing double coloured light with monochromatic light.
(c) Two glass slides in contact at one end are separated by a sheet of paper 15cm from
the line of contact to form an air wedge. When the air wedge is illuminated normally
by light of wave length 5 x m, interference fringes of separation 1·6mm are
found in reflection. Find the thickness of the paper.
(d) State two uses of interference.

9. (a) (i) Define wave front, and phase difference in relation to waves.

(ii) Draw a sketch diagram showing reflection of a circular wave by a plane reflector.

(b) Distinguish between progressive and stationary waves.

 (c) The displacement in metres of a plane wave is given by the equation
* ( )+
Find;-

i. Wave length.
ii. Speed of the wave.

(d) (i) Describe an experiment to determine the velocity of sound in air using the
resonance method.
(ii) A tube 1m long closed at one end has its lowest resonance frequency at
86.2Hz.With a tube of identical dimensions but open at both ends, the first
resonance occurs at 171Hz. Calculate the speed of sound and end correction.

10. (a) Distinguish between constructive and destructive interference.

(b) (i)Explain how interference fringes are formed in an air-wedge film between two glass
slides when monochromatic light is used.
(ii)Describe the appearance of the fringes when white light is used.
(c) Two glass slides in contact at one end are separated by a sheet of paper 15cm from
the line of contact to form an air wedge. When the air-wedge is illuminated normally
by light of wavelength 6.0 x 10-7m, interference fringes of separation 1.8mm are
found in reflection. Find the thickness of the paper.
(d) (i) Describe with the aid of a labeled diagram, one method of producing plane
polarized light.
(ii) State two uses of polarized light.

11. (a) State two differences of electromagnetic waves and Mechanical waves and give one
example of each.
(b) (i) Define the term Doppler effect.
(ii) An observer is moving in a straight line between two identical stationary sources of
sound, from one source towards the other, each emitting sound of frequency
500Hz, hears beats at a rate of 4.0 s – 1 . If the velocity of sound in air at the time
of observation is 340 ms – 1 . Derive the expression for the velocity of the observer
and hence determine the velocity of the observer.
(c) Describe an experiment to determine the speed of sound in air by the dust tube
method.
(d) (i) Define the term resonance and state two applications of resonance .
(ii) In the dust tube experiment, the vibrating air due to a nearby loud speaker causes
7 consecutive heaps of powder to occupy a total distance of 0.60 m when the air in
the tube is set into resonance at a frequency f. Determine the value of the frequency
f.

12. (a) (i) State Huygens’ principle.

 (ii)Use Huygens’ principle to show that when light waves travel from a medium of
lower optical density of absolute refractive index n1 to that of higher optical density of
refractive index n2, the ratio of the velocities of light in the media is inversely
proportional to the ratio of their refractive indices.

(b) (i) What is polarized light?

(ii) Derive an expression for Brewster’s law for ordinary light incident from optical
medium A of refractive index nA at a polarizing angle α , to medium B of refractive
index nB.

(c) (i) Define the term interference of waves.

(ii)Explain how interference of waves is achieved by division of wave front.

(d) (i) Describe how the fringe separation is obtained in Young’s double slit experiment.

(ii) Young’s fringes are formed using slits separated by 0.60mm and projected onto a
screen at a distance of 1.4m. Twelve fringe separations occupy 16 mm. Determine
the wavelength of the light used.

13. (a) (i). What is meant by the Doppler effect?

(ii). Explain one application of Doppler effect?

(b) (i). A source which is emitting sound waves of frequency fo is travelling at a speed, u,
towards an observer who is travelling with speed, v, in the same direction. Derive an
expression for the frequency f heard by the observer.

(ii). An engine travelling at a constant speed towards a tunnel emits a short burst of
sound of frequency 400Hz which is reflected from the tunnel entrance. The engine
driver hears an echo of frequency 500HZ two seconds after the sound is emitted.
Assuming the speed of sound is 340ms-1; calculate the speed of the engine

(c) Describe an experiment to determine the speed of sound using a measuring

cylinder, paper cone, lycopodium powder and oscillator

(d) Explain why the quality of the note from the closed pipe differs from that given by an
open pipe

14. (a) (i). Distinguish between interference and diffraction

(ii). State one condition for diffraction to occur

(b) Describe an experiment to determine the wavelength of light using diffraction grating
and spectrometer.

(c) Derive an experiment for the wavelength, in Newton’s double slit experiment with
slit separation, d, and the distance between the screen and the slits as x
(d) With careful explanation, deduce the diffraction grating formula =d sin , where n
is the number of lines.

(e) The speed C of a transverse progressive wave travelling along a stretched string of
mass per unit length is given by C = , where T is the tension in the string. Show
that the equation is dimensionally correct.
 SECTION C ONLY

A. MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

1. (a) (i) Define the term ampere.
(ii) Figure 1 shows two straight parallel wires A and B of equal lengths L, held on
smooth inclined planes at 45° to the horizontal at point O. Wire A, carrying a current
of 9.81A is fixed while B carrying a current of 5.0A in the opposite direction is free to
move.
A B
• 9.81A 5.0A ×

45° 45°
O
1.0 cm 1.0 cm
Fig. 1
If B is just prevented from sliding down the inclined plane, determine the length L of
each wire, if the mass of wire B is 20 mg.
(b) (i) State three factors that determine the magnitude of the magnetic force
experienced by a straight conductor carrying a current in a magnetic field.
(ii) Explain the effect of one of the factors in (i) above on force experienced by the
conductor.
(c) (i) What is meant by the term magnetic torque and state its S.I unit.
(ii) A small square coil of side 2cm is freely suspended at the centre of a large
plane circular coil of radius 7cm, having 210 turns each carrying a current of 5A, so
that the initial angle between the planes of the coils is 30° .When a current of 4A
is passed through the small coil, it turns about its axis of suspension through
radians. Determine the torsion suspension constant of the supporting wire.
(d) Give two industrial uses of magnets

2. (a) (i) State the laws of electromagnetic induction.

(ii) Describe an experiment to verify Lens’s law.

(b) A small circular coil of 10 turns each of radius 5 cm is held with its plane
perpendicular to a strong uniform magnetic field of flux density B. The coil is then
flipped through an angle of 60° about its horizontal diameter in a time of 0.25 s and
an e.m.f. of 3.14 mV is induced in it. Find the value of B.
(c) (i) What are eddy currents?
(ii) State four uses of eddy currents.

(d) An electric motor having an armature coil of resistance 2Ω is connected across a

240V source. When a current of 5A is passed through the coil, the motor rotates at a
 speed of 300 revolutions per minute. When the motor is loaded, the armature
current drops to 3.5A. Find the new speed of the motor when loaded.
3. a) (i) Write down the expression for the force on a charge e coulombs moving with
velocity V at angle, of flux density B
(ii) Use the expression in a(i) above to deduce the expression of force on a conductor
carrying a current I in a magnetic field.
(iii) A solenoid of 2000 turns and length 20cm is lined up so that its axis is parallel to
Earth’s field lines. The strength of the field is 140 T at position of the solenoid.
Calculate the current in the solenoid which will create a magnetic field of the same
strength as the Earth’s field.
b) (i) describe an experiment to investigate the dependence of magnetic flux density at
the centre of a circular coil on current through the coil using a search coil.
(ii) The search coil has 100 turns and diameter of 35mm. it is connected in series
with the resistance box and ballistic galvanometer. The total resistance of the circuit
is 5000 ohms. The charge sensitivity of the meter is 0.02 cmm-1. The search coil is
placed between the poles of a horse shoe magnet with the field lines at right angles
to the coil. When the search coil is rapidly withdrawn from the field, a first throw of
85mm is measured. Calculate the magnetic field strength between the poles of the
horse shoe magnet.

4. a) (i) Distinguish between self-induction and mutual induction.

The figure above show a coil connected in services with lamp X. A second lamp Y is in
series with a rheostat is connected in parallel with the coil and lamp X. explain what
happens when switch is closed.
b) Explain how the Hall voltage, VH, builds up between the opposite edges of a
rectangular conductor placed in a magnetic field, when the current I flows at right
angles to field across the conductor.
(ii) Derive the expression for the Hall voltage in b(i) above.
c) A strip of metal foil of thickness 0.1mm carries a current of 5.0A. When magnetic
field strength 0.2T is directed into the foil at right angles to its plane, a p.d a cross its
edges is produced by a hall effect. Measurement of the p.d gives a value of 6.25 V
for a current of 5.0A. Calculate the number of charge carrier per unit volume given
the charge of each carrier is 1.6 x 10-19C.
5. (a)

Figure2 shows an arrangement for deflecting charge into a detector. When protons
enter the magnetic field of flux density 0.5T, with speed of 4.8×10⁶ms-1they are
deflected to enter the detector as above
(i) State the direction of the magnetic field
(ii) Calculate the magnitude of force on each proton.
(iii) If instead , a beam of electrons was directed along the same path into the field
with the same velocity, state two changes that would need to be made on the
magnetic field for the electrons to enter the detector along the same path
(b) (i)With the aid of an appropriate diagram derive the expression for the magnetic
torque experienced by a rectangular coil of N turns and dimensions a×b placed in a
uniform magnetic field of flux density B, with its plane inclined to the field of an angle
,θ, and a current I is flowing through it.

(ii)A square coil of side 3cm has 150 turns. The coil is mounted inside a solenoid of
600 turns per metre such that its plane makes an angle 30⁰ with the axis of the
solenoid. If the coil is connected in series with the solenoid and a current of 1.2A is
passed through the system, find the initial torque on it.

(c) Explain why a moving coil galvanometer should have a radial magnetic field, fine hair
springs and many turns

6. (a) (i)With the aid of a diagram explain how a simple d.c motor works

(ii)Explain the significance of a back emf in the operation of a d.c motor.

(b) A motor of armature resistance 1.2Ω is operated from 240V d.c supply

(i)When the motor turns freely without a load, the current in the armature is 4.0A and
the motor makes 400 revolutions per minute. Calculate the mechanical power
converted.

(ii) When a load is placed on the motor, the armature current increases to 60.0A.
Find the new speed of rotation of the motor.
 (c) An air-cored inductor is connected in series with a switch and a d.c source. The
switch is closed and left for some time. Explain why sparks is observed across the
switch contacts when the switch is re-opened.

(d) (i)What are eddy currents?

(ii)Describe one application of eddy currents.

7. (a) Define the terms magnetic flux and magnetic flux density.
(b) A straight wire of length 30cm and resistance 0·36Ω lies at right angles to a magnetic
field of flux density 0·45T. The wire moves when a p.d of 2·0V is applied across its
ends. Calculate the:
(i) Initial force on the wire.
(ii) Force on the wire when it moves at a speed of 12 .
(iii) Maximum speed attained by the wire.
(c) (i) Using an illustrative diagram, explain why a current carrying conductor in a
magnetic field experiences a force.
(ii) Draw a magnetic field pattern for two current carrying wires experiencing
attractive force.
(d) Describe with the aid of a diagram an absolute method of determining resistance.

8. (a) (i) What is meant by mutual induction?

(ii) Name one device whose action is based on mutual induction.
(b) Describe an experiment to demonstrate mutual induction.

Two identical bulbs A and B are connected to an inductor, X, of large inductance as

shown in Figure 3 above. Explain what is observed when,
(i) Switch K is first closed.
(ii) Switch K is opened.
 (d) A flat circulator coil of 600 turns, each of radius 8cm is rotated at a frequency of 180
revolutions per minute about an axis along its diameter, at right angles to a uniform
magnetic field of flux density 0·22T. Calculate the;
(i) e.m.f induced in the plane when the plane of the coil makes an angle of 30˚ with
the magnetic field.
(ii) r.m.s current which flows in the circuit if a resistor of resistance 3Ω is connected
across the coil.
(e) With the aid of a circuit diagram describe how a full wave rectifier works.
9. (a) Define magnetic flux density.
(b) (i) A circular coil of a moving coil loud speaker is in a magnetic field of constant
magnitude 0.40T. The coil has 50 turns of average length 50mm each. Calculate
the instantaneous force the coil experiences when a current of 0.15A is passed
through it.
(ii) Describe an experiment to show the variation of magnetic flux density at the
centre of a narrow coil with current in the coil.
(c) Write the expression for magnetic flux density for the following current-carrying
conductors.
(i) at a point close to a straight conductor.
(ii) at the centre of a narrow coil.
(iii) on the axis of a long solenoid.
(d) Two long straight conductors placed 0.5cm apart carry currents of 10.0A and 2.0A
respectively in opposite directions. Calculate the forces the conductors exert on
0.1m length of each other, assuming they are in air.
10. (a) State the laws of electromagnetic induction.
(b) (i) A circular metal disc of radius, R, rotates in an anticlockwise direction at an
angular velocity, w in a uniform magnetic field of flux density, B directed into the
paper as shown in figure 2.

w
C
Fig.2
 A and C are contact points. Derive an expression for the emf induced between A and
C.
(ii) A flat circular coil with 2000 turns, each of radius 50cm, is rotated at a uniform
rate of 600 revolution per minute about its diameter at right angles to a uniform
magnetic flux density . Calculate the amplitude of the induced emf.
(c) (i) With the aid of a labeled diagram, describe the structure and action of a simple
d.c motor.
(ii) Explain the term back e.m.f in a motor and derive its relation to the efficiency of
the motor.
(iii) State any two factors which lead to energy losses in the motor.

11. (a) (i) Distinguish between magnetic flux and magnetic flux density of a uniform
magnetic field.
(ii) Sketch a magnetic field pattern of a current carrying conductor placed in the
earth’s magnetic field and use it to explain a neutral point.
(b) Describe the mode of operation of the moving coil galvanometer.
(c) A circular coil of 50 turns each of radius 12.0 cm is placed vertically inside a solenoid
of 1000 turns per metre with its plane perpendicular parallel to the axis of the
solenoid. If currents of 2A and 3A are passed through the solenoid and the coil
respectively, Find the
(i) magnetic flux linkage with the coil.
(ii) initial torque on the coil

(d)

I І
x
P
Fig. 1
Figure 1 shows two parallel straight wires, a distance y apart, carrying current of I in
air.

(i) Show that the magnetic flux density B at point P is

 (ii) Find the force per metre acting on the wires if I = 2A and y = 4 cm.
12. (a) (i) Distinguish between back e.m.f and eddy currents
(ii) Describe an experiment to verify Lenz’s law.

(b) (i)A metal disc of radius, a is placed in a uniform magnetic field of flux density B, with
its plane perpendicular to the magnetic field. The disc is rotated with uniform angular
frequency, f. Derive the expression for the e.m.f induced between the rim and axle
of the disc.
(ii) A circular aluminium disc of radius 30 cm is mounted inside a long solenoid of
2000 turns per metre carrying current of 15A, such that its axis is along the axis of
the solenoid. If the disc is rotated about its axis at 40 revolutions per minute, find the
e.m.f induced.
(c) With the aid of a diagram describe the mode of action of an a.c generator
13. (a) (i). Define a tesla
(ii). Write down the expression for the force exerted on a straight wire of length L,
carrying current, I, at right angle to the magnetic flux density B.
(b) (i). Two long conductors carrying current are placed parallel to each other in vacuum
at a distance, d, metres apart. Derive an expression for the force per unit length
acting on each wire when a current,I1, amperes flows in one and ,I2, amperes
through the other.
(ii). How does the expression in b (i) lead to the definition of the ampere?
(c) (i). Describe the construction and mode of operation of a moving coil galvanometer
(ii). Give two constructional differences between a moving coil galvanometer used to
measure current and the ballistic form of the instrument .
(d)

P Q
d

X Y

The figure shows a horizontal straight wire XY which rests on a horizontal non
conducting table and another wire PQ of length 12.0cm is free to move vertically
above XY. The mass per unit length of PQ is 3mgcm-1. A current of 3.6A through the
wire was enough to maintain the wire PQ at a distance dcm from XY. Calculate:
(i). The distance of separation, d.
(ii). Magnetic flux density due to PQ on XY.
14. (a) (i). State the laws of electromagnetic induction.
(ii). Describe an experiment to verify Lenz’s law
(b) (i). What are eddy currents?
(ii). Briefly explain one practical application of eddy currents
(c) (i). Derive an expression relating charge Q, induced in a circuit of resistance, R1 and
Flux lin
(ii). A ballistic galvanometer is connected to a flat coil having 40turns of mean area
3.0cm2 to form a circuit of total resistance 80 . The coil is held between the poles of
an electromagnet with its plane perpendicular to the field and is suddenly withdrawn
from the field producing a throw of 30 scale divisions. Find the magnetic induction of
the field at the place where the coil was held; assuming the sensitivity of the
galvanometer under the conditions is 0.4 divisions per micro coulomb.

15. (a) Define the following terms:

(i) Angle of declination.
(ii) Magnetic meridian.
(b) Describe an experiment to determine the horizontal component of the Earth’s
magnetic field using a tangent galvanometer.
(c) (i) Define the term ampere and use this definition to show that the permeability of
free space µ0 = 4π × 10 – 7 H m – 1
(ii) The diagram in figure 3 shows three straight parallel wires P, Q and R of the
same length L, carrying currents of 2A, 1A and 8A respectively. The distance
between P and Q is x, while that between Q and R is d. The separation between
wires P and R is 0.100 m.
P 2A

x
1A
Q
d

R
Fig. 3 8A

Find the value of d, for which the net force per metre on wire Q is zero.
(d) Explain with the aid of a labelled diagram how a moving coil loud speaker works.

16. (a) What is meant by the terms:

(i) Self-induction?
(ii) Mutual induction?
(b) Figure 4 shows a strong bar magnet with ends S and N is attached to the free end of
frictionless suspended helical spring from a fixed support. The magnet is displaced
vertically downwards and left to perform vertical oscillations.
 S

Coil
K
G
Fig. 4

Explain the observations made when switch K is;

(i) open.
(ii) closed.
(c) A coil of 300 turns and with an area of 0.05 m2 is rotated 20 times per second in a
magnetic field of flux density 0.2 T. Calculate the;
(i) maximum e.m.f. produced across the ends of a coil.
(ii) torque required to maintain the rate of rotation if the current in the coil is 0.8 A
when the e.m.f. generated is a maximum.
(d) (i) Define the term self-inductance of a coil.
(ii) The current in the coil rises from zero to 4.0 A in 1.5 s. If the inductance in the
coil is 0.20 H. Calculate the magnitude of the e.m.f. induced in the coil.
(e) An air-cored inductor is connected in series with a switch and a d.c source. The
switch is closed and left for some time. Explain why a spark is observed across the
switch contacts when the switch is re-opened.
17. a) Define the following terms;
i) Magnetic flux.
ii) Magnetic flux density.
iii) Tesla
b) i) With the aid of a labelled diagram, describe the mode of operation of
a moving coil galvanometer.
ii) A square coil of sides 5cm x 5cm and of 200 turns is suspended in a uniform
magnetic field of flux density 0.03T with the plane of the coil parallel to the field. If a
current of 25mA is passed through the coil, it causes deflection of 600. Calculate the
constant of the suspension.
c) i)Write down the expression for the force on a charge, Q coulombs moving with a
velocity, V at an angle of the flux density, B.
ii)Use the expression in (c) (i) above to deduce the force on a conductor carrying a
current in a magnetic field.
 iii)Two thin long parallel conductors A and B carry currents of 4.0A and 2.5A
respectively separated by a distance of 5cm in vacuum, calculate the force exerted
by wire B of 2 meters of wire A.
18. a) Distinguish between self-induction and mutual induction.
b) Describe an experiment to demonstrate mutual induction.
c) Explain the factors which affect the efficiency of a transformer.
d) An a.c transformer operates on a 240V mains. The voltage across the secondary is
40V and has 480 turns.
i) Find the number of turns in the primary.
ii) If the efficiency is 85%. Calculate the current in the primary coil when a
resistor of 50 ohms is connected across the secondary.
e) An iron – coil of many turns is connected in series with an ammeter, an accumulator
and a switch. The switch is closed and the movement of the pointer of the ammeter
observed. The coil is then replaced by a resistor of the same resistance as the coil
and the movement of the pointer observed again when the switch is closed. Explain
the movement of the pointer in each case.
19. (a) Define the following as applied to earth’s magnetism
(i) angle of dip
(ii) magnetic meridian
(b) Define the term ampere
(c) Two thin straight and parallel wires P and Q each of length 0.5m carrying currents of
2A and 3A respectively in opposite direction are joined by cotton thread of length
4cm as shown in the figure below.
P
2A

Thread

3A

Find the
(i) tension in the thread
(ii) magnetic flux density mid-way between the wires.
(d) Describe with the aid of a diagram an accurate method for absolute measurement of
current.
 (e) A large plane circular coil of mean radius 5cm and having 20 turns connected to a
d.c source has a small compass needle suspended at its centre along its vertical
diameter and lying along the horizontal diameter of the coil. When a current of 2A is
passed through the coil deflects through 410. When the current in the coil is
reversed it deflects through 390. Find the horizontal component of the earth’s
magnetic field.
20. (a) (i) State the laws of electromagnetic induction.
(ii) With the aid of a labeled diagram, describe an experiment to verify Faraday’s
law of electromagnetic induction.
(b) Use the concept of conservation of energy and lenz’s law to derive an expression for
the e.m.f generated across the ends of a metal rod of length, l, place across a
magnetic field of flux density B and moved perpendicularly across the field with a
velocity, V.
(c) An air craft moving horizontally over the earth’s surface from East to West at a
velocity of 900kmh – 1 generates an e.m.f of 50mV across the tips of its wings. If the
magnetic flux density at that location is 2.0 x 10 – 5T and the angle of dip is 600,
determine the length of the wing span of the air craft.
(d)

spring

magnet

coil K

The diagram above shows a bar magnet attached to a spring whose other end is on a
fixed support. Below the magnet is a circuit containing a coil, a centre zero
galvanometer G and a switch, K. The magnet is vertically pulled slightly and then
released to oscillate. The switch is later closed. State and explain what is observed
when the switch is,

(i) open
(ii) closed
21. (a) Define the following terms
(i) Magnetic flux
(ii) Magnetic flux density
(iii) A tesla
(b) Write down an expression for the magnetic flux density at
(i) a perpendicular distance, X from a long straight wire carrying a current, in a
vaccum.
(ii) The centre of a circular coil of N turns each of radius, R and carrying a current ,
(iii) The centre of an air-cored solenoid of n turns per metre each carrying current, .
(c) Draw a labeled diagram of a moving coil galvanometer and explains how it works.
(d) A small circular coil of 5 turns and radius 5cm is situated at the centre of a long,
solenoid of 1500 turns per metre with its axis at right angles to the axis of the
solenoid. If the current in the solenoid is 2.0A, calculate the initial torque on the
circular coil when a current of 0.5A flows through it
e) Explain why a current - carrying – conductor placed in a magnetic field experiences a
force.

22. a) What is meant by

(i) Mutual induction?
(ii) Self-induction?
(b) Describe an experiment to demonstrate mutual induction.

The figure above shows a circuit consisting of an air - cored coil, L, a bulb X, find an
alternating voltage source, Vl, connected in series. An iron core is introduced into the
coil. Explain why the
(i) Bulb becomes dimmer
(ii) The iron core becomes warm
(c) (i) Describe briefly the action of a transformer
(ii) Describe briefly four causes of inefficiency in a transformer and suggest the ways
of minimizing them
(d) A transformer is designed to work on a 240V, 60W supply. It has 1500 turns in the
primary and 100 turns in the secondary. If the current in the secondary is 3A.
Calculate the efficiency of the transformer.

23. (a) Define the terms Magnetic flux and Magnetic flux density.
(b) (i) Derive an expression for the force per unit length between two long
 parallel conductors carrying current.
(ii) Use the expression above to define the SI unit of current.
(c) An air craft is flying horizontally at at a point where the earth’s magnetic
flux density is and the angle of dip is . If the distance between the
wing tips is , calculate the potential difference induced between its wing tips.
(d) Describe with the aid of a diagram an absolute method of determining resistance.
(e) (i) What is meant by magnetic moment of a current carrying coil?
(ii) A circular coil of turns each of radius is suspended with its plane along
a uniform magnetic field of flux density . Find the initial torque on the coil
when a current of is passed through it.

24. (a) State the laws of electromagnetic induction.

(b) (i) With the aid of a labelled diagram describe the structure and action of a
generator.
(ii) Explain the structural modifications needed to convert an generator into a
generator.
(c) A small rectangular coil of turns and dimensions by is suspended inside
a long solenoid of turns per metre so that its plane lies along the axis of the
solenoid. The coil is connected in series with the solenoid. The coil deflects through
when a current of is passed through the solenoid. Find the torsion constant
of the suspension
(d) (i) Explain the main precautions taken in the construction of an transformer.
(ii) A transformer is designed to work on a , supply. It has turns in
the primary and turns in the secondary and its efficiency is . Calculate
the current in the secondary coil.

B. LTERNATING CURRENT
1. (a) (i) Define the term root mean square(rms) value of alternating current.
(ii) An alternating current I= I0 sinwt is passed through a resistance R ohms. Show
that I0=(1.4142) Irms.
(b) (i)Distinguish between reactance and resonance of a reactive circuit.
(ii) A coil of an electric kettle has a self-inductance of 4.0H and a resistance of
80Ω is connected across an alternating voltage V = 339.41 sin 100 volts.
Determine the steady current flowing through the kettle and its average power rating.
(c) Describe the structure and mode of operation of a hot wire ammeter.
 (d) Figure 2 shows an iron cored coil L, connected to an a.c source and a switch K.
L
Bulb
× B
~
K a. c source
Fig. 2
Explain what takes place in the circuit when switch K is closed.

2. a) (i) What is meant by the root mean square value of an alternating current.
(ii) Describe with the aid of a labeled diagram the structure and mode of operation of
repulsion type moving ion meter.
b) A sinusoidal alternating current is its amplitude and f is the
frequency, connected across a coil of induction L.
(i) Describe the expression for the voltage across the coil.
(ii) Derive an expression for inductive reactance.
(iii) Show on the same axes how voltage and current vary with time, t
c) An a.c transformer operates on 240V mains. It has 1200 turns in the primary and 20
turns in secondary
(i) Find the voltage across the secondary
(ii) If the efficiency of the transformer is 80%. Calculate the current in the primary coil
when a resistor of 40Ω is connected across the secondary.

3. (a ) Define (i)Inductive reactance

(ii) Impedance
(b) An inductor of inductance L is connected across an a.c voltage source of V= Vosin
2πft. Derive the expression for the reactance.
(c)

Figure 3 shows a circuit consisting of an air-cored coil L and bulb, and an alternating
voltage source connected in series. An iron core is introduced into the coil. Explain
why
(i) the bulb becomes dimmer.
(ii) the iron core becomes warm.
 (d) A capacitor of capacitance 30μF is connected in series with a resistor of 80Ω, and an
a.c voltage source of 150V mains and frequency 50Hz. Find the:
(i) current supplied by the source
(ii) phase angle by which current leads the supply voltage.
(e) Explain why a moving coil ammeter cannot be used to measure an alternating current
from the mains.
4. (a) Define impedance of a circuit and state its unit.
(b) (i) When an a.c. voltage source is connected across a capacitor of capacitance, C, a
current of I=I0sin2πft flows in the circuit. Derive the expression for the reactance of
the capacitor.
(ii) Explain why a capacitor is considered a wattless device.
(c)

An inductor of inductance O·5Hz in series with a resistor of resistance 120Ω are

connected across an a.c. voltage source of 220V, and frequency 50Hz. Find the:
(i) Power dissipated in the circuit.
(ii) Phase angle by which voltage leads current in the circuit.
(d) With the aid of a diagram describe how a repulsion type of moving ammeter works.
5. (a) Define root mean square value (rms) of an alternating current.
(b) A sinusoidal alternating voltage volts is applied across a resistor
of resistance 100Ω.
Determine;-
(i) the r.m.s value of the current which flows.
(ii) the frequency of the current through the resistor.
(c) Describe, with the aid of a labeled diagram, how a hot wire ammeter works.
(d) An inductor of inductance L is connected across a source of alternating voltage,
.
(i) Find the current which flows.
 (ii) Sketch, using the same axes, the variation with time of the voltage across the
inductor and current through it, and explain the phase difference between them.

6. (a) (i) Distinguish between peak value and root mean square value of an alternating
current.
(ii) An alternating voltage from the mains connected across an inductor of inductance
2.0 H causes a current I = 5.0 sin 100πt amperes to flow through the inductor. Find
the r.m.s of the applied voltage.
(b) Distinguish between self -induction and mutual induction.

Y
(c) X

K X

a.c source
a.c. source Bulb
Fig 2
Figure 2 shows two coils, X which is soft iron cored and Y which is air cored. Explain
what is observed when,
(i) Switch K is closed soft iron rod is placed in coil Y
(ii) the a.c source is replaced by d.c source and then switch k is closed.
(d) (i) With the aid of a diagram describe the structure and mode of operation of
attractive type of moving iron meter
(ii) Give two advantages of the moving iron meters to moving coil meters in
measuring current.
7. (a) (i). Distinguish between root mean square value and the peak value of a sinusoidal
Voltage.
(ii). Derive the relation between them.
(b) (i). Describe with the aid of a diagram, how a thermocouple meter works.
(c) (i). A pure capacitor of capacitance 20 100 resistor are connected in
series with a 240V, 50HZ supply. Calculate
(i). The impedance of the circuit
(ii). Power dissipated
(d). With the aid of a labelled diagram, describe the mode of operation of an a.c
generator and state what factors determine the peak value of the induced emf.
8. (a) (i) Define the terms amplitude and root mean square value of an
alternating current.
(ii) Show that the r.m.s value of alternating current of amplitude I0 is given by

(b) (i) Define the term inductive reactance.

(ii) Derive an expression for the inductive reactance of a pure inductor of self
inductance L, connected to an alternating current, I = I0 sin 2πft.
(c) A sinusoidal voltage of r.m.s value 10V is applied across a 50 µF capacitor.
(i) Find the maximum value of charge on the capacitor.
(ii) Draw a sketch graph of charge Q on the capacitor against
time and explain the features of the graph.
(d) (i) Define the term rectification.
(ii) Describe how full-wave rectification can be achieved using only two rectifiers.
9. a) i) Define the terms root mean square valve of an alternating current and peak
valve.
ii) Derive the relation between the terms in (a) (i) above for a sinusoidal current.
b) A source of sinusoidal voltage, V and frequency f is connected across a
capacitor of capacitance, C.
i) Without using any formula explain why a current apparently flows through the
capacitor and is out of phase with the voltage.
ii) Find the amplitude of the current which flows and sketch a graph of
amplitude against frequency if the resistance of the connecting wires is negligible.
c) i) A current I = 16sin 200t is passed in a heater immersed in 25kg of water.
The resistance of coil of the heater is 40 ohms. Find the rise in temperature of water
obtained in 5 minutes.
ii) State the assumption made.
10. (a) (i) Distinguish between peak value and root mean square value of an alternating
voltage.
(ii) An alternating voltage from the mains connected across an inductor of
inductance 2.OH causes a current I = 5.0 sin 100t amperes to flow through the
inductor. Find the R. M. S value of the applied voltage.
(b) (i) Define the term capacitive reactance and state its units.
(ii) A pure capacitor of capacitance, C, farads is connected across an a.c voltage
source V = V0 sin 2ft volts. Derive the expression for its reactance.
(c) (i) Sketch a phasor diagram for the capacitor in b(ii) above.
 (ii) Sketch graphs of voltage and current against time for the capacitor in b(ii)
above using the same axes.
(d) (i) Derive an expression for the power absorbed in a pure capacitor connected
across an a.c source V = V0 sin 2ft volts.
(ii) Briefly explain why a.c appears to flow through a capacitor and yet d.c does
not.
11. (a) (i) Define the terms root mean square value of an alternating current and peak value.
(ii) Derive the relation between the root mean square value and peak value of an
alternating current.
(b) Calculate the root mean square value of an alternating current which dissipates
energy in a heating coil immersed in a liquid in a calorimeter at four times the rate at
which a direct current of 5A would if passed through the same coil under the same
conditions.
(c) A sinusoidal alternating current passes through a pure inductor of
inductance
(i) Derive an expression for the reactance of the inductor.
(ii) Using the same axes sketch graphs to show the variations of the current and
voltage across the inductor.
(d) Describe with a labelled diagram the structure and action of a moving iron ammeter.

12. (a) (i)Define capacitive reactance.

(ii) An alternating voltage volts is connected across a capacitor of
capacitance, , farads. Derive an expression for the current flowing through
the circuit. Hence deduce the expression for the capacitive reactance.
(b)

In the figure above, the bulbs and have the same ratings. is connected in
series with a capacitor across an a.c source while is connected in series with an
identical capacitor across a source of equal to the root mean square voltage
of the as shown. Explain why bulb lights continuously while does not.
(c) (i) What is rectification?
(ii) With the aid of a diagram describe the action of a half wave rectifier type of
meter.
(d) Explain why on average, the power delivered to an inductor in one cycle is zero.
(e) A sinusoidal alternating voltage of and frequency is applied to a coil
of inductance . Assuming that the coil has negligible resistance, calculate the
root mean square value of the current.
 SECTION D ONLY

A. ELECTROSTATICS AND CAPACITORS

1. (a) (i) Define term electric potential at a point.
(ii) If the average electric charge carried in a lightning flash is 5C and the p.d
between the cloud and the ground is 800 mega volts. Determine the amount of
energy transferred in the flash.
(b) (i) What is corona discharge?
(ii) Describe one industrial application of corona discharge.
(c) (i) State three characteristics of equipotential surfaces.
(ii) Explain why electric field lines are always normal to the surface of a charged
conductor.
(d) The figure 3 shows three point charges of -6µC, +9µC and-2µC in space at points A,
B and C respectively on the perimeter of a circle of radius 3.0cm. A fourth point
charge of +4.0µC is placed at the centre, O of the circle.
A ‒ 6µC
3 cm

+ 4µC
O 3c
m
cm
3

C
B ‒ 2µC
+ 9µC
Fig. 3
Determine the net electric potential energy at point O.

2. (a) Define the terms;

(i) a capacitor
(ii) dielectric constant.
(b) Describe an experiment to measure the dielectric constant of a parallel plate
capacitor using a calibrated ballistic galvanometer.
(c) Derive an expression for the energy stored in a capacitor of capacitance C when
connected across a d.c source of e.m.f. V
(d) The figure 4 shows three identical circular parallel plate capacitors each of area A
and separated by a distance d. Capacitor C1 has the space between its plates filled
with a material of dielectric constant ε r and the system is connected to a 12V d.c
supply.
 C1

C2

12 V
C3

Fig. 4

(i) Show that the effective capacitance of the capacitor network is

(ii) Calculate the energy stored in the system, given that, the radius of each plate
is 7 cm, separation between the plates of each capacitor is 2 cm and the
dielectric constant inside C1 is 1.5 (Where necessary use )

3. a) i) Define relative permittivity and capacitance of a capacitor

ii) Consider two parallel plates of a capacitor each having a charge numerically equal
to Q. if the separation of plates is equal to d and each of the plate of area A. show
that the capacitance of this capacitor is given by
b) One of the plates of a parallel plate capacitor is suspended at one of the end of light
uniform rod and pivoted at its midpoint and carrying a mass M at the other end as
shown. The plates have an area of A each and separation d. show that potential
difference, V, a cross the plates required to balance the rod horizontally is given by

( )

c) An electron is liberated from the lower plate of two parallel metal plates separated by
a distance of 4cm. the upper plate has a potential of 480V relative to the lower. How
long does the electron taken to reach it.
[ ]
d) Derive the expression for effective capacitance of three capacitors connected in
series.

4. a) Define the term electric field intensity and electric potential

b) Show that the electric flux across a spherical conductor of radius r concentric with a
charge Q in a vaccum is
 c) A metal sphere of diameter 200mm carries a charge of 9.5 . Calculate the electric
potential at the
(i) Surface of the sphere
(ii) Centre of the sphere
(iii) Find the electric potential energy of a charge of 5.0 at a point 200mm from the
centre of the sphere.
d) Describe an experiment to show that charge resides only on the outside surface of a
hollow conductor.

5. a) (i) Define electric potential at a point

(ii)

Figure 4 above shows charges of ⁺3.8μC and ⁺1.7μC placed at the vertices A and B of
the triangle. Find the work done in transferring the 1.7μC charge from B to C.
b) (i) Describe how an electroscope can be used to distinguish between a conductor
and an insulator.
(ii)Explain how a charged material attracts a neutral conductor.
(iii)Explain using appropriate mathematical illustrations why the potential of a
positively charged spherical conductor increases when a positively charged material
is moved closer to it.
c) Describe an experiment to show that charge on a charged hollow conductor resides
only outside the conductor.
(5)

d)
 Figure 5 above shows two metal plates 0.7cm apart, with plate X at a potential of
⁺2000V relative to earth. A small particle carrying charge of ⁺47 μC is suspended in
the space between the plates. Find the force experienced by the particle.

6. a) Define capacitance of a capacitor and relative permittivity of a material.

b) (i)Describe an experiment to determine to determine relative permittivity of a

material using a ballistic galvanometer.

(ii)Explain why capacitance changes when a dielectric is placed between its plates.

c) Two identical capacitors of capacitance C in series, across a battery of voltage V.

Show that when a dielectric of relative permittivity εr is placed in one of the
capacitors, the charge stored in the network becomes

d)

Three capacitors of capacitances 3μF, 4 μF, and 7μF are connected in a circuit as in
figure 6. Find the

(i)Charge stored on the 7μF capacitor.

(ii)p.d across the 4μF capacitor.

7. a) (i) State the coulombs law of electrostatics.

(ii) Define electric field intensity.
b)

Figure 6 shows three points ABC in a straight line with a charge of +22·4µC placed at
A. Find the charge which when placed at B, makes C a neutral point.
 c) (i) What is meant by corona discharge?
(ii) Explain how a body may be charged and it remains at zero potential.
d) Derive the relationship between the electric field intensity, E, and the potential, V,
between two points in an electric field.
e)

Figure 7 shows two metal plates, 4·0cm apart. The upper one is maintained at 2000V
while the lower is earthed. A charged oil drop of mass 7·3 x kg is introduced
between the plates, and it remains stationary. Find
(i) The number of electrons attached to it.
(ii) The acceleration of the drop when the potential is suddenly reversed.

8. a) Define
(i) Capacitance of a capacitor.
(ii) Relative permittivity.
b) Describe an experiment to determine the relative permittivity of a material given
using a capacitor and a ballistic galvanometer.
c) Show that two identical capacitors connected in parallel across a voltage source
store eight times the amount of energy they would store, if they were in series.
d) Explain how the dielectric placed between the plates of a capacitor increases the
capacitance.
e)
 Figure 8 shows a network of three capacitors, of 3µF, 4µF and 7µF connected to a 6V
battery. Find the
(i) Charge stored in the 4µF capacitor.
(ii) Energy stored in the 7µF capacitor.

9. a) State Coulomb’s law of electro statistics.

b) Derive the relation between electric field intensity, E, and electric potential, V, due
to a charge at a point.
c) Two identical conducting balls of mass, m are suspended in air from a silk thread of
length, l. When the two balls are each given identical charge, q, they move apart as
shown in Fig 5.

𝜽 𝜽

l l Fig.5

q x q
If at equilibrium each thread makes a small angle with the vertical, show that

the separation, , is given by ( ) where is permittivity of air.

d) Explain why a redistribution of charge occurs on uncharged metal rod when a
positively charged metal sphere is brought near to one end.
e) Describe with the aid of a diagram, the mode of operation of the Vander Graff
generator.

10. a) Define the following;-

(i) Capacitance.
(ii) Diclectric.
b) Describe an experiment that can be used to show how capacitance of a capacitor
depends on the permittivity of a diclectric.
c) Derive an expression for the energy stored in a capacitor of capacitance C charged
to a p.d V.
d)
 A battery of e.m.f 12V is connected across a system of capacitors as shown in fig 6.
Find the;-
(i) Charge on the 3 capacitor.
(ii) Energy stored in the 4 capacitor.

e) Describe how the unknown capacitance of a capacitor can be determined using a

ballistic galvanometer.

11. a) State Coulomb’s law of electrostatics.

b)

Figure 4 shows a charged metal sphere B of mass 100mg held stationary on a

smooth inclined plane by an identically charged metal sphere A placed at the bottom
of the incline.

(i) Find the magnitude of charge on the metal spheres.

(ii) If the angle of the incline plane is doubled by what distance will sphere B shift
for it for remain stationary.

c) With the aid of a diagram describe the mode of operation of a Van de Graaff
generator.

d) (i) Distinguish between electric field intensity and electric potential.

(ii) Describe an experiment to show that when two objects are rubbed together they
acquire equal but opposite charge.

12. a) Define the terms dielectric constant and dielectric strength.

b) (i) Describe an experiment to show how capacitance of capacitor varies with the
permittivity of the dielectric material.
(ii)An air- parallel plate capacitor whose plates have area 4cm2and are 2 cm apart is
charged to a potential difference of 80 V. The capacitor is then isolated and a
dielectric material of dielectric constant 2.5 is inserted between the plates and
covered half the area of the plates. Find the charge in the energy stored by the
capacitor.
 c) Derive the expression for the energy stored by the capacitor of capacitance C
charged to a potential difference V.

d)
100V

4µF 2µF

3µF

Fig 5 6µF

Figure 5 shows a network of capacitors connected to a battery og e.m.f 100V. Find

(i) the effective capacitance.

(ii) the energy stored by the 4 µF capacitor.

13. a) (i). Explain the meaning of the terms capacitance and dielectric constant.
(ii).State three desirable properties of a dielectric material for the use in a high
quality capacitor
b) Derive an expression for the electrical energy stored in the capacitor of capacitance C
when charged to a potential difference V
c) Describe an experiment to determine the relative permittivity, of the dielectric
material using the ballistic galvanometer
d) A parallel plate capacitor consists of two plates of area 1.00x10-2m² placed a
distance 2.00x10-2m apart in air. The capacitor is charged so that the potential
difference between the plates is 1000v. Calculate
(i). the electric field intensity between the plates (neglect the edge effect)
(ii). the capacitance of the capacitor
(iii). the energy stored in the capacitor
14. a) (i). State coulomb’s law of electrostatics

(ii). Derive the expression for electric potential energy of two point charges, Q1 and Q2

a distance r apart

b) Describe an experiment to show that a charge resides outside a hollow conductor

 c) (i). Define electric field intensity

(ii). Describe how a conducting body may be positively charged but remains at zero
potential

d) The diagram shows two horizontal parallel conducting plates in vacuum

+350V
A
10cm

OV

A small particle of mass 4x10-12 kg carrying a positive charge of 3.0x10-14C is

released at A close to the upper plate.

(i). What total force acts on this particle?

(ii). Calculate the kinetic energy of the particle when it reaches the lower plate

B. ELECTRICITY
1. a) Define the following terms:
(i) Internal resistance,
(ii) Electromotive force of a battery.
b) You are provided with the following items; a battery, a switch, a resistance box, an
ammeter and a voltmeter. Describe a suitable graphical method that you would
employ in order to determine the e.m.f. and internal resistance of the battery.
c) (i) Define the term temperature coefficient of resistance of a material and state
its S.I unit.
(ii) The graph in the figure 5 shows the variation of resistance of a conductor W
with temperature.
Resistance R(Ω)

Rθ

1.06

‒ 273 0 80
Fig. 5 Temperature θ (C°)
 Use the graph to determine, the temperature coefficient of resistance of the
material W and the value of Rθ when the temperature is 80°C.
d) (i) State two important uses of high resistivity wires such as those
made of Nichrome.
(ii) Explain why the temperature of a wire increases when a current is passed
through it.

2. a) (i) Define the term electromotive force and volt.

(ii) Explain why the temperature of electrical conductor rises when the current passes
through it.
b) If a device of e.m.f E and internal resistance, r, passes a steady current I, through a
load of resistance, R show that the maximum power delivered to the load occurs
when R = r
c) Consider a portion of copper wire of length L and area of cross section, A, through
which current, I, flows for a time t, Show that the drift speed of the electron is given
by
d) A millimeter with a full scale deflection of 5.0mA and a coil resistance of 50Ω is to be
used as a voltmeter with a full scale deflection of 2.0V. What size resistance needs to
be placed in services with the meter

3. a) (i)Define one volt

(ii)Two identical cells of emf 1.5V and internal resistance 1Ω each are connected in
parallel, and then in series with two resistors of 2Ω and 3Ω. Find the power
dissipated in the 3Ω resistor.
b) (i) Define electrical resistivity of a material
(ii)Describe an experiment to determine the electrical resistivity of a material in form
of a wire, using a meter bridge.
(iii)The electrical resistivity of mild steel is 15×10¯⁸Ωm at 20⁰C and its temperature
coefficient is 50×10⁻⁴k⁻1.Calculate the resistivity at 80⁰C.
c) Explain why the resistance of metals increases with increase in temperature while
that of semi-conductors reduce.

4. a) Define one coulomb, and one volt.

b) (i) Derive the expression for the electrical energy dissipated in a resistor of
resistance, R ohms carrying current, I, amperes, for t, seconds.
(ii) A network of resistors of 3Ω, 4Ω, 5Ω and 6Ω are connected with batteries of 15V
and 12V as Figure 5 below.
 Find the
(i) Current passing through the 5Ω resistor.
(ii) Power dissipated in the 3 resistor.
c) Describe an experiment to determine the dependence of resistance on the area of
cross-section of a conductor.
d) A coil of wire has resistance of 51·2Ω at 30˚C and 52·4Ω at 80˚C. Calculate the
temperature co-efficiency of resistance of the coil.

5. a) (i) Define a volt.

(ii) Derive the formula of the three resistors in parallel.
(iii) A network of resistors of 2Ω, 6Ω, 1.5Ω and 3Ω are connected to a 12V d.c
supply of negligible internal resistance as shown in figure 3.

Calculate the power dissipated in the 6Ω resistor.

b) Describe how you would use a slide potentiometer to measure the internal resistance
of a dry cell.
c) In figure 4, AB is a uniform resistance wire of length 1.00m and internal resistance
10.06Ω. E is an accumulator of e.m.f 2.0V and internal resistance 1.0Ω.
2.0v, 1.0Ω
500Ω

E
A D B C
R
G Fig.4
G

1.018v
 When a standard cell of e.m.f 1.018V is connected in series with a galvanometer G
across AC, the galvanometer shows no deflection. When the standard cell is
removed and a thermocouple connected via the galvanometer, G, as shown by
the dotted line, G shows no deflection when AD = 41.0cm.
Calculate;-
(i) Value of R.
(ii) e.m.f of the thermocouple.
6. a) Define the terms resistivity and temperature coefficient of resistance of a conductor.
b) (i) Describe an experiment to determine resistivity of a wire.
(ii) Two wires A and B of resistivities and respectively have the same length and
cross section area. The wires are connected in series and a cell of e.m.f , ε is
connected across the wires. Show that the P.d across wire A is given by

c) In an experiment carried out at 0oC. The following information was obtained about
wires of nichrome and silver

Nicrome Silver

Length (m) 1.20 _

Diameter(mm) 1.20 0.80

Resistivity (Ωm) 1.0 x 10-6 2.8 x 10-7

Temperature 4.0 x 10-4 3.0 x 10-4

coefficient (k-1)

(i) If the ratio of the resistance of nichrome to resistance of sliver was 1.2, what was
the length of silver?
(ii) What would the ratio of resistance become if the temperature of the wires was
raised by 100K?
E

d)
I R

V
Fig 3
Figure 3 shows a battery e.m.f E connected across a variable resistor R. Sketch on
the same axes a graph of E and current I against the load R and explain the features
of the graph.
7. a) A battery of emf E volts and internal resistance 5 is connected in series with a
resistor of variable resistance R
(i). Sketch a graph to show the variation of terminal p.d V with R.
(ii). Derive the condition for maximum power dissipated in the variable resistance
(iii). what will be the value of R when the efficiency of the circuit is 80%?
b) (i). State Ohm’s law
(ii). Describe an experiment to verify Ohm’s law
c) (i). Explain what is meant by electric resistivity and show that its unit is m.
d). In an experiment to investigate the variation of resistance with temperature, a nickel
wire and a 10 standard resistor were connected in the gaps of the meter bridge.
When the nickel wire was at C a balance point was found 40cm from the left end
of the bridge wire adjacent to the nickel wire. When it was at 1000C the balance point
was found to occur at 50cm. Calculate
(i). the temperature of the nickel wire (on its resistance scale) when the balance point
was at 42cm.
(ii). the resistivity of the nickel wire at this temperature if the wire was then 150cm
long and cross-sectional area 2.5x10-4 cm2

NB:

1.These are just supplementary questions please. Thus do all

of them in addition to what you already have.
2.There are various questions in the book I sent via
standardhighschoolzana.com website so visit it and attempt
all those questions under topics
3.This is the first edition of Physics II questions. Thus for
more editions contact 0789-532 159, 0703-583 009 or
[email protected].