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--— —— a = Teacher’ | éRaRbwAR ! [PES OF. : Leral Axea Netusoxk Te A_ local Axea_nelir0Z%k" ig network Sua in tshich Covnputers. _ axe inteecanneck a dimiled apogxa phical Qrea ne “network of Comp outers im __ollege Computes Jaboralaty 0% network” of Tianh an Reasasiinm. idgaea & is & 5 b Le 8 iF b- e iB ie l i ee _ en@lall Conf gusakion. e Mime a une any + ak —y 3 ae ae a a tf , ite ie ¥ seg of ee a a Eoag gsc t oi 5 Ef fng,—tamgs lomo. cues. Lek we = ih seo Samo a + Spt sf pis: : : use fon Doin ik Mn Soe tone fault ox bucat inte [rus a Ra - ge - : Se fa =z \ > Se om a ning te-pology. \ See Gace device has creat. stcobeh foi pide goin — | Tine Congguleliononly— A Sigal cng | = 4 fi1 lems Jat pice sm 443 wi re Lbs ti wa: Doo ¢ ‘avi nN ignal “is a fal aed c ; Ha ——| pastors and dst LindtzecHonal trafic Can ye a disadvan kage. Ena Simple sing, a Iexeak in tne Aing “ca Aisalle tne Exiize nohooxk “ a { 1 * 7 lea | oa 4 i ex sa _t 4. sl Stan —topetog yy = Ls oo 7 | ee Topalagy Sas» besice hes stoi ; 4 i a Fey cack “inkl, fo_a-_Comltal Const T/ a Mesh “opolegy =" ie See Pa Hints “Cootsnies 20s 9 TI = eee Spe [ exchan: re Nootallet ate na Se me “feesice has_ }onalnes error jme knox Cee 4 dedicaled_poink te cone device = | non _selays tne — aa al “Tne use PaaS Tinks 4 Fees nak _ | device a — Eech Cormection Can Casiy ils omn dale los Tack grave ”p | ‘Tae _Cenbial Tae in tue ian _actue hele 4 nd__ine_ Send abs et Passive hubs. : + ____ _ I TEPTEST TL, A | 2 = - a eee Cee mo <>. Yio a neha &_inpolesies. 4s Shanis ied Le ol 1 SS a ppaed 5G Shs IES a ss ie I ws a ie i ‘ Ste stse esh oe z = Ring F ez =4 Network NerWwoRK HARD WA — a DWARE Ga 9 SSSR RE CoCuPonen eS ye <= NT s 3 TRANSCEIVER > 2 Connectors + CTORS $ 3 ——> RTHS Stands 7 =o ae ae ee is fetes Tack- 4B.

cTranscewwer is o hardware device Connector & veed to ommectaw. ThisO as designed to Connect Compubers 9% pad cables waln Ane fo Connect Hales Se ledGamie. devices win in 2 mnebcork , ——> R745 C fl 4 Cc Rs allowing om bo bAansmik and seceive aoe one chose. eve a coe oO S utes onto a Lt c : (ak : ae eee <= Technically , on % Lan the tae oceivek 7 © Fa is gesponsible 4° piace Signals onto hoe > It is Commonly used in tedephon io Re nehwork media, and cso detecng incomin applications and 7 working - It is d: = Signals Bavelting: Heaoujh tne SMe o. oa vsed for Geta. Conmecton s. r cay 7 none coins cba pendle analog on digi tad Signals and in Some cases, bon > Bre (Sayre Neill Comets ay = oe ae Fears a tbe Connect used _—» For mong Lans, ne gnonsee iver 1S ae patel) Cables, Such ‘as RS-S8- Sm guilt into gre nenoone EAALME cond (ane ee basic BNC Connector is a made | Se Sere +yee5 Nedaorks 7 weg 4 e mounted at Gacy end of a Cable. This exrorna prornscewver \ Cormectar has a Center pin Connected ed iat Gees Cable CondveoA. and & as. HUB 7 : aay Hold Connected to the Ourer Oa wee device, used with CornpureA. & ae tat » A wotakin ding outgide sysrews Connect Seyaod ee e Fobe locks the Cable to? an 3s Paes AS % Centaabised wren # forabe Comedies Se eoinecton Secmued Compuras tin Se Ge centel e Gowen. “ a» This & nuk poa® device, whieh . igs access 99 Compute #8 Cowmpute® requests information phen) i sends ne > when & fron Specific comp! nequesr to Me hub Fhacugh Cable» The peaah eceve Ee Secest ond Huerlt Ae eu Gach Compu tea im +ne ECENehoosk should then figure oul whether ns broaddast data is fom “them on vot Dg — > Hub cannot filler data, So data packets’ femme Gee kerk ee fared) deg © ae Vex oe Dees Or hug F 0 4 Aen HUB F Trig ads os hepeatus. It z camplifies tne Signak as it moves. Kom one o device to omothen, Co 2 Passive HUG L This Simply. passes the signe if fhorm one Commecte 3 device 4S Another. 0 O ddadddd SWITCH & 6 > A Switch ts a mull post baidge win a bvbfer, and a desiga Hat Con boost « is effidiensy and performonnce- a > ft Swilth is 2 hardvoone device, tohiclh ig used 49 Connect devices of Se ment ne network — into Smaller. Subsets ae LAN Seg ments. —» The main purpose of Seg entin isto prevent ‘ne baaffic owdioadind ing network. ——» [Switch forwards a dala packel to a Speergic srovle by establishing & term poseny ConrdeHon blw tHe Sovace eghinaton. Afr ane feaion OF ONCE Mne Conversation is done, He Comection is Ferrninated “) sibeh fosvoards Cach es S a hare af ine Specified SecipienO \ e @m—> Swikkh Con Poses din fendi ‘Sag jbbeaeass, p eb; Thee have euoss and Selectively Fo Couet” park only. BRIDGE + sbeffle into +00 layan of ooo th ok providing them. ——» Tne psid Wo aking on eALorrn Moh Checking ichaka, frat makes ik efficient of! ik does wot fermvard pa cisks oausckd Good packets is Used for tnbertomnec ins on tne Same nore col ve and Single dul ut Seagrnents- devices WoAK Tr has a Single | gle_outp pork, thos ahaea a Dpat device. So, me bridges weduc la LAN by awwiding ik e me amount ab the data Sink del, Connechnr Ine OSS 00 oonks Fogetnes. enent merwork S Communication pelween ge is oq and play device So there ig ‘no need fo Configuae te na chine bid’ and Suppose ™ le network was taken 00 Hen ene ad mintstae Configuaak one Sel Provide lah to on Infonmation Cortiy une fasiness 3 q t + fom is waa nees fon tre nekook updele ane bsidge as bridges and also tt ‘on Ine faarrs {er of Do. :6 ROUTER + 3 — . oO > fA Rovter is a device Like « Swito nak vrovkes dake packets based on Hel? xP addresses: a > Rovier is mainly a Nehooark Le we device. Rovtus saveed Comm det c Lans ond Wans Eoge thes. G +The device that vfed to Cormeck a LA With anf ei Connection’ is called” Router. ~ = es KS ——7 When We have two \ 4 Want to Share a Single mkanet ConmecHon fo ‘mall Be Computes, we use 2 Rovke. a4 Roulers Panforam tne traffic dinectina uncHon$ on 4+ne intanek. Dale Sent © Hhaov' 0% Omai > A Router Is dora Sines - in, dne novker hee Oddness infomrmeton jn tne pa Conmected do two 0% THA hen a dala packet Comes ds de nehwoals chet Jo determine me vlHrmate destination —» “Thue ane duoo types Router + + Wined 8 g « boineless ~ disktabe networks: hy fr tnkemek, Such os & web Page iat is In ne form of deta. packets. Se, may A gaetaty faipstssdgelle ated sae: c trite a passage do CONE” mel =) sen odeds: Trey agents qnkonprek System = Gatewes on Convorter am 3 mebwork loye*" 2 —~_ Cale nays ane yan 8 Gakeways Save % ek pat of 0. nekeesk Houle <3 as the name Suggests, is Connect $00 mebaonks togerne® Work Upon different eed works as dhe messenges pasicall grat 4ake data {xorn one Sysiery yond baansfer. fF Jo ancien. proto co ak any -rnant Complex hich a I inugoud on ourwurd ‘mest fist Ynsough ond Corarnunicale win ane in and use spook ye uO node} qursides of will require pains network mode mehooak mee elses 1 sarbh do Genial a} nesides ye nebvokkHe wmother board C Connect: became more in a PCT _Slok o- only NICs included @ BN As wineless snehwoos Kein ; wiaeless Nics alse fread ingtead Of en hanet Porky stabbed 5 A Repeater Operates ob she physical lf His job is to ne eneaate p 4ne sign’ Over ne Same idea before no signa © & REPEATER + ° oO p eae too weak 0m Connupteds ‘ i: © fs a is ‘a Q post device ° Populeaity: S ae ane used in transmission 6 é paineless NICE OA designed fA WE to wnegenenate analog om Sighs Conneckon $ $ have amrenna eo G, provi de belo wixedess whece p Hon fer - Si i miss ignals distanted be transmis lost, 6 Cog t a me orp urn ry sical. Cord trek —> Aralo ee I igi GB O Nic is O d peatuss) Claas Connects lp an F goons ton Slob In & s wrecongtwd a Signed at if do 7 hed _, ee near. Its os Compo herr are also known as Sgnall “oN. ig PE Coss - 0 pal ep 008A. Be gp PC Cond is a Standard fon tne peripheral | hy oot c= imban fore fo Japlop | note books Computers. PE eee ; Talenferes Ty cons me defined and Meveloped by PEME'F > NIC Stands [%* Nedwoork bn ee TS (sonal connpater. memeny, Cad “tnt anatonad Gade, “PINE is @ Componen Spe Assoctakon) , & grrr of industny oxganiia bons Provides Neksor | Copavinines es re jn Ye US: ; ‘ a Computer + TL ma enabl & _> No longe® Commonly used for memos expansion, Wined Teeecren (ced os een!) aS yne PC se has Fentle pre general “tnaead Oh @ Wiaeless Commecto (Such as Wick Ss for atachin\ laplop | Nolebook Compoka puiph eal to o. LAN S evices sun OS Network CASS, modems, hati disk = An tne 1980s ard Cally W80s) sane remory Cds Pao ' Computas did nob Tnclode Mnebwonkin d ay ak wees onginnllG eit. ae os on goa NIC Could be added ean 68-P" connects. that Connects into A as co Tne one Hn sires of Pe Cords cee | re mess (wm)] USE x | ber Copabilikes , as cm expen sion Cand. Most NICs wue, Network Desian Zssve 3 PRovo couse” dey. HOR Lssve PRovo couse” ges ron Cowreor + Seen design issues Crist fox ane § 5 ap ume sake at which data is pooduced by the layer Jo layer. Oppro ach Compuber. netaorks. 9 Senda. is higher fern Ane snake ok ere date. fs Some of tne yein degign® Issues are as follow, Be eceives by he vecelver., tere ane Chances of 4 oO ovaglowing Ine deceiver. So, & Proper flo Control needs to- be implemented- mechemisen 4 Revagiurty + eae Channels % Components may be ne liable, wesuing in loss its niQe , " , 5 thm rot feasible to al data tsanefer. So, Gn Tmpoalant deskn igeve 6 - in das Rate ris. being trans fenced from be iS dome Bie Fra the Information “trans feue|- SSP Gaure Jo Ine destination So Ane ala charne 2 ‘ . . Gc iad fli plexed. & Scarasiuity + ; # eee ee wert —> Nekorks are Contimvovsly evolving. The Sizes 0 fe. “Rowrin = ane Coninvally increasin teiing Cong estion, (“2 —> There ai Algo, When do techmelfies ane “applied to SR, b fne destination « Reoling tne added Components; if may lead to iC od optienall pet Among ati possible pals: tn Heung, of im compatibility Issues. Hence, #8 design shoul!” “JAB Cast and Ree: 7 be done go tft ne nekoorks are Scalable, , Sp B Avoressing tae Secuerny,: _y fra pakeclan Hine , immumesable messages ane an factor of data Communicaton fs fo bing vif beluseen lange momb as of Uompule. s KS we abaivet Near So,trene Should be $o,"b aaaressing System should exc $9 Free ve pamigng, Jo prevent tmavinosined access ach layer Can idembfy tne Sender an se Frasuyh ‘@otnen Healion , cayplogtapny gecolves of each message, / ye ERROR CONTROL FO SH Network Proto coLS = unseliable Channel intoduce a number e ESS cag nulls Boe a dea. Sbcams Anat are Commonedied Spa Protocol ofers do ine Set of Go, Are layus mee Common emo’ detec Hon Se applicable for merwork cel Comection methods Se as fo paoleck dag § % PP , Seb gufes at boln ends peckers while Rey ate beans feated VS 5 Protocol is 2 SHEN romnel for Me . TS of tre Commoners. infosration. . aaa & MOLTIPLEXING + Jocate a dedicabed path for 2000 be wmultile pets fiom dhe Source Ynualves choos! any thbte:“A Teel ap ( 4 This prolocol is used by th — +» HiTp defines how messages aye and tsansmitied and Ushal ack. HTTP + (Hyper Text Trawsrer Prorocois —> Herp is on application lasien. protocol 6 ie Wosld wide Web? 0 fornatic’ Rong web Server Pi and browsers ghould take In response fo Various Commands. Tt is a wnequest | wes po Skendard blw a Client and a Seaver. nc2 a c Ej + when You Enler a URL in your browosere 4 this petal Sends an inne Command 4) the Web Sed, direc to felch amd tansnit 4 the sequested web pegtl “Tenuismiesion Cour gor Paotocor. Txreaner Protocol / > TeP]IP isthe Communication prctocak ——* Tne TeP/re is a proloc —> tee]ae is a Sek —_ dn Computer sletis onking » PPP is a ae pe Commurielion paotocod: used 12 establish a dinedt berween to vodes: von sed as o dada [int (yet protocaL nchaonavs and asynchnonoos rommection > ppe is Commonly on Connection over SY taeothS- « “Tnere ane dane Vaugeas of PPP as LEP (Link Conti Protoid) — Lep establishes the link belween the Source # destinalton- W NEP (Meboork Cobol Polocsh) + NEP Contial’s § dransposts tne taaffic. “ Hi) Lece (Trend. Prototel Contiol Photocall) + PCP permis ane trans fasenalion of SP packets Over Hne established PPP Unk. Ete ( Fre Teransrer Prorocor) + Th is a Standard nehoork Protocal Used to transfer. files for one host to anolnar nosh over. & TEP- based wnetiaark ; Sech as Internet. > ETP is tnsed on Client] Seaver palnciple. tH @srablishes two CormecHons behoeern the hosts, one Connection is used {on data transfer , which is opened and closed for each file #rangfer. and tne olner fox Conta Information , which wnemain $ Connected doning tne Online Intuachive FTP Sesson. smtp ( Smere Men Teansrer Frorcor) + > SMTP is om Tatamet Standard for file cbronic mai Ll (E-mail) banewission ach0ss Tnfeinet Protec (27) My Most E-mail, Software one designed to vse Smre fon Communication PUrPoses when Sending E-malll . Anotret, Guapose of SMTP is Ho SH-up Communitalren rues pekoeen SAVES, ollerwos © fetta eat abd dd Pe reddit tt tt | (erred p> fa Conmection ORienter § Connectiontess Servier © Connection OrienTED Seawices = S or —> Thone is a Sequence Of Operation to be followvedo by the Users of Connection Osiented Seauice. those of d+ Connection is established o 2 Tnfoamation 18 Sent o. B Connection is dreleased. io —— > tn Conmecton Oriented Sewice We have bo establish a Cormectow befaxe Skirting tne Communication. Cy When Connechon “is establishod, We Send ne messa: SA The information and then we selease te Commecpth > Connection Onlenled Service ig mone vteliable thanc, Connechonless Senice, We Can Send tne message Se in” Connection Aaiented Seautce ig Hrore is an etros)/ ak tre seceivens end: , (9 Example ef Connection asiented is TEP @ ConNEctIoN Less Seevaces a Sinilay do the postal Services , as ik Carsies full addsdss where tne messa is & be | Castied- Each message is wovled independent y fiom Sousce 4o destnaHo n- The onder, of mess: Sent Can be different from tne Order, Hecelved. ——> dn Connechonless te date is taansfemed in one direction fiom Source to destnaHon toltnou! Checking Hat destinalion is SHLE there oF not | on if iF prepared to Accept He messas Authentication is nok needed in tig, ne > Example Comectonless Seavice is UP lusee Datagram Protocal) seep dot , atte te Qe ie: Me A tc [Presentation] _feople i WL aoenseent BL netooxt Z_(_ Daa Weak I bbe eaddd a \_Prysical ali ss = te cts ~ “[unetna Vyomon as Soft peared Lovet Ted tay “agplizatian loyes eal ee ae “Tine — ite to acces the anaes v ple Manic and Shae -—— Hors ane “| snebuook — ts aes ces and woes reer “nlo heades ah I duces af - Servic TT ahAeh ab avis Vanea. mail,bade { f » Sender change Hoe original information | Eaeayelion = Jo_amadnes foare_and a eg Hae ebook a fiuaaae ETE SS if % elicdien — fol ta = ~~ retin FH Lend | : : z OPT Gompuesan Co aston oeduees Hae nol i= ae toe opluiks_ka We LuonseniVved i oe is , | ‘ [_ I presenta HPT WS ESSION LAYER = 2 | Presentation Layeg = Spe | oe jablidne: mamiaing and Synchsanines | es te | the imkenacton leh. 2a Commer uni 9 Systems| : Pnesantalion lagen _paosites. facies _to- lon rare.) te 3 enegsnge dala inta—a— foam t Stet ope pee ere To Qraserballon Het z “Codmmericaling application \ayes nil SS _II Léaaa | Te ase 0 rag a |p peng bscnsPoamakon | Sveh SS oh : i ig Com paessian anh decomps io. . SRT Teer oyeti Aecayokion : che nom aos O50, ie Apion sek i {eeet T = eae at [essed - foie aH coed: H “Faso Manspot lay oh.| Qn ‘into a of = Neincneomzatiay = ‘tne Seti layer atlona a 9% { process_tn add checkpoints, i soya ok ye Seksansrnilted. us ed Kec i oA 2 S| Eason Teans?oar Laver s 7‘. vats ond pass nese Jo wichsork lay: | Fine \ratis_ fnstinn ap tne tnansprsl Layer is fo 4 ay plik th up inka soa Taanspadt—layes tease Elow Conbsol = ies oat 8 1 Prt I From Session \eues tithe TTT) | Segmeniation ond oueasserlily $= “Tne ided ink Seqinents anc_fach nce number, Tnese nga te + + layea Ao _seassem ¢ “ne taanspott ayes sem egment Conia wrivess, Znabl oS Os Fi | —— me 4 Pd Died et one—& Daa trae -kaver Tie layer is. Sespansilsle §6x node -fe -nodl | | delivery oP a pace’ between “yaa Sushems on | “Ine Same nebisosie. ssf. Fox Pes To _dataling Ieiget Tae From detalink Wyte ea ewcee ane a flosa Contane’ Tresenasicna to graven) Ove wshelerinag tne tecsivet — “SV deals 1 Speck caklons af reac ond 43 eR ia= ain chien} | Saver modet, tae exisk -& Centrah Controller, Called Saver. A saver is a Specialina Computer, rat Conbisls tne webaoak vresousces and Provides Services to Olne% Corpus ins tne nehoork ALL other, Computes tn Hne nehwank ase Called clienb: Jne seq vested Seavices fcorn gadgaé NerwoRk ModerS + Neto s a= a> DistaiBuTed Njw ModEL holed Ne Hoonk model. , He 9909000 — > An distri Ma 2 meron spesounces one place and manage, i : CARA client Compuba seceWves trorn different eognaghica —locaHons. a5 apy 8 sees ° ; 3 ia — yp diepitoled network is a type fo cy ene eats Commonieale win each on O. CARs ap client 4 Wants 40 Send date to Client, i Computer snerwoak ehak is Lpread over oo SI different networks This provides a single c Sgr Sends request 42 Seaven Jo Seek parmission ben ohh its “The Seaver then Sends & Signal fo dient jk 4 Inihole de Commo nication. oe m dota Communication rework ; which can rmonaged S| On Sepanately ty each adlovalyy metwork a : Zs enent-S do | cP . pacar eee eer Ce cuiwent“ Gateway cuent-2. x chest 3, _ GPx Commonteation Process Chien] Seaver RererionswiP | Databas? _eeees Seem ADVANTAGES © ne L Cent nani back Up" Is ossible 2 Crent— Server Nl Mobet ' ee ined bec eo Co 3: Gnereades He Speed of sharing, sesownce’s 3 ano ded where ‘one O% jad Compulas (Severs) provide Me = ta nebootk Services and ale otner vee Dis AOVANT ASE Compote welwork Ttltenta) access Mose Suvices fo pafetrn Usi's dasks is Known as client) seu sported wmoded __5 A Compuler. mekwoakin' mone powers diffrent Corny a bequlies gpeciabined Server with lan remo f ) leads 4° jnckeas@ in Mme (ost bbbbddddddddddiiieeddaa ihm rp oe 3 Peer Freer Nw MoDEL +S «pe wea -Gased Moder + > PLP stands for “Pear to Peer” Tn On Pi raled), Sawer 1s Comnecled = a PrP Nekwak, He " Pears" are Cornpotor 8 < Each Compula on cx P2P neksork | . becomes a file Server ag wed as a. client ae a eb based Nekoork Hs & Compo acne System 1 jn which Chen Cownpolus Send _nequests— yo Fae Seaver Computer bo, frorn i darabase B ine Bauwar weno > esusrs to ve clients Wia Antena woe yae Computer's website ab web applleation Sve oleh becomes mm oKe powerlar tard me ee a ae aye Ean ete, Heo Tne Wed SUVA Cor hawdve, +e / me of dine wnequested pages dd & r “The Only shequiseme nis fr a Computer: f Join a Peen-to-pear nekatk axe an - Antemet CommecHon f PLP Sopkoase- Corornon PLP Sofkurar a jwnclude response 4 ey ' Lime aie even On ee ; va be incxeased dve te Caer “ds : vothe y. Kaze ele: | __. now-27 days ) SloHon a this problem ve Clava }Cormpokng- a _ PIP ~ Network Avuantaces & Does noi need an pensive Seven_ Moen Caster do Sebup Man o Cenk Server. DVANTAGES 4 ompula ¢ A by omen. YE con Slow Aown +n. sa. be Contsally bocked vp, X Lccgibebeeaineiibieded