NUR 102: Nutrition and Diet Therapy-

Laboratory)
STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET BS NURSING / SECOND YEAR
Session # 4

LESSON TITLE: MACRONUTRIENTS: CARBOHYDRATES Materials:

(PART 1) Book, pen and notebook
PowerPoint presentation
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of this lesson, the nursing student can: References:

1. Plan a meal for an individual requiring a carbohydrate Diana Rodriguez, Medically Reviewed by Kelly
intake modification; Kennedy,RD,https://www.everydayhealth.com/diet
2. Prepare a meal for an individual requiring a carbohydrate -nutrition/101/nutrition-basics/what-about-carbohy
intake modification; and, drates.aspx)
3. Discuss the diet and its implication for disease condition.
Laboratory Manual for Allied Health: Maria
Lourdes Cruz-Caudal (2019) Basic Nutrition and
Diet Therapy 2nd C&E Publishing, Inc.

https://completewellbeing.com/article/20-question
s-on-healthy-eating/

https://wa.kaiserpermanente.org/healthAndWellne
ss?item=%2Fcommon%2FhealthAndWellness%2
Fconditions%2Fdiabetes%2FfoodBalancing.html

LESSON PREVIEW/ REVIEW (15 minutes)

Express your own and personal answers to these common questions. Your instructor will give additional or supporting
answers if needed. (In this activity, you can assess if you have wider understanding on the importance of Healthy Meal
Plan.)

1. Is it okay to skip meals if I have a heavy breakfast?

Answer:__________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Why should one eat every 2 – 3 hours even if not hungry? Won’t eating so often cause weight gain?
Answer:__________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Why do we have to eat banana, chikoo, and mango in moderation?

Answer:__________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

MAIN LESSON (40 minutes)

Carbohydrates
Carbohydrate has 4 calories per gram. About 50 to 60 percent of your total daily calories should come from
carbohydrate.

This document and the information thereon is the property of PHINMA

Education (Department of Nursing) 1 of 5
Carbohydrate contains the most glucose and gives the quickest form of energy. Your body changes 100 percent
of carbohydrate into glucose.
Besides giving your body energy that it uses right away, your body can store carbohydrate in your liver. Your liver stores
extra carbohydrate as glycogen and releases it later, when your body needs it. However, there's a limit to the amount of
glycogen your liver can store. Once your liver has reached that limit, your body turns the extra carbohydrate into fat.

There are two types of carbohydrate:

Healthy
Not-so-healthy.

Healthy carbs:
Also called complex or slower-acting carbs. Includes multigrain bread, brown rice, lentils, and beans.
This type of carbohydrate raises blood sugar slowly and lasts longer.
This helps keep you from feeling hungry for a longer time and helps to keep blood sugar levels closer to normal.

Not-so-healthy carbs:
Also known as simple or fast-acting carbs. Includes:
o Candy
o Cookies
o Cake
o Soda
o juice, and
o sweetened beverages.

This type of carbohydrate raises blood sugar levels very quickly, but doesn't last very long. That's why these carbs work
well to correct low-blood sugar but don't satisfy hunger as well as healthy carbs. When planning diets, you should
consider the amount of carbohydrates in the food to be prepared and the contributions of other nutrients in a given food.
Bread, rice, corn, sweet potatoes, and white potatoes are important contributors from the vegetable-fruit group to
carbohydrate intake. Bananas, dried fruits, and beans are also relatively high in carbohydrates. More people consider
carbohydrates as fattening and avoid them when they want to lose weight. However, it would be wise to cut wise to cut
down on sugars and not totally avoid them while eating more of the complex form of carbohydrates.

Carbohydrates: Your Body’s Most Important Source of Fuel

✔ Afraid of carbs? Don’t be. Not only do you need carbohydrates to perform at your best, new research confirms
that eating the right ones can help keep you out of the doctor’s office — and even help prevent weight gain. So
instead of looking at a bowl of hearty whole-wheat pasta or brown rice as a big diet no-no, consider it a source
of healthy fuel.
✔ Not convinced? Take a close look at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines
for Americans, which states that 45 to 65 percent of your daily calories should come from carbohydrates. For example,
if you eat 2,000 calories a day, 900 to 1,300 calories should come from eating carbohydrates. So rather than being the
enemy, carbohydrates are an essential part of a healthy diet, and not banned by any means.

What Role Do Carbohydrates Play in a Healthy Diet?

"Carbohydrate is one of the macronutrients that we need, primarily for energy," explains Sandra Meyerowitz, MPH,
RD, owner of Nutrition Works in Louisville, Kentucky. "It's your body's first source of energy — that's what it likes to
use."

Why Does the Body Like Carbs So Much?

The glucose from carbs is converted into the energy your brain and muscles need to function, Meyerowitz explains.
Fats and protein are also necessary for energy, but they're more of a long-term fuel source, while carbohydrates fulfill
the body's most immediate energy needs.

(By Diana Rodriguez, Medically Reviewed by Kelly Kennedy, RD,

https://www.everydayhealth.com/diet nutrition/101/nutrition-basics/what-about-carbohydrates.aspx)

This document and the information thereon is the property of PHINMA 2 of 5

Education (Department of Nursing)
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING (30 minutes)
You will answer and rationalize this by yourself. This will be recorded as your quiz. One (1) point will be given to correct
answer and another one (1) point for the correct ratio. Superimpositions or erasures in you answer/ratio is not allowed.
You are given 10 minutes for this activity:

Multiple Choice
1. Eating too many simple carbohydrates can cause what?
a. Cancer c. Tooth decay
b. Insulin deficiency d. Super Powers
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What is not a type of carbohydrate?

a. Fat c. Fiber
b. Starch d. Sugar
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Which foods do not contain natural sugar?

a. Apple c. milk
b. Strawberry d. none of the above
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Which health problems is a consequence of eating too much added sugar?

a. Overweight c. Heart disease
b. Diabetes d. All of the above
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Which carbohydrate provides the most bulk to the diet?

a. Fructose c. Lactose
b. Fiber d. Sucrose
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

6. What is the function of carbohydrates?

a. Long term energy storage c. Short term energy
b. Information storage d. Building muscles and cells
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

This document and the information thereon is the property of PHINMA 3 of 5

Education (Department of Nursing)
 7. It is healthiest to get your daily carbohydrates by eating...
a. Lots of chocolate c. Simple sugars
b. Fiber-rich fruits and whole grains d. Fruit juice with lots of added sugar
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Which sugars are present in Sucrose?

a. Fructose and glucose c. Glucose and glucose
b. Glucose and galatose d. Fructose and galatose
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Which of the following is not a disaccharide?

a. Sucrose c. Maltose
b. Lactose d. Galactose
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

10. If you're trying to avoid added sugars, which ingredient should you watch for on food labels?
a. Raw sugar c. Corn syrup
b. Molasses d. All of the above
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

RATIONALIZATION ACTIVITY (THIS WILL BE DONE DURING THE FACE TO FACE INTERACTION)
The instructor will now rationalize the answers to the students. You can now ask questions and debate among yourselves.
Write the correct answer and correct/additional ratio in the space provided. This will be done in 10 minutes.
1. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
3. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
4. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
5. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

This document and the information thereon is the property of PHINMA 4 of 5

Education (Department of Nursing)
6. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

7. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

8. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

9. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

10. ANSWER: ________

RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

LESSON WRAP-UP (15 minutes)

Teacher directs the student to mark (encircle) their place in the work tracker which is simply a visual to help students track
how much work they have accomplished and how much work there is left to do. This tracker will be part of the student
activity sheet.

You are done with the session! Let’s track your progress.

AL Activity: Individual work

Let the students discuss the following and write the answers in their Laboratory Manual, Table 2-3, pg. 6-7.
1. Carbohydrate-related diseases
2. Symptoms
3. Causes
4. Prevalence
5. Dietary changes
.

This document and the information thereon is the property of PHINMA 5 of 5

Education (Department of Nursing)
This document and the information thereon is the property of PHINMA 6 of 5
Education (Department of Nursing)
This document and the information thereon is the property of PHINMA
Education (Department of Nursing) 7 of 6