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MOM-I Topic-1 Stress

1) The document discusses the concepts of stress, strain, and materials mechanics including normal stress, shear stress, and average stress. It provides equations and examples for calculating stresses in axially loaded members. 2) Procedures are outlined for analyzing stresses at different sections of a member using free body diagrams and force equilibrium. Factors of safety and allowable stresses are also introduced. 3) Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating normal and shear stresses and designing simple structural connections using mechanics of materials concepts. Problem questions at the end reinforce the key learning objectives.

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Noor Fatima
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60 views

MOM-I Topic-1 Stress

1) The document discusses the concepts of stress, strain, and materials mechanics including normal stress, shear stress, and average stress. It provides equations and examples for calculating stresses in axially loaded members. 2) Procedures are outlined for analyzing stresses at different sections of a member using free body diagrams and force equilibrium. Factors of safety and allowable stresses are also introduced. 3) Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating normal and shear stresses and designing simple structural connections using mechanics of materials concepts. Problem questions at the end reinforce the key learning objectives.

Uploaded by

Noor Fatima
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 41

Mechanics of Materials – I

ME 210

Dr. Zeeshan Saeed

Mechanical Engineering Department, SMME

1
Stress

2
Stress

3
Normal Stress

The intensity of the force acting normal to the area Δ𝐴 is defined as the
normal stress 𝜎𝑧

• Tensile Stress
• Compressive stress

4
Shear Stress

5
General State of Stress

 Units
 𝑁Τ𝑚2 where 1 𝑃𝑎 = 𝑁Τ𝑚2
 Pounds per square inch (psi) or kilopounds per square inch (ksi)

6
Average Normal Stress in an
Axially Loaded Bar

• Bar is prismatic

• Load P is applied

• Bar will deform uniformly

• Material assumptions
• Homogeneous

• Isotropic

7
Average Normal Stress in an
Axially Loaded Bar

• Stress distribution is statically indeterminate

8
Average Normal Stress Distribution

• Each small area ∆𝐴 on the cross


section is subjected to a force

9
Internal Moment

• P through the centroid


• Produce zero moments about the
x and y axes

 Equations are satisfied, since by definition of the


centroid

10
Force Equilibrium

Uniaxial stress
11
Maximum Average Normal Stress

• Several external loads force equilibrium


• Normal stress different from between sections
• Maximum average normal stress where P/A is a maximum

12
Procedure for Analysis

• Section the member perpendicular to its longitudinal axis at the point


where the normal stress is to be determined

• Use the necessary free body diagram and equilibrium of forces to


obtain the internal axial force

• Determine the member’s cross section area, and compute the normal
stress

13
Example 1.6

14
Example 1.6

15
Example 1.6

Does the principle of transmissibility of forces apply here?

16
Example 1.7

17
Example 1.8

18
Example 1.9

19
Shear Stress

20
Average Shear Stress

The intensity of the force acting tangent to the area Δ𝐴 is defined as the shear
stress 𝜏

• Stress component that acts in the plane of the


sectioned area
• Shear force V=F/2 must be applied at each section

𝑽
𝝉𝒂𝒗𝒈 =
𝑨

𝑭
𝝉𝒂𝒗𝒈 =
𝟐𝑨

𝜏𝑎𝑣𝑔 is average shear stress at the section, which is assumed


to be the same at each point located on the section
21
Average Shear Stress

22
Shear Stress Equilibrium

23
Complementary Property of Shear

All four shear stresses must have equal magnitude and be directed either
toward or away from each other at opposite edges of the element

This is referred to as the complementary property of shear

24
Procedure for Analysis

• Section the member at the point where the average shear stress is to be
determined

• Draw the necessary free-body diagram, and calculate the internal shear
force V acting at the section that is necessary to hold the part in
equilibrium

• Determine the sectioned area A, and determine the average shear


stress

25
Example 1.11

26
Allowable Stress

27
Allowable Stress

• To design a structural member, the stress in the material should be


restricted to a safe level

• Choose an allowable stress that restricts the applied load to less than the
load the member can fully support

28
Allowable Stress

• Reasons

29
Allowable Stress

• Factor of safety (F.S.) is a ratio of the failure load to the allowable load

 𝐹𝑓𝑎𝑖𝑙 is found from experimental testing of the material


 The factor of safety is selected based on experience
 Must be greater than 1
 𝐹. 𝑆. ≈ 1 in aircraft industry
 𝐹. 𝑆. ≈ 3 in nuclear powerplants

30
Design of Simple Connections

31
Design of Simple Connections

EXAMPLES

32
Procedure for Analysis

• Choose the section over which the critical stress is acting


• Section the member through the area
• Draw a free-body diagram of a segment of the member
• Internal resultant force at the section is determined using the equations
of equilibrium
• Required area needed to sustain the load at the section is then
determined from

33
Example 1.16

34
Problem Questions

35
Problem Questions

36
Problem Questions

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Problem Questions

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Problem Questions

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Problem Questions

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Problem Questions

41

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