Trends, Networks, and Critical

Thinking in the 21st Century

Quarter 3 – Module 3: Identifying
Parts of a Whole and Emerging
Patterns in Trends
Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 3: Identifying Parts of a Whole and Emerging Patterns in Trends
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step
as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

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to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your
learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will
be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
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Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
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read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to
Know

Embarking on this technology-driven age requires one to think deeply about

any emerging issue, solves problems creatively, collaborates with a team,
communicates clearly, learns fast-changing technologies, and deals with overwhelming
information. The rapid changes compel one to be flexible, to take the initiative and
lead when needed, and to produce something new and useful.
This module contains a discussion on how to identify parts of a whole, emerging
patterns as well as the causes and consequences of trends.

After going through this module, you should be able to:

1. identify parts of a whole (HUMSS_MCT12-Ia-b-6);

2. identify and explain an emerging pattern (HUMSS_MCT12-Ia-b-7); and
3. identify causes and consequences (HUMSS_MCT12-Ia-b-8).

What I Know

Directions: The following are statements about TREND. Write TRUE if the sentence is
correct, write FALSE otherwise. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Trends are formed from the combination of things.

2. Music videos, image-sharing mobile apps, and emojis are some of the more
physical manifestations of people captivated by the visual culture.
3. A larger thing (the whole) does not consist of smaller things or parts.
4. Megatrend includes urbanization, automation and changing demographics.
5. Microtrend shows the tendency in the direction of some phenomenon that is fairly
pervasive within a given sphere of influence and lasts for only a few years and is
common to business management.
6. Macrotrends can endure for surprisingly a long time and affect most of the society.
7. Notebook and pen are basic in documentation.
8. Interviews and friendly-group discussions (FGD) are ways to catch emerging
patterns.
9. Identifying emerging patterns can be used to introduce individuals, organizations
and communities change, improvement, transformation, and new opportunities.
10. Documentation is the stage where examination and combination happen.
11. The important thing in documentation is the ability to physically keep information
and data wherever and whenever you may be.
12. New trends are labeled with new names or terms in the hope of popularizing a
phenomenon.
13. The tools that a trend spotter should find handy to use are categorized into four
activities such as documentation, archive or memory, analysis and representation.
14. Tagging and cross-indexing are helpful in labeling files.
15. Once patterns are identified, trends are given irrational explanations for their
emergence or existence and are provided with a better understanding of their
cultural origins.

Lesson Identifying Parts of a Whole

and Emerging Patterns in
1 Trends

It was the great Aristotle who first claimed that the whole is not equal to the sum of
the parts, and conversely, the sum of the parts is not equal to the whole. But the
proponent of the idea of atom, who is Democritus, somehow believed that the parts are
of great significance in understanding the essence of the whole. As a trend was born
because of an idea of an individual or groups of individuals, and these become
prevalent, growing and evolving in the course of time, it is but crucial for us to trace
the movement of these growth, expansions and evolutions of trends.

What’s In

Directions: What comes to your mind when you hear the words “emerging trends”?
Organize your thoughts using the concept map below. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.

Emerging
Trends
 What’s New

Directions: Explain the following key terms and ideas using your own words. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. mobile age
______________________________________________________________________________

2. crisis in water and food

______________________________________________________________________________

3. technology race
______________________________________________________________________________

4. competing BRIC and beyond (BRIC is a group acronym for Brazil, Russia,
India and China)
______________________________________________________________________________

5. influence of me and we
______________________________________________________________________________

6. rise of new power brokers

______________________________________________________________________________

7. interdependence and competition across industries

______________________________________________________________________________

8. own the new consumers

______________________________________________________________________________

9. generation gap
______________________________________________________________________________

10. tension of globalization and destruction

______________________________________________________________________________

What is It

Identifying Parts of a Whole

Trends as they grow and evolve tend to influence or give birth to other trends and
become interconnected and interrelated. It was mentioned in the previous modules
that trends are formed from the combination of things. Thus, a trend has constituent
parts of portions that are interrelated. Their influence, as well as how the people adopt
them, makes the trend viable, especially the megatrends and gigatrends.

Take as example the Japanese animation (animé) trend that is associated with several
generations spanning decades. In retrospect, Urgel (2017) illustrated the popularity of
anime which was brought about by a number of developments such as the ones
shown below.

Manga (Japanese
Emergence of otaku Home video
Japanese pop music comics) and other
(enthusiasts ) availability
adaptations

Artistic
Widespread
experimentation and
syndication
stylistic expansion

Information sharing
Movie Industry through the internet

Animé Development of
Electronic subtitling subcultures

Influences from Walt

Digital piracy
Disney films

Popularity of seiyuu Penetration of

(voice actors ) international market

Animation technology Rise of Animation Cosplaying

English Dubbing
and innovation studios

Visual culture is another example that we experience today. It was developed

from various trends─ digital camera, smartphone, internet, Wi-Fi technology, social
media, mobile apps, computer, fashion, art, photography, to name a few. Internet
memes, infographics, and sharable videos seemed to be a microtrend only, but they
eventually became a mainstay in disseminating information. Even large news
organizations and government websites use them. This visual culture trend which can
be considered a megatrend, has evolved further with the advent of the internet. The
smartphone and Wi-Fi access greatly helped the new form of visual culture which is
subscribed to by many social media users, if not all.

Remember that microtrends can become macrotrends if they affect more lives and
societies. Then, macrotrends can become a megatrend if it can affect a much larger
group for a longer period like a decade. Megatrends can become gigatrends if they have
everlasting effects and influences. Therefore, it is evident that the whole which
comprises the large part is made up of small things or parts. This can be visualized
below:
 This was once a
microtrend which
Smart began as an idea of
Televisions connecting small
groups of people
via local area
network (LAN) and
eventually evolved
into an inter -

Cashless
World Productivity
network (internet)
which was
Transactions Wide Tools
popularly known
Web as the world -wide -
web. Now it was a
gigatrend.

Smartphone was Same is true with Social

also once a Smartphones Media. It was once a
microtrend but microtrend and currently
then became a is in between being a
megatrend and megatrend and gigatrend
currently is Android iPhone considering the scope of
already considered its influence and effects
a gigatrend . to people’s lives .

Twitter

Mobile Apps
Productivity and Games
(Word, Excel etc)

Facebook Social Instagram

Media
Games

My
Space

Identifying Emerging Patterns

By simply looking at the previous diagram, you will somehow have an idea on
identifying emerging patterns of a trend. Urgel (2017) defined pattern as a design,
shape, form or configuration that emerges from repetitious appearance of lines,
curves, and behavior. According to him, in the study of trends, repetitive behavior that
gives rise to an emerging pattern is the main interest.
In order to follow and observe if a pattern emerges out of various events and
phenomena, one should have the tools necessary to detect it. According to Rehn and
Lindkvist (2013), the tools that a trend spotter should find handy to use are
categorized into four activities which are as follows:

1. Documentation means being able to record your observations which you consider
related to any trend. The primary tools for documentation, however simple, are
notebook and pen. Some opt to use note-taking features or apps on a smartphone
or tablet. The camera has also become necessary in providing visuals. Others bring
a voice recorder which is best for saving audio. Whatever tool one uses, the
important thing in documentation is the ability to physically keep information and
data wherever and whenever you may be.
 Notebook and pen are basic in documentation.

2. Archive or Memory is used to easily retrieve any documentation you have kept.
Notes can be scanned or converted to a portable document format (PDF) while
digital pictures can be easily saved. Physical archiving can, of course, still be used.
There are various digital archiving systems that are available, too. Tagging and
cross-indexing are helpful in labeling files.

3. Analysis is the stage where examination and combination happen. Looking for
patterns on prospective trends can be achieved through these methods:
brainstorming, grouping, and crafting combinations. In brainstorming, you decide
which from your data is important and which can be discarded. Here, you can
confirm emerging patterns like events becoming more frequent and things following
a cycle. In grouping, you create headings where observations and data can fall
under several categories. In crafting combinations, you begin to link one thing to
another and think what could happen if these are taken step further, more like
imagining or generating new ideas. The above diagram presenting the evolutionary
aspect of a trend is an example for this analysis.

4. Presentation is representing your findings for easy understanding as a way of

analysis. You can represent your findings through, among others, a mood board
and a storyboard. A mood board is a collage of images, text, and object samples.
This is used to capture your intuition and stimulate creative discussions about
trends. A storyboard presents a narrative of possible scenarios. It functions to
connect trends to a timeline and to different contexts, something that can enable
you and others to see interesting new things. A slideshow is also another option.
Sometimes, new trends are labeled with new names or terms in the hope of
popularizing a phenomenon. Again, the sample diagram presented above is an
example of this consisting of the linkages of the influences of the root trend to the
development of new trends within the link plus the explanatory analysis.

Identifying emerging patterns can be used to introduce to individuals,

organizations, and communities change, improvement, transformation and new
opportunities.
Once patterns are identified, trends are given rational explanations for their
emergence or existence and are provided with a better understanding of their cultural
origins.
Differentiating Relationships between
Causes and Consequences

A cause refers to an agent that brings about a result or a consequence. A

consequence is always traceable to a cause which can be a person, thing, principle,
motive, act, or event. There is no cause without a consequence and vice versa. (Urgel,
2017)
Let us try to look at some of the popular fashion trends among the teenagers
these days ranging from hairstyles, clothing, and music preferences to mention a few.
Clearly a number of them, if one will try to observe, were patterned from a dominant
and prevailing trend. To date, Korean fashion trends is quite widespread in the
country. In fact, you can watch from the news almost every beginning of the year in a
certain portion of those news about the fashion trend for the year. In other words,
these news in the media somehow sets these so – called fashion trends which will then
be the baseline of fashion sales of the business sectors in the market. People then
especially the young and those who wanted to “fit in” to these popularized trends
would eventually patronize them. For almost a number of years already, Korean
culture became popular in the country especially among the young. With this, if we
will look around us, it resulted to the establishments of Korean restaurants, Korean
mini marts which boosted the small – scale entrepreneurship business. In terms of
travel, Korea became one of the popular lists for Filipino tourists.
This cause and consequential aspect of a trend does not only cover the example
mentioned above, in fact, it covers all types of trends in all categories such as in
ideologies, politics, beliefs, lifestyle, social life and many others. One simply need to
identify the emerging patterns and look at the causal and consequential relations of
these patterns in order to understand these trends.

The string of events characterizing a trend can exemplify the cause-

consequence relationship where one event may lead to another and so on. A cause
brings about one or more consequences which may be either positive or negative.
Whatever the results of a cause, the events that are noted in each result will help
produce a picture of a trend which is studied to be adopted in many life applications.
The relationship between cause and consequence is salient to strategic thinking and
analysis.

What’s More

Directions: Answer the following questions:

1. What do you think are the parts that gave way to selfie phenomenon? Explain
each part briefly.

2. Why is it useful to identify emerging patterns in looking for a trend? Cite two
examples and explain your answer concisely.

3. How will you face the new challenges brought about by global and emerging
trends in the 21st century? Please support your answer.
 What I Have
Learned

A. Directions: Apply what you have learned from this module. Dr. Lorenzo is a
Sociologist who is invited to deliver a short message about the emerging patterns of
trends to the Senior High School HUMSS students of Clemente Borja Memorial High
School. He asked you to be his lecture assistant for the talk. On your way to the event,
Dr. Lorenzo informed you that he forgot to bring his notes. While he was delivering his
lecture, he asked you to give him cues for the sequence of the topics. Help Doctor
Lorenzo by filling in the missing words to complete his lecture. Choose your answers
from the words in the box below.
analysis memory
archive pattern
Aristotle presentation
documentation similar
Fads trends
longer period

Good morning HUMSS students, teachers and visitors, as the great (1)
___________ once said, “the whole is not equal to the sum of the part,” we are all but part
of an enormous whole. However, even if we cannot comprehensively understand the
whole as a whole, we can still somehow have grasp of it through its parts. Just like the
human sciences where someday you will all venture in your college – Psychology who
ventures into understanding the human behavior and mental process, Sociology who
studies the human person as how he relates to others in his society, Political science
which look at us, humans as persons who are capable of transforming societies into
something bigger and better through leadership and sustenance in upholding the
greater good. All these are already considered as (2) _____________ since they have
already been part of our existence which are unlike (3) _____________ which are only
short – lived and don’t really lasts unless their impact become larger and extensive like
a dot which eventually becomes a line and tend to be so influential.
You are HUMSS students, and with that I am confident that one day, those
simple (4) ___________ you do whenever you start a project based on your unique ideas
and concepts will someday become an (5) ____________ which will be looked into and
searched by your constituents, who knows, 10 years or 20 years from now, and that
simple things you started will eventually become a gigatrend in decades to come. See
what happened to Facebook? It was just a simple programming project back in 2004,
but look at it now? I would guess that more than 90 percent of you, if not all, do have
Facebook accounts.
When you start to look back at how it all began, you would realize the
significance of that (6) ____________ in all forms as long they are recorded. One should
just need to carefully see the (7) _____________ by looking at the repetitious
appearances and linkages that these trends developed and evolved into.
And guess what, what I am actually delivering to you right now at this very
moment is very necessary. A good trend spotter requires the talent of (8) ____________
which is needed to come up with holistic perspective in spotting the emergence of
trends. Finally, (9) ____________ should also be done which, of course, is an important
means to capture your intuition and stimulate creative discussions about trends
which can be done using slide decks, diagrams, flow charts or other
(10)____________means.

B. ADVERTISEMENT-HUNTING

Nowadays, the average person encounters more than a hundred

advertisements a day, be it in the form of TV and radio commercials, billboards, online
promotions, and print ads, among many others. From all the advertisements you
encounter, which one caught your attention? Why? Looking at the root of it, what was
the underlying cause of the promotion? What does it target? Whom does it target? How
does it convey message to target clientele? Is the promoted product a trend or a fad?
Considering these questions, you can answer by choosing any one of the activities
listed below which you prefer most.

1. slogan- making
2. songwriting
3. poster-making (traditional
4. digital poster-making
5. concept mapping
6. poetry-making
7. collage-making
8. design a brochure or newsletter
9. essay writing
10. making graphic organizers
11. making comics strip

What I Can Do

Directions: To further establish your understanding in identifying parts of a whole and

emerging patterns in trends, do any one of the activities listed below which you prefer
most.

A. You are an environmentalist. You were doing research about the environmental
issues and trends in your area. Your friend, a local newsmagazine editor,
offered you a chance to publish your findings through a feature article. You
have to submit a draft of your article to your editor friend, who allotted three
pages of the magazine for your feature. You must include in your article
 emerging environment-related patterns that you have observed and a projected
scenario based on each trend you have identified. Your article will be evaluated
based on the rubric given at the last part of this module.

B. You are a history teacher, and you have been invited to join a one-day
outreach program for grade 6 pupils. You are tasked to give a lecture on the
historical trends of colonialism and neocolonialism in Southeast Asia. You are
tasked to prepare either a slideshow or a one-page summary handout of your
lecture. Your work should describe or demonstrate colonialism through its
characteristics, elements, and consequences, especially in the former colonies.
You should also illustrate neocolonialism as it is observed today. The usage of
graphics and images for the slideshow presentation is recommended. You will
submit your output for evaluation. It will be evaluated based on the rubric
given at the last part of this module.

Assessment

A. Directions: The following are statements about identifying parts of a whole and
emerging patterns in trends. Write TRUE if the sentence is correct, write FALSE
otherwise.

1. Interviews and friendly-group discussions (FGD) are ways to catch emerging

patterns.
2. Identifying emerging patterns can be used to introduce individuals,
organizations and communities change, improvement, transformation, and new
opportunities.
3. New trends are labeled with new names or terms in the hope of popularizing a
phenomenon.
4. The tools that a trend spotter should find handy to use are categorized into four
activities such as documentation, archive or memory, analysis and
representation.
5. Tagging and cross-indexing are helpful in labeling files.

You did a great job finishing this

module! I hope you enjoyed
learning the topics identifying
parts of whole and emerging
patterns in trend.! Be ready for
the next one!
 RUBRICS FOR ESSAY
Adapted from Tuazon, Jenny
Content Style/ Conventions
The presence of ideas developed The choice, use and arrangement of
through facts, examples, words and sentence structures that
anecdotes, reasons and/or create tone and voice
explanations
 5 Substantial, specific, and/or Precise, illustrative use of a variety of
illustrative content words and sentence structures to
demonstrating strong create consistent writer’s voice and
development and sophisticated tone appropriate to audience
ideas
4 Sufficiently developed content Generic use of a variety of words and
with adequate elaboration or sentence structures that may or may
explanation not create writer’s voice and tone
appropriate to audience
3 Limited content with Limited word choice and control of
inadequate elaboration or sentence structures that inhibit voice
explanation and tone
2 Superficial and/or minimal Minimal variety in word choice and
content minimal control of sentence structures

2-Point Rubric- Short Response

2 Points The response has sufficient number of relevant facts, definitions,

concrete details, and/or other information according to the
requirements of the prompt.
1 Point The response has some relevant facts, definitions, concrete
details, and/or other information according to the requirements of
the prompt.
0 Point The response is totally inaccurate.

Rubrics for Poster

Criteria 5 3 2 1
Relevance All graphics are All graphics are All graphics Graphics do
related to the related to the relate to the not relate to
topic and make topic and most topic. Most the topic OR
it easier to make it easier borrowed several
understand. All to understand. graphics have borrowed
borrowed All borrowed a source graphics do
graphics have a graphics have citation. not have a
source citation. a source source citation.
citation.
 Originality Several of the One or two of The graphics No graphics
graphics used the graphics are made by made by the
on the poster used on the the student, student are
reflect an poster reflect but are based included.
exceptional student on the
degree of student creativity in designs or
creativity in their creation ideas of
their creation and/or display. others.
and/or display.

Attractiveness The poster is The poster is The poster is The poster is

exceptionally attractive in acceptably distractingly
attractive in terms of attractive messy or very
terms of design, design, layout though it may poorly
layout, and and neatness. be a bit designed. It is
neatness. messy. not attractive.

Rubrics for Feature Article

Criteria 5 4 3 2
Title Grabs reader's Grabs the No special No title
attention. Is reader's quality to grab
creative and attention the reader's
appropriate. attention.
Word Writer uses Writer uses vivid Writer uses Writer uses a
Choice vivid words and words and words that limited
phrases that phrases that communicate vocabulary
linger or draw linger or draw clearly, but the that does not
pictures in the pictures in the writing lacks communicate
reader's mind, reader's mind, variety, punch strongly or
and the choice but occasionally or flair. capture the
and placement the words are reader's
seems accurate, used interest.
natural, and not inaccurately or
forced. seem overdone.
 Focused There is one Main idea is Main idea is The main idea
Topic clear, clear, but the somewhat is not clear.
wellfocused, supporting clear, or the There is a
defined topic. information is writer tries to seemingly
Main idea is general. bring in too random
supported with much off topic collection of
detailed material. information.
information.
Conclusion The writer The writer The writer There is no
draws an draws a rambles in the conclusion.
appropriate conclusion, but conclusion.
conclusion and it is not
writes it well. satisfying.
Grammar Writer made no Writer made 1-2 Writer made Writer made
& Spelling errors in errors in 3-4 errors in more than 4
grammar or grammar or grammar or errors in
spelling that spelling that spelling that grammar or
distract the distract the distract the spelling that
reader from the reader from the reader from the distract the
content content. content reader from
the content.
Sources All sources All sources used Most sources Many sources
(Content) used for quotes for quotes and used for quotes used for quotes
and facts are facts are and facts are and facts are
credible and credible and credible and less than
cited correctly. most are cited cited correctly. credible
correctly. (suspect)
and/or are not
cited correctly.

Rubrics for Slideshow Presentation

Adapted from https://www.scholastic.com/content/dam/teachers/lesson-plans/migrated-files-in-body/rubic.pdf

Criteria 5 4 3 2
Background Background does Background Background Background
not detract from does not detract does not makes it
text or other from text or detract from difficult to see
graphics. Choice other graphics. text or other text or
of background is Choice of graphics. competes with
appropriate for background Choice of other graphics
this project. could have been background on the page.
better suited for does not fit
the project. project.

Text-Font Font formats (e.g. Font formats Font Font

Choice & color, bold, italic) have been formatting has formatting
Formatting have been carefully been carefully makes it very
carefully planned planned to planned to difficult to read
to enhance enhance compliment the material.
readability and readability. the content.
content. It may be a
little hard to
read.
Content- All content Most of the The content is Content is
Accuracy throughout the content is generally typically
presentation is accurate but accurate but confusing or
accurate. There there is one one piece of contains more
 are no factual piece of information is than one
errors. information that clearly flawed factual error. It
might be or inaccurate. is difficult to
inaccurate. understand the
time period
that was
chosen.
Spelling and Presentation has Presentation has Presentation Presentation
Grammar no misspellings 1-2 misspellings has 1-2 has more than
or grammatical but no grammatical 2 grammatical
errors. grammatical errors but no and/or
errors. misspellings. spelling errors.
Use of All graphics are A few graphics All graphics Several
Graphics attractive (size are not attractive are attractive graphics are
and colors) and but all support but a few do unattractive
support the the theme/ not seem to and detract
theme/ content content of the support the from the
of the presentation. theme/ content of the
presentation. content of the presentation
presentation.
Effectiveness Project includes Project includes Project is Project is
all material most material missing more lacking several
needed to gain a needed to gain a than two key key elements
comfortable comfortable elements. and has
understanding of understanding of inaccuracies.
the time period. the time period.
Rubrics for One-page Summary of Handout-Lecture
Adapted from https://www.rit.edu/criticalthinking/sites/rit.edu.criticalthinking/files/documents/Swartzfager%20ToT%20Rubric%20Handouts.pdf

Criteria 5 4 3 2
Content (X2) Claims are well- Claims are Claims lack Claims are
supported by supported by strong support overgeneralized
relevant, relevant or are supported or primarily
compelling evidence. by marginally supported by
evidence drawn relevant personal
from several evidence. anecdote.
sources.
Organization Text is Text is well Text has an Text lacks an
Development exceptionally organized and identifiable identifiable
well organized effectively organizational organizational
and effectively responds to the pattern, but it is pattern and
responds to the present not effective in fails to respond
present situation. responding to to the present
situation. the present situation.
situation.
 Source Paraphrased Paraphrased Paraphrased Paraphrased
Integration and quoted and quoted and quoted and quoted
sources are sources are sources are sources are not
consistently consistently sometimes cited cited, nor do
cited using an cited using an unclearly or do they support
appropriate appropriate not support the the logical
documentation documentation logical development of
style and style and development of the text.
consistently typically the text.
support the support the
logical logical
development of development of
the text. the text.

Style & Style, voice, and Style, voice, and Style, voice, or Style, voice, or
Prose tone are tone are tone is tone interferes
consistently typically sometimes with the
effective and effective and awkward or readability of
genre genre inappropriate for the text; and/or
appropriate; and appropriate; the genre; prose is
prose is and prose is and/or prose is frequently
consistently typically clear, understandable unclear, wordy,
clear, brief, and brief, and but sometimes and difficult to
coherent. coherent. unclear or follow.
difficult to
follow.

Grammar/ Text is free of Text is nearly Text includes Text includes

Mechanics errors in free of errors in some errors many errors in
grammar, grammar, in grammar, grammar,
mechanics, mechanics, and mechanics, or mechanics, or
and punctuation. punctuation. punctuation.
punctuation.

References

Arzadon, M., Romerosa, P. and Zarate, M., 2018. Trends, Networks, and Critical
Thinking. 1st ed. Quezon City, Manila: Vibal Group, Inc

DepEd (2020). K to 12 Most Essential Learning Competencies.

Mangiduyos, Gladys P. 2017. Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking in the 21st
Century. 1st ed. Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Publishing.

Rehn, A. and Lindkvist, M., 2013. Trendspotting- The Basics. [online] Docplayer.net.
Available at: <https://docplayer.net/57165747-Trendspotting-the-basicsalf-
rehn-and-magnus-lindkvist.html> [Accessed 23 January 2021].

"Rubric for Powerpoint Presentation- Time Travels". 2021. Scholastic.Com.

https://www.scholastic.com/content/dam/teachers/lessonplans/migrated-
files-in-body/rubic.pdf.

Swartzfager, Paulette. 2021. "Rubric Handouts". Rit.Edu.

https://www.rit.edu/criticalthinking/sites/rit.edu.criticalthinking/files/do
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