MM101 Engineering Graphics & Design 2016

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LAB 1
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Introduction
CAD Lab 1 covers the following:
� drawing lines and writing text,
� modifying objects using erase, copy, move, trim, and extend functions,
� pan and zoom functions,
� making title blocks and annotation scales, and
� plotting drawings.

1.1 Line
Menu: Draw | Line
Toolbar (Draw):

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Command line: line Shortcut: l
There are two common methods of drawing a line.

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Method 1: 1_
A line can be drawn by entering the coordinates of the points connecting the line.
AutoCAD follows the Cartesian coordinate system. In 2D drawing, the x and y
coordinates have to be specified. An example of drawing a series of lines with
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coordinates of (0, 0), (5, 5), and (10, 0) is given below.

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Once the line to be drawn is complete, the enter or the esc keys on the keyboard
can be used to terminate the command. Alternatively, the line command can be
stopped by a right-click on the screen and then clicking on either enter or cancel.

An important point to note is that the coordinates should not be entered in brackets.
As an example, for the first coordinate (0, 0), only 0,0 should be entered on the
command line.

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The steps for these methods would be as follows:
� Specify the line command using one of the methods given above.
� Enter the first coordinate on the command line: 0,0.
� Enter the second coordinate on the command line: 5,5.
� Enter the final coordinate on the command line: 10,0.
� End the command by pressing enter of esc.

If the drawing is not visible on the screen then click on View | Zoom | Extents on
the menu bar. This command will zoom on the contents of the entire drawing.
More on the zoom function is explained later.

Method 2:
Alternatively, a line can be drawn simply by specifying endpoints of the line by
clicking in the drawing area. This method mainly has the ORTHO mode turned
on. The procedure for this is as follows:

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� Specify the line command using one of the methods given above.
� An arbitrary first point is specified in the drawing area, that is, left-click

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anywhere in the drawing area.
� The next points are specified by their distance, either in the horizontal or
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vertical direction, by moving the cursor so that the line is pointing in the
direction of interest and then entering the length of the line.
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As an example, drawing a series of line with 5 units upwards, 10 units towards

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right hand side, and 5 units downwards is shown below.

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5 5

start point

The Close option when drawing a line can be used to join the endpoint of two
lines by a line and the Undo option can be used to erase the most recent sequence
of a line segment.

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1.2 Text
Menu: Draw | Text | Multiline Text…
Toolbar (Draw):
Command line: text Shortcut: t
The text command allows a text to be inserted on a drawing. Text can be either
single line or multiline. The steps for writing a multiline text, which can also be
used for a single line text, are as follows:
� Specify the text command.
� Specify the first corner (top left) of the text box.

� Specify the opposite corner (bottom right) and the text formatting window
will come up on the screen.

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Displays Column Menu Displays Menu Option

Displays MText Justification Menu Save Changes and Close

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Displays Paragraph Dialog Box Displays Ruler
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Change Tab Styles

First Line Indent Set Width of MText Object
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Paragraph Indent Ruler

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Set Length of MText Object

� Write the required text. Select all the text and then change the character
style and height of the text according to the standards. For this course use
the Times New Roman character style.

� The characters can also be made bold, italic, or underlined. Symbols can
also be inserted if needed through the menu option.

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� Click OK or click anywhere in the drawing area to exit. The written text is

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shown below.
MM101

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1.3 Erase
Menu: Modify | Erase
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Toolbar (Modify):
Command line: erase Shortcut: e
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Shortcut menu: Select (left-click) the object(s) to erase, right-click in the drawing
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area, and click erase.

The procedure to erase an object or multiple objects is as follows:
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� Specify the erase command.

� Select the object(s) to erase and press enter.
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1.4 Copy
Menu: Modify | Copy
Toolbar (Modify):
Command line: copy Shortcut: cp, co
Shortcut menu: Select the object(s) to copy, right-click in the drawing area, and
then click on copy selection.
The copy function allows duplicates of objects to be created. The steps for
copying objects are as follows:
� Specify the copy command.
� Select the object(s) to copy, left-click and drag the mouse from one corner
to the other, and then press enter.

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� Select the base point to copy the object from (have the OSNAP mode
turned on for ease of specifying base point).
base point

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� Specify the first displacement point.
first displacement

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point
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� Specify the second displacement point or exit.

second displacement
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point
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� Specify the next displacement point or exit.

Note: The alternative way to the above method is to select the object to copy first
and then start the copy command. After selecting the object to copy, the copy
command can also be started by accessing copy selection with a right-click on the
screen.

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1.5 Move
Menu: Modify | Move
Toolbar (Modify):
Command line: move Shortcut: m
Shortcut menu: Select the object(s) to move, right-click in the drawing area, and
then click on move.
The move function allows an object to be moved from one location to another.
The steps for moving an object are as follows:
� Specify the move command.
� Select the object(s) to move, left-click and drag the mouse from one
corner to the other, and then press enter.
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� Specify the base point.

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base point
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� Specify the displacement point.

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displacement
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Note: The alternative way to the above method is to select the object to move
first and then start the move command. After selecting the object to move, the
move command can also be started by accessing move with a right-click on the
screen.

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1.6 Trim
Menu: Modify | Trim
Toolbar (Modify):
Command line: trim Shortcut: tr
The trim function is used to trim/delete certain portions of an object within
another object. There are a number of object trimming methods. A simple one is
given in steps below:
� Specify the trim command.
� Select the object to trim. Either select the cutting edges or select all the
objects for potential cutting edges and then press enter.
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� Click on the portion(s) of the object that has to be trimmed.
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1.7 Extend
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Menu: Modify | Extend

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Toolbar (Modify):
Command line: extend Shortcut: ex
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The trim mode is used to trim an object while the extend command allows the
extension of objects. The steps for extending an object are as follows:
� Enter the extend command.
� Select the object to which an object has to be extended or select all
objects and press enter.

� Select the object to extend (or select other options).

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1.8 Pan
Menu: View | Pan | Realtime
Toolbar (Standard):
Command line: pan Shortcut: p
The pan mode allows the drawing to be moved around in the current viewport.
An alternative method to pan a drawing is by using the scroll button of the
mouse. Press and hold the scroll button and then drag the mouse to move the

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drawing around.

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1.9 Zoom
Menu: View | Zoom | Realtime
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Toolbar (Standard):
Command line: zoom Shortcut: z
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The zoom mode allows the user to zoom in and zoom out of a drawing. There are
many options for zooming such as Zoom All, Center, Dynamic, Extents, Previous,
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Scale, Window, Object, and Realtime.

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The scroll button of the mouse can also be used for scrolling in realtime.
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1.10 Drawing title block

1.10.1 Layout
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Title blocks are mostly made in the Layout template rather then the Model space,
although drawings are made in the latter. Hence, for making a title block, click on
the Layout tab, if the Model tab is initially activated. The Layout and Model tabs
are located on the bottom left hand corner of the screen.
The Layout template shows the paper size (in white), the print area (represented
by the dashed line), and the view port (rectangular area on the paper which
houses the actual drawing in the model space).

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1.10.2 Page setup manager
Menu: File | Page Setup Manager
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Toolbar (Layouts):
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Command line: pagesetup

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The first thing that should be done after switching to the Layout tab for the first
time is to setup the page. Steps for getting this done are given below (refer to the
following figure):
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1. Right click on the Layout tab and then choose Page Setup Manager or
access it through the File menu.
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2. Click on Modify to change the properties of the layout.

3. Select the printer, under the Name menu, that you want to use for printing
your drawing. Also select the Paper Size.
4. Under the scale menu, set the Custom scale as 1 mm = 1 unit.
5. Go through other settings to see if there are any changes and then click
OK.

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The page size may now appear to be much bigger, then the size of the viewport,
and may be located on the bottom left corner of the page. The size of the viewport
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can be changed by clicking on a line representing the viewport and then moving
the corners to the preferred location as shown.
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Model or paper space

Since the drawing is made in the model space, which is inside the viewport,
changes can only be made to the drawing by going to the model space. This is
done by double clicking inside the viewport (the lines representing the viewport
will become bold). Likewise, to go outside the viewport, double click in the
region outside the viewport. Alternatively, the Model/Paper space tab, at the
bottom-center of the screen can be used for switching between the two modes.

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1.10.3 Title block

The title block is made in the region outside the view port and then moved on top
of the page. There are some custom sheet sets available in AutoCAD 2013.
However, new title blocks can also be created. The title block to be used for this
course is given below with the dimensions for an A4 size paper. The height of the
text should be as given by Standards Australia, refer to chapter 1 of the lecture
notes. The line and text commands are used to draw the title block.

After the title block has been drawn, it needs to be moved on top of the page. To
ensure that the title block is in the center of the page, the title block can be moved
(using the move command) from the center of a line drawn across the title block
to the center of a line drawn across the page print area, which is represented by
the dashed lines. The two diagonal lines can then be deleted and the viewport
resized.

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NAME SCALE
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DATE
TITLE REVISION
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80 117 80

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1.11 Plotting drawings from AutoCAD 2013

For plotting the drawing, the page should be setup as mentioned in the previous
section.

1.11.1 Scale
The scale of a drawing can only be set in the model space, that is, inside the view
port. Access the Annotation Scale menu on the lower right-hand side of the
screen and select the appropriate scale. The drawing will be automatically set to

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this scale. If there are no suitable scales then one can be set by choosing the
Custom option and then the Add Scale option. The added scale will also appear in
the list of scales.

A scale can also be edited through this option with the condition that the scale is
not is use. Note that zooming in or out of the drawing after setting the scale will
change the scale. Hence, move out of the model space after setting the scale.

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1.11.2 Plotting
Menu: File | Plot
Toolbar (Standard):
Command line:
plot
Shortcut menu: Right-click on the active tab and click plot.
Plotting can be done with the above commands. A preview of the plot can also be
viewed prior to plotting by clicking on Preview. In some cases the plot area may
have to be changed from the conventional layout plot. This is mostly necessary
when the drawing is not in the center when plotting. In this case the plot area
should be chosen as Extents and plot offset as Center the Plot.

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