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SIDUPSC
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KEY A Prelims 2020 (7 ques)

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KEY D Prelims 2019 (8 ques)

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KEY C Prelims 2018 (13 ques)

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KEY C Prelims 2018 (13 ques)

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KEY C Prelims 2018 (13 ques)

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 The United Nations
THE UNITED NATIONS

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 Origin of UN
Woodrow Wilson 14 Points

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1918.

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• League of Nations, an
organization conceived in
circumstances of the First World

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War, and established in 1919

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under the Treaty of
Versailles "to promote

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international cooperation and to
achieve peace and security.“
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Treaty of Versailles.
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• Roosevelt & US congress did not
like the idea of LON.
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LON fails to prevent WWII

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• US a superpower did not join.
• LON did not address unfair treatment with

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Germany in Treaty of Versailles.

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• Many other nations were not invited to
join.

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• It was just a moral force with no executive
powers like UNSC at present.
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LON fall short under the era when
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colonialism was at rise.
• Failed to contain Germany and annexation
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of Czechoslovakia in 1938.
 The UN formation (1945)
● The UN was formulated and negotiated

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among the delegations from the Allied Big
Four (the United States, the United Kingdom,

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the Soviet Union and China) at
the Dumbarton Oaks Conference from 21
September 1944 to 7 October 1944 and they

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agreed on the aims, structure and functioning
of the UN.

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● After months of planning, the UN

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Conference on International
Organization opened in San Francisco, 25
April 1945, attended by 50 governments and

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a number of non-governmental organizations
involved in drafting the UN Charter.
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● The UN Charter of 1945 is the foundational
treaty of the United Nations, as an inter-
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governmental organization.
 AIM: to maintain international peace

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and security, develop friendly relations

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and cooperation among member
nations.
Members 193 nations; HQ New York

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city USA

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U.N in 2021 • Secretary General: António Guterres

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• Last country i.e. 193rd country to join
UN: South Sudan

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• Official languages (6): Arabic, Chinese,
English, French, Russian, Spanish
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Funding the

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U.N

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UN Five Principle Organs

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1. General Assembly

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• The main deliberative,

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policymaking and representative
organ of the UN.
• All 193 Member States of the UN

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are represented in the General
Assembly, making it the only UN

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body with universal
representation.

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• Each year the members meet in
New York and head of states give
speeches.
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• The President (Abdula Shahid) of
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the General Assembly is elected
each year by assembly to serve a
one-year term of office.
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 2. Security Council

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• It has primary responsibility,

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under the UN Charter, for
the maintenance of international
peace and security.

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• The Security Council is made up
of fifteen member

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states, consisting of five
permanent members—China,

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France, Russia, the United
Kingdom, and the United States—
and ten non-permanent members
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elected for two-year terms by the
General Assembly on a regional
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basis.
• By Veto, P5 member can reject
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any UNSC resolution.

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• It is the principal body for coordination,

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policy review, policy dialogue and
recommendations on economic, social and

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environmental issues, as well as
implementation of internationally agreed

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development goals.

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• It has 54 Members, elected by the General
Assembly for overlapping three-year terms.

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• Each year, ECOSOC structures its work
around an annual theme of global
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importance to sustainable development.
This ensures focused attention, among
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ECOSOC’s array of partners, and throughout

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Agencies

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Under

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4. International Court of Justice

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• Established by UN charter 1945.

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• Location in Hague.
• Main judicial organization of UN, settle

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dispute among member countries and

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advisory to UN organs and agencies.
Judge Dalveer Bhandari: Member of

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the Court since 27 April 2012-27
India has remained involved in cases at
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ICJ on six occasions, including the
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present Jadhav case. Pakistan was the
opposing party in the four out of six
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cases.
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5. UN Secretariat

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• It comprises of thousands of working
staff who work for UN
• Secretary-General (Head) is appointed

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by the UNGA on recommendation by

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the UNSC.

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Funds and Program

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• The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), originally known as the
United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, was created by

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the United Nations General Assembly in 1946, to provide emergency

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food and healthcare to children and mothers in countries that had been
devastated by World War II.

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• UNDP was established in 1965 by the General Assembly of the United
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Nations. It provides expert advice, training and grants support to
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developing countries, with increasing emphasis on assistance to the least
developed countries.
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Funds and Program

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• The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), is a global environmental authority
that sets the global environmental agenda, promotes the coherent implementation of

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the environmental dimension of sustainable development within the United Nations
system.

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• It was founded by UN General Assembly (Stockholm Conference) in June 1972.

• UNEP and
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World Meteorological Organization (WMO) established
the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988 to assess climate
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change.
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The secretariats for the following organizations are
currently hosted by UNEP

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• Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

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• Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna
and Flora (CITES)

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• Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals
(CMS)

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• Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer

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• Minamata Convention on Mercury
• Basel Convention on the Control of Trans-boundary Movements of
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Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal
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• Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
• Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for
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Certain Hazardous Chemicals

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UN-Habitat
• United Nations Human Settlements Program (UN-Habitat) is the United Nations program

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working towards a better urban future. HQ Nairobi, Kenya.

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• Its mission is to promote socially and environmentally sustainable human settlements &
shelter for all.

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• It was established in 1978 as an outcome of the First UN Conference on Human Settlements
and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat I) in Vancouver, Canada, in 1976.

WFP
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• World Food Programme (WFP) is the leading humanitarian organization saving lives and
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changing lives, delivering food assistance in emergencies and working with communities to
improve nutrition and build resilience.
• The WFP was established in 1963 by the FAO (The Food and Agriculture Organization) and
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the United Nations General Assembly.

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SIDUPSC
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  You will be, the part of best team i.e team
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