G https://www.guru99.com/first-webdriver-scripthht Selenium Webdriver Java Program Example (Sample Code) Selenium Java Example Using the Java class “myclass” that we created in the previous tutorial, let us try to create a WebDriver script that would: Step 1: fetch Mercury Tours’ homepage Step 2: verify its title Step 3: print out the result of the comparison Step 4: close it before ending the entire program. Selenium WebDriver Sample Code Below is the actual WebDriver code for the logic presented by the scenario above package newproject; import org.openga.seleniun.weboriver; Import org.openaa. seleniun. firefox. Firefoxoriver; ‘//conment the above Line and unconment below line to use Chrome /Fimport org.openqa.seleniun.chrone.chroneDriver; public class Pot { public static void main(string[] args) { 11 declaration and instantiation of objects/variables systen. setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver”,"C:geckodriver.exe"); Webbriver driver = new Firefoxoriver(); J/consent the above 2 lines and uncomment below 2 lines to use Chrome //systen. setProperty("webdriver .chrone. driver", “G:chronedriver exe"); /]Webbriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); String baseUrl = “http://deno.guru99.con/test/newtours/*; String expectedTitle = ‘Welcome: Mercury Tours"; String actualTitle = "3 // launch Fire fox and direct it to the Base URL driver.get(baseUrl); // get the actual value of the title actualTitle = driver.getTitle(); Q * compare the actual title of the page with the expected one and print * the result as “Passed” or “Failed” ”Af (actualTitLe. contentequals (expectedTitle)) { Systen.out .printIn("Test Passed!"); y else ¢ Systen.out.printIn(*Test Failed"); x //close Fire fox driver.close(); yi 00:00 Note: Starting Firefox 35, you need to use gecko driver created by Mozilla to use Web Driver. Selenium 3.0, gecko and firefox has compatibility issues and setting them correctly could become an uphill task. Ifthe code does not work, downgrade to Firefox version 47 or below. Alternatively, you can run your scripts on Chrome. Selenium works out of the box for Chrome. You just need to change 3 lines of code to make your script work with Chrome or Firefox Explaining the code Importing Packages To get started, you need to import following two packages: 1. org.openga.selenium.*- contains the WebDriver class needed to instantiate a new browser loaded with a specific driver 2. org.openga.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver ~ contains the FirefoxDriver class needed to instantiate a Firefox-specific driver onto the browser instantiated by the WebDriver class Ifyour test needs more complicated actions such as accessing another class, taking browser screenshots, or manipulating external files, definitely you will need to import more packages. Instantiating objects and variables Normally, thi is how a driver objects instantiated. Webbriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); AFirefoxDriver class with no parameters means that the default Firefox profile will be launched by our Java program. The default Firefox profile is similar to launching Firefox in safe mode (no extensions are loaded) For convenience. we saved the Base URI and the exnected title as variables.Launching a Browser Session WebDriver's get() method is used to launch a new browser session and directs it to the URL that you specify as its parameter. driver. get (baseUrl); Get the Actual Page Title The WebDriver class has the getTitle() method that is always used to obtain the page title of the currently loaded page. actualTitle = driver.getTitle(); Compare the Expected and Actual Values This portion of the code simply uses a basic Java if-else structure to compare the actual title with the expected one. if (actual Title. contentequals(expectecTitle) )( Systen.out.printin("Test Passed!"); y else { Systen.out.printin(*Test Failed"); + Terminating a Browser Session The “close()” method is used to close the browser window. driver.close(); Terminating the Entire Program Ifyou use this command without closing all browser windows first, your whole Java program will end while leaving the browser window open. system.exit(@); Running the Test There are two ways to execute code in Eclipse IDE.1. On Eclipse’s menu bar, click Run > Run. 2. Press Ctrl+F11 to run the entire code. Chief Ifyou did everything correctly, Eclipse would output “Test Passed!” Bi console 83 [E Probler mydass [Java Applic Test Passed! Locating GUI Elements Locating elements in WebDriver is done by using the “findElement(By.locator())” method. The “locator” part of the code is same as any of the locators previously discussed in the Selenium IDE chapters of these tutorials. Infact, itis recommended that you locate GUI elements using IDE and once successfully identified export the code to WebDriver. Here is a Selenium sample code that locates an element by its id. Facebook is used as the Base URL. package newproject; import org.openga.seleniun.By; import org.openga.selenium.weboriver; import org.openga. seleniun.firefox.Firefoxbriver; public class PG2 { public static void nain(stringl] args) ( system. setProperty("webdriver. gecko.driver","C:geckodriver.exe"); Webbriver driver = new Firefoxoriver(); String baseUrl = “http://www. Facebook.com"; String tagName =" Griver.get(baseUrl); taglane = driver. findElement By. id("enail”)).getTagane(); systen.out.printin(tagNane); driver.close(); systen.exit(®); » y We used the getTagName() method to extract the tag name of that particular element whose id is “email”. When run, this code should be able to correctly identify the tag name “input” and will p Ecliose’s Console window. tit out onSummary for locating elements Variation By.className By.cssSelector By.id By.linkText By.name By. partialLinkText By.tagName By.xpath Descript n finds elements based on the value of the “class” attribute finds elements based on the driver’s underlying CSS Selector engine locates elements by the value of their “id” attribute finds a link element by the exact text it displays locates elements by the value of the “name” attribute locates elements that contain the given link text locates elements by their tag name locates elements via xPath Sample findElement(By.classNam e(“someClassName”)) findElement(By.cssSelect or(“input#email”)) findElement(By.id(“some 'd”)) findElement{By.linkText(* REGISTRATION”)) findElement(By.name(“so meName”)) findElement(By.partialLin kText(“REG”)) findElement(By:tagName( “div’) findElement(By.xpath(*// html/body/div/table/tbo dy/tr/td[2]/table/tbody/tr{4]/td/table/tbod y/tr/taf2]/table/tbody/trL 2\/td[3]/ form/table/tbody/tr15!")) Note on Using findElement(By.cssSelector()) By.cssSelector() does not support the “contains” feature. Consider the Selenium IDE code below - ern: in Solenivm IDE, this step passed / f° [command Tage Vane \ Jopen A [Rett cafonteontnat Poswort") va lecho SM Tog [Reference | Uement | Rolup [info] Executing: Jopen | | | [info] Executing: |storeText | css=font:contains("Password:") | var || [info] Executing: |echo | ${var} | | [info] echo: Password: ‘The inner text was svecesstuliy printed In Selenium IDE above, the entire test passed. However in the Selenium WebDriver script below, the same test generated an error because WebDriver does not support the “contains” keyword when used in the By.cssSelector() method. ee cee tous th caved an eer PEEESESRE SRE erenteminr, yea tee public class metass { Keyword is not supported Porat cummeriat emt, by eyesaeuctrd a : String seirl'= “http nentcurs-ceteet.conts WEDDYIVEY mas nL driver ge (osset driver close . Spstencentt(s ? eclipse IDE reports that error Was caused bu Tine 4,ff tretne wnere eycssseuctorO wasused —— at mpeckagé meters nin(wgclasas inant) Z coved Oy hana lana saat ted tnoetervertces oof rT oP HT eg we TE] Common Commands Instantiating Web Elements Instead of using the long “driver.findElement(By.locator())” syntax every time you will access a particular element, we can instantiate a WebElement object for it. The WebElement class is contained in the “org.openqa.selenium>” package. WebElement myElement = driver.findElement (By. id("username"))? myElenent. sendkeys ("tutorial"); Clicking on an Element Clicking is perhaps the most common way of interacting with web elements. The click() method is used to simulate the clicking of any element. The following Selenium Java example shows how click() was used to click on Mercury Tours’ “Sign-In” button. driver. FindElenent (By.name(*Legin")).click() Following things must be noted when using the click() method. © Itdoes not take any parameter/argument. © The method automatically waits for a new page to load if applicable. © The element to be clicked-on, must be visible (height and width must not be equal to zero). Get Commands Get commands fetch various important information about the page/element. Here are some important “get” commands you must be familiar with. Commands Usage get() © Itautomatically opens a new browser window and fetches the page that Sample usage: parentheses. © Itis the counterpart of Selenium IDE’s “open” command. © The parameter must be a String object. © Needs no parameters Sample usage: © Fetches the title of the current page © Leading and trailing white spaces are trimmedgetPageSource() Sample usage: getCurrentUrl() Sample usage getText() Sample usage Returns a null string if the page has no title Needs no parameters Returns the source code of the page as a String value Needs no parameters Fetches the string representing the current URL that the browser is look Fetches the inner text of the element that you specify Navigate commands These commands allow you to refresh,go-into and switch back and forth between different web pages. navigate().to() Sample usage: navigate().refresh() Sample usage: navigate().back() Sample usage: navigate().forward() Sample usage: Itautomatically opens a new browser window and fetches the page tha parentheses. Itdoes exactly the same thing asthe get() method. Needs no parameters. It refreshes the current page. Needs no parameters. Takes you back by one page on the browser's history. Needs no parameters Takes you forward by one page on the browser's history. Closing and Quitting Browser Windows close() Sample usage: quit() Sample usage: Needs no parameters It closes only the browser window that WebDriver is currently controlling. Needs no parameters It closes all windows that WebDriver has opened.close() wit) - will only close a. - Will close aul single window windows To clearly illustrate the difference between close() and quit() , try to execute the code below. It uses a webpage that automatically pops up a window upon page load and opens up another after exiting, using ci0se0 public static void msin(string{] args) { WebOrdver driver = new Firefoxoriver()s driver. get("http://m.popuptest.con/popuptest2. heal"); driver. close()s, y Notice that only the parent browser window was closed and not the two pop-up windows. wry opuptest com 20 After executing driver.closed, these two pop-vps remained. only the parent window ra was closed “Seon, But if you use quit(), all windows will be closed - not just the parent one. Try running the code below and you will notice that the two pop-ups above will automatically be closed as well. package newproject; import org-openga. selenium. weboriver; import org.openga. seleniun. firefox. Firefoxbriverspublic class p63 ( public static void main(string{] args) { system. setProperty ("webdniver. gecko. driver Weboriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver. get (*http://rwn.popuptest .con/popuptest2..html") ; driver.quit(); // using QUIT all windows will close ,"C:geckodriver exe"); Switching Between Frames To access GUI elements in a Frame, we should first direct WebDriver to focus on the frame or pop-up window first before we can access elements within them. Let us take, for example, the web page http: //demo. guru99.com/selenium/deprecated. html packageListrrame classrrame At Classes Packages JPrer ried Frames No Frames com moughtworks selenium ‘com thoughtwores selenium condtc Ea 1g openda selenium ‘com.tnoughtworks. selenium ‘com noughtworks.selemum.ci ‘org openga.setenium ‘org.opengaseteniumandreid ee forg.openga seleniumandroidibrary AdatoplicauonCacne ‘org openga selenium browsertounchers ;erConnection org.openga selenium browserlaunchers.ocators sasestorage This page has 3 frames whose “name” attributes are indicated above. We wish to access the “Deprecated” link encircled above in yellow. In order to do that, we must first instruct WebDriver to switch to the “classFrame” frame using the “switchTo().frame()” method. We will use the name attribute of the frame as the parameter for the “framel)” part. package newproject; import org-openga.seleniun.By; import org.openga. selenium. Webdriver; import org-openga. seleniun. firefox. FirefoxDriver; public class P64 ( public static void main(string[] args) (system. setProperty("webdriver. gecko. driver”, "C:geckodriver exe"); WebDriver driver = new Firefoxriver(); driver. get("http: //demo.guru99.con/seleniun/deprecated.html"); driver. switchTo().frame("classFrane"); driver. FindElenent (By. LinkText ("Deprecated") .cLick()5 driver.close(); y After executing this code, you will see that the “classFrame” frame is taken to the “Deprecated AP!” page, meaning that our code was successfully able to access the “Deprecated” link. Switching Between Pop-up Windows WebDriver allows pop-up windows like alerts to be displayed, unlike in Selenium IDE. To access the elements within the alert (such as the message it contains), we must use the "switchTo().alert()" method. In the code below, we will use this method to access the alert box and then retrieve its message usingthe "getText ()" method, and then automatically close the alert box using the "switchTo() .alert() accept ()" | method. First, head over to https://output jsbin.com/usidix/1 and manually click the “Go!” button there and see for yourself the message text. Click the button below to launch an alert. The page at htp/sbin.com says A, Tisnsettox Lets see the Selenium example code to do this- package nypackage; import org-openga.seleniun.8y; import org-openga. selenium. WebOriver; import org.openga. selenium. firefox. Firefoxbrivers public class myclass { public static void eain(string[] args) { ni. setProperty("webdriver.gecko. driver" ,"C:geckodriver exe");String alertMessage = ""; driver. get(*http://jsbin.con/usidix/1"); driver. FindElement (By.cssSelector("input[value="Gol"]")) click(); alertMessage = driver. switchTo() .alert().getText(); driver. switchTo().alert().accept(); systen.out.printIn(alertMessage); ariver.quit(); y On the Eclipse console, notice that the printed alert message is: Bi Console 2 ‘This is an alert box. Waits There are two kinds of waits. 1. Implicit wait - used to set the default waiting time throughout the program 2. Explicit wait - used to set the waiting time for a particular instance only Implicit Wait © Itis simpler to code than Explicit Waits. © tis usually declared in the instantiation part of the code. * You will only need one additional package to import. To start using an implicit wait, you would have to import this package into your code. import java.util. concurrent. TineUnit; Then on the instantiation part of your code, add this. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlywait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); (ener this maans that yu are setting 10 seconds as your deFauit wait time You can change "Oo" and "SECONDS" fo any numiber and time unit yoy want. Explicit WaitExplicit waits are done using the WebDriverWait and ExpectedCondition classes. For the following Selenium WebDriver example, we shall wait up to 10 seconds for an element whose id is “username” to become visible before proceeding to the next command. Here are the steps Step 1: Import these two packages: import org. openga. selenium. support.ui -ExpectedConditions; import org. openga. selenium. support.ui .WebDriverWait; Step 2: Declare a WebDriverWait variable. In this example, we will use “myWaitVar” as the name of the variable. WeboDriver instance that wil use the exploit wait Wepbeiver deiver = new FizefoxDeiver0? WebDriverWait myWaitVar = new WebDriverWait (driver, 10) 4 number of seconds to wait _) Use myWaitVar with ExpectedConditions on portions where you need the explicit wait to occur. In this case, we will use explicit wait on the “username” (Mercury Tours HomePage) input before we type the text, “tutorial” onto it. Step 3: myWaitVar.until (ExpectedConditions. visibilityofElementLocated(By.id("username"))); driver. findElement (By. id("username")) .sendXeys ("tutorial"); Conditions Following methods are used in conditional and looping operations — * isEnabled() is used when you want to verify whether a certain element is enabled or not before ‘executing a command. for convenience, We Saved the dement With id-"vsername" as an instance of the Weoélement class. The Webélement class is contained in the package org. openqa. selenium. * WebEleneat extbox username = driver. findElenent (By.id("use=name”))? Af (extbox username. ieEnabled()) ( textbox username. sendKeys ("tutorial");* isDisplayed() is used when you want to verify whether a certain element is displayed or not before executing a command. aot //d0 something here Iwhile (driver. findElement (By. id("username")) .isDisplayed()) * isSelected() is used when you want to verify whether a certain check box, radio button, or option in a drop-down box is selected. It does not work on other elements. //Mone-way" and "two-way" are radio buttons if (driver. tindBiement (By.id("one-way")) .tsSelected()) ¢ driver. findElement (By. id("two-way")) .click()? » Using ExpectedConditions The ExpectedConditions class offers a wider set of conditions that you can use in conjunction with WebDriverWait’s until() method. Below are some of the most common ExpectedConditions methods. ¢_alertisPresent() - waits until an alert box is displayed, TE (myWaitvar anvil ExpecctedConditions alertisPzesent()) |= mall) ¢ System. cut.printia ("alert is preseat!"|; © elementToBeClickable() - Waits until an element is visible and, at the same time, enabled, The sample Selenium Code below will wait until the element with id="username” to become visible and enabled first before assigning that element as a WebElement variable named “txtUserName”. cal (ExpectedConditions WebElenent txtUserName = myWaitvar. -elenentToBeClickable By. ia("asexname"))); * frameToBeAvailableAndSwitchTolt() - Waits until the given frame is already available, and then automatically switches to it. ‘This wil avtomatically switch to the 'MICWIFRAME” Frame once if becomes availanle. myWaitVar.untal (ExpectedConditions : frameToBeavailableAndSvitchTolt ("viewIFRAME"))? Catching Exceptions When using isEnabled)), isDisplayed(), and isSelected(), WebDriver assumes that the element already exists on the page. Otherwise, it will throw a NoSuchElementException. To avoid this, we should use a try-catch block so that the program will not be interrupted.WebElement txtbox_usernane = driven. findElenent (By.id("usernane")); try, if (textbox _username.isénabled()){ ‘txtbox_usernane, sendKeys ("tutorial"); x > catch(NoSuchElenentException nsee){ Systen.out .printIn(nsee. tostring()); ) Ifyou use explicit waits, the type of exception that you should catch is the “TimeoutException”. WebDriverWait myWaitVar = new WebDriverWait (driver, 3); try ¢ myWaitVar.until (ExpectedConditions. visibilityOfElementLocated(By sid ("username"))); driver. findElenent (By. id("username")).sendKeys("cutoriai"); } catch (TimeoutException toe) { Systemroue-prinein (toe. toString()) + Summary © Tostart using the WebDriver API, you must import at least these two packages. © org.openga.selenium* © org.openga.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver * The get() method is the equivalent of Selenium IDE’s “open” command. * Locating elements in WebDriver is done by using the findElement() method. © The following are the available options for locating elements in WebDriver: * By.className © By.cssSelector © By.id © By.linkText * By.name © By.partialLinkText * By.tagName * By.xpath * The By.cssSelector() does not support the “contains” feature. © You can instantiate an element using the WebElement class. © Clicking on an element is done by usingthe click() method. © WebDriver provides these useful get commands: * get() © getTitle() © getPageSource()getcurrenturiy getText() Webbriver provides these useful navigation commands navigatel).forward\) navigate().back() navigate().to() navigate().refresh() The close() and quit() methods are used to close browser windows. Close() | is used to close a single window; while quit()_ is used to close all windows associated to the parent window that the WebDriver object was controlling. The switchTo().frame() and switchTo().atert() methods are used to direct WebDriver's focus onto a frame or alert. respectivelv.