February 09, 2023

CE 38 – Testing of Materials
LABORATORY REPORT
ACTIVITY NO. 1

Submitted by:

Camanian, Kimuel S.
BSCE 2B
Friday 1:00 PM – 4:00 PM

(Group no. 1)

Cortel, Janah Marie T.

Ranara, Althea Janine N.
Remirata, Princess Angel S.
2 page

Table of Contents Page No.

I. Introduction………..................................................................................................3
II. Procedure………………………………………………………………………………...3
III. Test Results…………………………………………………………………………..3 - 6
IV. Discussion of Results……………………………………………………………………7
V. Conclusion and Recommendation…………………………………………………….7
VI. Appendices……………………………………………………………………………….7
VII. Reference……………………………………………………………………………...…8
VIII. Documentation………………………………………………………………………...…9

Janah Marie T. Cortel - The Title Page/Cover Page, Table of

Contents, and Procedure

Kimuel S. Camanian – Introduction and Conclusion and

Recommendation

Althea Janine N. Ranara – Test Results

Princess Angel S. Remirata – Discussion Results

3 page

I. Introduction

Its compulsory for engineering students to have lecture subjects with laboratory as part of
the course. And these require students to use laboratory equipment more often depending on
the activity given. And that students need to understand and familiarize its function and its
use. As for this activity, it aims to accomplish familiarization of material testing apparatus and
equipment.

II. Procedure

1. The material testing

laboratory of CE Department
was visited and photos were
taken of the available testing
equipment based on the lecture 3. Further details on the
notes. And a nearby equipment parts and its
Government Testing Laboratory equivalent ASTM or AASHTO
was also visited. standards was searched
through the internet.
2. The laboratory
technician/instructor was
interviewed with regards to the
equipment’s specific uses and
quality control to achieve best
results.

III. Test Results

Table 1. Common Quality Control Test Equipment and Apparatus with their respective
AASHTO and ASTM Designation
Gradation / Sieves AASHTO T 27-74 ASTM C 136-76
Slump Test Apparatus AASHTO T 119 ASTM C 143
Vicat needle Apparatus AASHTO T 131-06 ASTM C 191
Gillmore needle Apparatus AASHTO T 154 ASTM C266
Los Angeles abrasion Machine AASHTO – T96
Moisture-density relations of soils AASHTO T99 and T180
apparatus
California bearing ratio (CBR) AASHTO T193 ASTM D 1883-21
Apparatus
Field Density Test – Sand Cone AASHTO T191 ASTM D1556
Method
Marshall Stability AASHTO T245
Bitumen Extraction AASHTO MT 307-04
Flexural Strength Test machine AASHTO T 177
(Center point Loading)
Flexural Strength Test machine AASHTO T 97
(Third point Loading)
Compressive Strength Machine AASHTO T22
Pavement Core Drilling Machine AASHTO T24
Universal Testing Machine
4 page

Gradation / Sieves – an equipment used in civil engineering to assess the

particle size distribution of a granular material by allowing the material to
pass a series of sieves of progressively smaller mesh size and weighing
the amount of a material that is not filtered by each sieve as a part of the
whole mass [2].

_________________________________________________________________________

Slump Test Apparatus – measures fresh concrete consistency before it sets. It’s used to
check the workability of freshly made concrete [7].
_________________________________________________________________________

Vicat needle Apparatus – a device used to determine the normal

consistency and time of setting of Portland cements with rods weighing
300 grams, and a needle in each end, and support in each frame with
graduated scale to measure the length of needle penetration of the
cement [11].

_________________________________________________________________________

Gillmore needle Apparatus – measures the setting time of the cements [3].

_________________________________________________________________________

Los Angeles abrasion Machine – measure the breakdown of mineral

aggregates of standard gradings as a result from abrasion and grinding
in rotating steel drum [4].

_________________________________________________________________________

Moisture-density relations of soils apparatus – determine the relationship

between the moisture content and density of compacted soil [8].

_________________________________________________________________________
5 page

California bearing ratio (CBR) Apparatus – used to test the yield relative
strength of soils and base course materials based on the penetration
resistance [9].

_________________________________________________________________________

Field Density Test – Sand Cone Method – used to determine the dry
density of soil or pavement to evaluate the degree of compaction
achieved during the construction process [12].

_________________________________________________________________________

Marshal Test – used in routine test programs for the paving jobs. It
attempts to get the optimum binder content for the aggregate mix type
and traffic intensity [10].

_________________________________________________________________________

Bitumen Extraction – used to measure the percentage of bitumen

content present in the asphaltic pavement by cold extraction [13].

_________________________________________________________________________

Flexural Strength Test machine (Center point Loading) – it precisely tests

the flexure of beams and the compressive strength of low-strength
specimens like grout, pavers and
cubes [6].

_________________________________________________________________________
6 page

Flexural Strength Test machine (Third point Loading) – it consists of a

simply supported beam where a force is applied across a plate that
contacts the specimen at two points to determine the flexural strength
of the concrete [1].

_________________________________________________________________________

Compressive Strength Machine – a universal testing machines built to

evaluate static compressive strength characteristics of materials [14].

_________________________________________________________________________

Pavement Core Drilling Machine – produced to cut cores up to 200 mm

diameter from concrete, asphalt and similar hard construction materials
[15].

_________________________________________________________________________

Universal Testing Machine – it can perform multiple standard tensile and

compression tests on materials [5].

_________________________________________________________________________
7 page

IV. Discussion of Results

The CE Department material testing laboratory was visited and photos were taken of
the equipment present in the facility. The instructor explained the testing equipment’s
functionality and its use. Notes were taken during the discussion to aid in familiarization. The
definitions and other details about the material testing laboratory in table 1 were obtained in
the internet. Table 1 shows the common quality control test equipment and apparatus with
their respective AASHTO and ASTM designation. The descriptions of the equipment from the
internet were shown above. Gradation assesses the particle size distribution of a granular
material [1], Universal Testing Machine or UTM tests compressive and tensile strength of
materials [15], marshal test attempts to get the optimum binder content for the aggregate mix
type and traffic intensity [9], etc. Each equipment has their own role in construction process.

V. Conclusion and Recommendation

The visitation done and the activity given aid in the familiarization of the equipment.
The written report given reinforces students’ ability to recall the equipment’s use and
functionality. Better familiarization of information requires active use of the info. On this basis,
future activity should require students actively use the information given.

VI. Appendices

Gradation / Vicat needle Gillmore needle Los Angeles

Sieves Apparatus Apparatus abrasion Machine

Moisture-density California bearing

relations of soils ratio (CBR)
apparatus Apparatus Field Density Test Marshal Test

Flexural Strength Flexural Strength

Test machine Test machine
Bitumen (Center point (Third point Compressive
Extraction Loading) Loading) Strength Machine

Pavement Core Universal Testing

Drilling Machine Machine
8 page

VII. Reference

1. American Concrete Pavement Association. (n.d.). Construction.

http://metiebar.acpa.org/Concrete_Pavement/Technical/FATQ/Construction/Strength
_Tests.asp#:~:text=In%20third%20point%20loading%2C%20the,the%20third%2Dpoi
nt%20test%20results.
2. Amsterdam, Errol Van (2000). Construction Materials for Civil Engineering. Juta and
Company Ltd. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-7021-5213-9.
3. Bareille, R., Henocq-Pigasses, C., Jacquart, S., & Siadous, R. (2013). Composition
and properties of silver-containing calcium carbonate–calcium phosphate bone
cement. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 24(12)
DOI:10.1007/s10856-013-5014-2
4. CMT Calibrations. (n.d.). LA Abrasion Machine. CMT Equipment Materials Testing
Equipment. https://cmtequipment.com.au/product/la-abrasion-machine
5. Davis, Joseph R. (2004), Tensile testing (2nd ed.), ASM International,
p. 2, ISBN 978-0-87170-806-9.
6. Forney. (n.d.). Flexural Testing Machine. https://forneyonline.com/machine-
types/flexural-machines/
7. Gambhir, M. L. (2004). Concrete technology. Tata McGraw-Hill. pp. 127,
128. ISBN 9780070583740. Retrieved 2010-12-11.
8. Geotechnical Testing Equipment. (n.d.). Dry Density, Moisture Relationship,
Standard and Modified Proctor Mold. Geotechnical Testing Equipment the Best in
Test. https://geotechnical-equipment.com/product/dry-density-moisture-relationship-
standard-and-modified-proctor-mold/
9. Gilson. (n.d.). California Bearing Ratio (CBR). Gilson Company, INC.
https://www.globalgilson.com/california-bearing-ratio-cbr-testing-equipment
10. Jamal, H. (2017, April 27). To Perform Marshall Stability Test (ASTM D6927).
AboutCivil.com. https://www.aboutcivil.org/marshall-stability-test-astm-d6927-06-
standard.html
11. Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Vicat apparatus. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary.
Retrieved February 10, 2023, from https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/Vicat%20apparatus
12. Mo Civil Engineering. (n.d.). Field Density Test – Sand Cone Method.
https://mocivilengineering.com/field-density-test-sand-cone-method/
13. Rahman, F. U. (n.d.). Bitumen Extraction Test. The Constructor.
https://theconstructor.org/practical-guide/bitumen-extraction-test/37294/
14. Test Resources. (n.d.). Compression Test Machines.
https://www.testresources.net/test-machines/by-test-type/compression-test-
machines/
15. Testmak. (n.d.). Pavement Core Drilling Machine.
https://www.testmak.com/Pavement-Core-Drilling-Machine
9 page

VIII. Documentation