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Class 12 Physics Formula Sheet

Excellent formula sheet for class 12 physics.

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Cat123
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2K views

Class 12 Physics Formula Sheet

Excellent formula sheet for class 12 physics.

Uploaded by

Cat123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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Formula Sheet CLASS 12 4- Electnic Changes and fields Changes Like ChOTges repel eoch other + ike cparg Positive & Negative Urntike charges wtiract each ovhes charges Changes 9 6 Properties of change I I 1 Quantisetion Additivety Conservation Gre = Ey total charge of an (solated wheae, "= 01,2 a system 1¥ constont ets on change of @=1-6X10O°%C electhon wy Coulomb's [ou K 99> kK =_t = 9x 109 N-mP/ce nt UTE, Vector form, qe 2 = 7 <—_a —~ Fet K G19 ty 2 Principle of Superposition , Fy Cra Fo* ais why, 4b, 2 Nyy By blectue field EF = F Jon qo 7 Vector form, test chorge 1 Fy t Pig t F by = 8.854 x 107 c2/N-m2 E+ 2 ¢ ure, n> oy Relative Penvnitivi by = fo = Punmitivity sm free spoce E = Permitivity em mrectiom tanear Choage density A-ay/ol , 9 ~ afat Surface Cnarte densi! a dg/dA , 42 «faa Volume Charge densith ? = ag/av | + 42 Pov Py Electnic field due toa system of change ge vsion —Iuir ta) - = a on Pisa point where ux want 2 find. Electne i i amt, sa np ? fied due system of ‘a! charges & Elecite dipole moment nie | Com dimension — CATLT - < 2a ——> r= 2400) Umit veclon im cincction of & B BY Clectnic field cue 19 a depole P ti) AL axtal position (ii) AL equatonial position = > > 2 Foyt = LL 2p E eu —-p. YTTE, HE ume, 3 ey Tongue on a dipole un a external unifonm field T= pesine) or [T= PXxe ey Anea vecton & solid Angle dw = dé jor |dw = Acoso fo ine R= unit vector > angie between HRA Electnic flux $= fe cA | on | = feancose Umit ~ N-m*/e dimension ~ [mu3 1-34!) ey Gauss Theorem b, = : f dR Sy Vépplication of gauss’s law Ww Fleld due to an infinitely long stnaight uniformly chan ged "wire. ) Aue te unifounly char onfinite plone healt t yea f Gt) Field due 16 uniformly charged thin spherical shell (a) Oulside the shell Cn>R) (6) Ab suface (=k) Coun = (NM) Field due to solid uon- conducting sphere (a) Outside the shell (#>R) (6) At susface (n= Rk) c P out ~ <— Eun? LE & Ege Tit £, 3 At an internal Point CHPotentiat a Grodient Sr Electnic Potential as Lineon Integral 1 4% UTMbo Pr Electnic Potentiol at a point alue to a Point- charge | \) - Pr Electnic Potential due to an Electnic Dipole SyElectnostatic Potential énengy (a) End on position Vit tleonek, Us f[ %O une, # is (6) Equatorial Wine [Vv =0 (C) At any point Vv i PCos6 YITéy ht? Wonk done in Rotating an Electnic Mipole |W ~ be (cose, - Cos) (@) 6=0 |w = pe Ci- cose) | thy O= G0" [W = pe | (c) 0-180" |W = 2pe 2 Polentiat Energy of an electric dipole Us bE (oso @@ 0-0 [D=-pe] & 0-90 [0-0] ©) e180" [v= bE SCapocity of au isolated Sphenical Conductor Cc. S Potential Energy of G changed conductor 3 -———-—> ial 4] E, A Bélectnical Capacitance us Lavforlu = 197 )ox|U = Lev" 2 oC d Capoctionce of Parallel - Plate Capacitor of a charged parallel plate Capacitor C= KEA) Keto [Oy> ga] [C= KO F=1qe a d. 2 Be Force between me plates & Enengy density Ad * Capauity of Parallel Plate Capacitor Portly “filled uth Dielectric substance Capacitors in Series Let; Gc YC; Capacitor in parallel [C= C+ O 4G Cunnent Clactnicity SS Electhic current I-Q& Tli) = Limw BOT Net change + F | _gtime intenval % Ohm's low =RI] R= Resitance Specific Resitance Pe —m_ C Resistivity) ib net % Duift velouty : Vy = mL % Cument density fe L A You & Relation between i and neAy, > Relaton bet ween f aud v y Mobility |(u)- Vy : me et E yn. Specific conductance aren re nerT Fr mM Dependence of Resistance on temperature Re = Ry C14 xt) X = Ri-ka | & = Temperature cofficient RX t of nesistonce % Combivation of Resistances MB Oynamie %q = AV Resistance 44 A) In Serres (B) In Parallel R= Ry +t Rt Re fe teted ees S Electnic Power [? +] P2 PRs £ seme ofa cell fe - wl] %& erectuie y Energy HP Tenmnal Potential arfference LE = Vit Vat Vy t Vi, Va, Vy iV = E-in & Kinchoff's (aur f. EL=0 ith, ~ hz - ig - tg #0 2 EGR Seek Wheatstone Bridge Meter Budge & Potentiometen STempenatune dependency of Resistivity P= B (it alt-b)) bee iy & = Er E] [ta Ra + CL, Fa) Ry = B= ak: Q s oe $ ne itm Riot Savant law Relation between Uy and E, Magnetic field along me axis of a cumnent - ent Crneular coil = Me 20Nio - UyNia* = Penmeability of 47 (atin)? 2 fo0+x3)? free space SH Ampene's Cincuétal law Bol = Mod] ¢,= Penmittivity of free space’ BF Magnetic field due to an infinitely > Mel long straight current - Cannying wine ERIE Baagnetic field fnside a long solenoid B= Mont, SyMaguetic field due to a toroid (Endless) Solenoid [B= u, ni SmMaynetic field outside He toroid [= 0 Blonentz force F= qv F = gV8 Sino BMation of a changed Particle im a Uniform Electwic field ye 26 ye SE Kepmvr | y wee amv? 2my* a 1, Panaltel to the field [f= 0] |2 Penpendiculan to the field . Mfagonal to the field K>1mv? on v= [2K seley f vs PP = veos@ y 21m a “vs A> musing T= gitm 48 48 Cyclotron Kmmar © 22 8°R* 2m SFoxce on a current carrying conductor F = iBUSind Magnetic field at the centre of B= Mai] og |B > Hoe = Me NE O Current - Carrying Cimcular loop or coll 20 Ro vg BMagnetic field due toa stvargnt Cuxnent [6 > us 1 (Sing, + Sings) Conny ing Conductor of fiwite length 4m 1 Bp Tonque on 0 Box Mognet M=nia] [f= MBsimo] Potential Enengy of @ Magnetic Dipole [J, = - ma cosa in an external? Magnetic field BMagnetic field Intensity due to magnetic dipoles moving coil Galvanometer (a) énd on posiiion B= Mo 2M # deflection > = Mae ana formule K % CUnrenE 2 alls senstivily z ~~ voltage = senstivity v (b) 6road- side-on position Magnetic dipole moment of Kevolving electron = = Magnetic field at m> ~¢ 7 {3 = mh & n=! fon nin} centre of a long an ame solenoid Bonn Magneton |Mynin* wehe=s B = Mont [Cos6,-cosd,] UT me g Motion in combined electric and magnetic field Fe a (e+ex8) = Fy tlm t c* Magnetism and. Matter } Ban Magnet as equivalent solenoid B= etl 4m 1 Hoxizontal component of orth's Magnetic field Oe = (apa ay = Tn Ee Bu % Intensity of Magnetisation SS Magnetic Tntensity H T Vv Gad A, SRelative Magnetic Permeability [u, « 4] [un = E] Aw density 8 Ho My <1 (Qiamagnetic ) Uy>L (Paramapuetic) u,>>1 (Pennomagnetic) By Magnetic Susceptibility re * yRelation between My, and ty My = lt ty Sycunie's law |T = ¢ (4) . syOipole in unifonm mognevic field [6 = 4IL*r | 9 = Moment of mr ynentia ‘srauss Low for magnetism for ang closed surface b,- $ BaP = 0 PrMagnetic flux Py Induced CME Sy Trduced change Electnomagnebic Induction BA COSD at Nab.) Stnduced Current at qe N dy Sy Induced EME acnoss the Gnds of a Sénnight Condueton sett inductance BYSelf inductonce of a long Solenoid Byenergy stoned ina coil L= No, | i aiJat € = Bri Bsely inductonce of a Plone coil C= Me TNs V+ tlie 2 PyMutuat Inductance |M = Node bs Py Inductors in Senies [L~ Lit ba Ms 0, | Sh Inductors te Parallel | l= Lits Ais fat SAutual Inductance of two Coaxial Solenoids SY Enengy Consideration Lith, M = Ma NINa A M_= Mon Na A i m p= pry) [a9 = Ade) ra P = Power Sy Inductance when current flowing in both coil e lydia - M, din ai at OR EMF = Self + Mutual Inductance Inductance Alternating Canrent Aliennating Voltage Le. = BAD i, = 0-637 i, 3 ean Value of Alternating Current | in = a TT Sp Root- Mean- Square Volue of Alternating Current Sp Pentodic Time T+ a BS Prequency o MST] ogee hn ie Wat 2 iWsiay 2 i ‘nine * bons * fs BY Versa ~ Yams ie Inductive Reactonce [X= wh= 20 fL] BpCopacitive Resistance When Land R in senies Wp When Cand R tn senies | Syapedance = R24 (wt)* Smmpedance we ret we “Phase angle jiang = wl Prose angle tong 1 R wR When L and C in series when 1,0, R an cenies Resovo wt frtLfe Tmpedence R ( rpaequenip gmvlc L = Inductance | Phase angle dang = wh-t_ C = Capacitonce we R= Resistance £ Sh Semies L-0-R Resonant cincult a a an antic Bh Powen in AC circuit —y Whew cimcuit contains Pure nesistance only [P= Vorns® Lams 2 When ciweuit contains Land R both | P= Vm X “ums * 59] | coop = _R pa Rew Wp Wattiess cunment [P= Vans X tums (O810°= 0 S band widh | Aw - w,-0, 2 S Qualety factor SP Tnansfonmen Efficiency, = Mek Vo tip Sle. &. Mm. ip. Ms Me Yo. ci tna, Elacknompaic Waves Pyisplacement current Sy Maxwell Equations b Gauss law of electnicity & Gauss law of Magnetism 5 Fanaday's law of Electromagnetic induction G dl = uy (it tg) e=-dde 4. Ampene's Marwell ciacuttal law We RE” fick > L Zz i Z Brenengy density in electromagnetic waves &E*| lum? LB . aa We = Electaical Energy density Um * Magnetic Energy olensity, ued a are: B roa g By Focal length of Sphesical minnon By minnon equation | 1 v fin f° focal tengta 2 A= nadius of curvature fox both Concave aud Convex mirror, Py Linear Moguification Sy Snell's tow oe Ma relation between Cuitical angle aud Refractive index ang >_L alye ce Xan, = 7 n aNyy 2 angle of incident n= angle of reflection Sine SY thin lens fon muta Se magnipication [m= y. - % |] tye for lent yu Py Powen of tens PY focal length of Convex tens by displacement method Sr for combination of lenses Powen Pe Pit Ppt Pat f£* ta 4a Py Refraction at a sphenical susface mM » Mm Mag wif ication m= mM mM, My Preefnnctive index of the prism = Sin [4 + ba) 2 Sink) SpOispersive power of G phism ye u £ Derivation oy a thin prism bm (n- A By Rayleigh's Scattering law Ww: Ny-Ne ny -1 KK Wave Optics PY Huygen's Prinetpal of Secondary waves Liz] i= incident angle , x= xeflected angle , 4M, * Kefnactive ‘index Bsind 2 wi = constont (My = UL + welocity of Tight an Finst medium, Sinn Vr Un velocity of light xh second medium % = nefractive index S Optical Pat ckt= nd] d= distome C= velocity of light SF Refractive index of waten néelative to ain [n= A_|oR|Ay = A Aw SY Trtenfenence T+ I, 1,4 2/17 Cosd DY Positions of Bnight fringes fe = DA] SFainge Width d d BY displacement of fringe thickness of plate 2 Dela Ds d BY Positions of Dank fringes an T) Da] SAngulan Fuinge - Width 2 oA W(n-) Bp Diffraction of light due to a single slit Losing = esing = Gams) Be Angular width of Central maximum BB Linean width of Central maximum Resolving powen of Telescope | 122A | %# Fnesnel olistance |x; =e? a A Bp Resolving powen of microscope |1.22.A | 8 Doppler Effect velocity Ad 2 ~ Vnadicat Brewster's law u= tamig y c Change im frequency Maximum Kinetic Enengy of Photoelectrons Threshold Wavelength Ao > [> Thneshold frequency Ws hve Ex= h(v- %) 2 instein’s Photoelectnic Equation = Ploneke coustont W = Wonk function , & a Enengy c= hy = he] 3 Momentum A wave nature of Pantie [A= 4 | [A> B may Jamk ¥ e= 16xio'tc x 10°3" Joule / see 16x (0° Joule 6-6 = 95X10! ky lev: A= 2d Sino Bragg Equation 5 Heisenbeng’s Vacentainty principle Awap = fh | or [ta] Alpha Pauticle scattering. and Rutherford Nucleak model of atom % Relation between oxbit Hadius and electron volocity fox hydnogen atom f= 2e)( ze Ue, 1 Sh Kinetic Enengy fox Hydrogen ator k>_e?__ | % Total KiU STEh energy Potential Enengy fox Hydrogen atom Hae? E = ro BTM Eo S Bonn's atomic Model | mun = nh] 20 Velocity of Electnon tn Slationony onbit SH tnengy of Electron Pm stationary axbits S Tonisation Energy | En Wave numben Slywan Sentes Hhalman serves BPaschen Se nies BBnackett Sentes SPfumd Senies Ac R- n= quantum nuseber m Rydberg constant 9,3,4. 3, 4,5 __— 3 Size of nucleus = pax? m , — f fenmi = 1o%m A] %o Jomu + 1-66 x (0°77 ky lu xc? = 931 Mev = Atomic mass umt SS Mass energy Le me) Nucleon Binding Energy [An = [Zmp +(A-Z) m,) = M Sh binding Energy LE, + AMC") whAinding Enengy Pen Nucleon | &,,, 4 OM= Mass defect SS Theony of xeletivity é Sp Rutherford ond Soddy laws | N= Noe BMass Energy Relation [AE = Ame* SS Half life . : 31) S$ Avenage life = 1) Lre osgare A ss Rate of deca dN = Re lectnécal Conductivity — Enengy band gop for Resistivity Metals fg = 0 de = bg tle Ag > Emitten Cunsent Sewdconducton fg < 3eV 4g Base current Onsulaton by > Bev fig = Collector curnent denen diode | R= Vin- Ve ara hey amie Chonactexstics of Tnansistor SAC Cunnent Gam — |B (00) “Se 8 Input Resistance | &, = fee] Yee Aig BAC Voltage Gain dig” Rin Out Resistance Rk, AV, mes , [4M a | [At Powen Gain = p20) X fester Goie Aig Cunnert gain in common | 8 * [4] Rout = Resistance Goin Va Emitter Configuration fin SH Collecton-to- emitter Voltage % Cunrent tnonsfer Ratio SS Cunnent Amplification factor %[men, = 1° Me = no, of free electnons , y= no. of holes , 7; >= Inininsic cannier PW Table: Surmmany of Devices concentration trate] logic logic Touis tabie syimbot voniabls | Trout | Output w_ 6 | po fee TEL ny ol 3

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