CHAPTER III

PROJECT DESIGN

This chapter includes detailed design analysis of the project. The design is

subjected in three options concerning sanitary engineering design considerations. The

design specification is presented with bill of materials and cost estimate and other

considerations are sited for better comparison among the three different designs.

Proposed Site Development Plan

The proposed Communal Toilet Facility and septic system shall be constructed in

Born Again Badjao Community in Sitio Callejon Libjo Batangas City. The strategic

location of the proposed project is shown in Figure 4. The considerations in the selection

of the location are the following: (1) the toilet facility should be placed in easily

accessible to people in the community. (2) The proposed location of the system is

located near the creek that will be the discharge point. (3) The septic system should be

away from water supply system of the community or other means water supply sources

like deep wells and hand pumps.

Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
15

Figure 4. Site Development Plan

Design 1 Plan and Specification (Communal Toilet and Septic System)

A. Perspective

The communal toilet facility has an area of 20m 2 with dimensions of 5m x

4m and a height of 3m respectively. It has two separate rooms for male and

female users; inside each room is compose of water closet, lavatory and slope

sink. The communal toilet facility also has a rainwater harvesting system as a

source of alternative water supply for flushing and cleaning purposes. The

roofing of the communal toilet facility is modified by installing corrugated

fiberglass that acts as natural lighting during daytime and windows for ventilation.

The perspective of the communal toilet facility is shown in Figure 5 below.

Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
16

Figure 5. Perspective View of the Communal Toilet Facility Design 1

The alternative source of water supply of the communal toilet facility is a

rainwater harvesting system shown in Figure 6. The collected rainwater will be used as

alternative water for flushing and cleaning. The size of the water tank is 2m diameter

with a height of 2m respectively and has a .6m diameter manhole access for

maintenance of the tank. The rainwater harvesting system is located in the back of the

communal toilet facility and the collection pipes are connected in the down spout of the

roof of the facility. It also has a primary treatment (filtration) before its store in the

storage water tank.

Figure 6. Components of Rainwater Harvesting System Design 1

Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
17

B. Proposed Layout Facilities

Architectural Plan

Architectural plan is a graphic description of architectural elements of a

building project, which includes sketches, drawings with details. In the Figure 7

shown, the floor plan of proposed communal toilet facility has an area of 20 sq.

meters, with the dimension of 5 x 4 meters. The toilet is divided into two portions;

one for intended for men, and the other room will be used by the women of the

community. All in all the communal toilet facility comprises of five water closets,

six lavatories, one urinal, two slops sinks and three floor drains. The number of

fixtures is based on Chapter 29 Table 2902.1 of Oregon Structural Specialty

Code (See on Appendix A).

Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
18

Figure 7. Floor Plan Design 1

Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
19

Water Supply Layout

The purpose of the water supply system is to deliver water to consumer

with appropriate quality, quantity and pressure. Water supply layout shows the

design or layout of pipes, sizing and fittings. In Figure 8 below show the water

supply layout of the proposed communal toilet facility. It has a 25mm diameter

PVC pipe, 25mm 90° Elbow, 25mm Tee, water meter, check and gate valves.

The pipe size is based on Table 6-6 of Uniform Plumbing Code (See on

Appendix A).

Figure 8. Water Supply Layout Design 1

Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
20

Drainage and Vent Layout

Drain and Vent systems maintain air pressure in drains, allowing free flow

of water and sewage down drains and through waste pipes by gravity. It is critical

that a sufficient downward slope be maintained throughout, to keep the liquid and

solid waste flowing easily to the main drain. As shown in Figure 9 below, the

drainage and ventilation layout of the proposed communal toilet facility. The

communal toilet facility has 80mm diameter PVC pipe, 65mm diameter vent,

80mm 45° Elbow, 80mm Wye and 80mm cleanout plug. The size of pipes is

based on Table 7-5 of Uniform Plumbing Code (See on Appendix A).

Figure 9. Drainage & Ventilation Layout Design 1

Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
21

Septic Tank Plan and Specifications

Septic tank is a water tight container made of bricks, concrete, PVC or

plastic. It is the most common small-scale decentralised treatment unit for

greywater and blackwater. In Figure 10 and 11, shows the septic tank plan and

specification, which include the structural design of the proposed septic system

or septic tank. The septic tank was divided in three portions, the digestion

chamber, leaching and secondary leaching chamber, it also have three .6 x .6

meters manhole, 80mm diameter vent pipes. The septic tank is made of concrete

with 12mm diameter horizontal bar at every 2 layer of concrete hollow blocks and

0.15 m concrete slab with 12mm diameter deformed bars at 0.20m on the center.

The capacity of septic tank is based on Table 1 Chapter XVII of P. D. 856 (See

on Appendix A).

Figure 10. Septic Tank Elevation Plan & Specification Design 1

Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
22

Figure 11. Septic Tank Plan View & Specification Design 1

Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
23

C. Bill of Materials and Cost Estimate

Table 1 – Bill of Material and Cost Estimate Design 1

Septic Tank
Material Qty Unit Unit price (php) Amount (php)
CHB (40cm x 10cm x 20cm) 314 pc P 10.00 P 3,140.00
#16 G.I. Wire 4 kg P 80.00 P 320.00
12mm Ø Steel Bars 55 pc P 175.00 P 9,625.00
Cement (50kg Bag) 50 bag P 270.00 P 13,500.00
Sand 4 m3 P 825.00 P 3,300.00
Gravel 3 m
3
P 950.00 P 2,850.00
Total P 32,735.00
Water Supply
Material Qty Unit Unit price (php) Amount (php)
Gate Valve (25mm) 3 pc P 605.00 P 1,815.00
Check Valve (25mm) 1 pc P 750.00 P 750.00
Water Meter (3/4 in) 1 pc P 1,600.00 P 1,600.00
Water Closet (Flush Tank) 5 pc P 3,300.00 P 16,500.00
Urinal 1 pc P 3,045.00 P 3,045.00
Lavatory 6 pc P 1,500.00 P 9,000.00
Faucet/ House Bib 2 pc P 500.00 P 1,000.00
Elbow (90°) 14 pc P 13.00 P 182.00
Tee (25mm) 13 pc P 14.50 P 188.50
PVC Pipe (25mm) 8 pc P 92.75 P 742.00
Total P 34,822.00
Drainage and Vent
Material Qty Unit Unit price (php) Amount (php)
Wye (80mm) 19 pc P 650.00 P 12,350.00
Elbow (45°)(80mm) 24 pc P 530.00 P 12,720.00
P-Trap (80mm) 3 pc P 950.00 P 2,850.00
Clean Plug-ins (80mm) 3 pc P 150.00 P 450.00
Tee (80mm) 1 pc P 690.00 P 690.00
PVC Pipe (80mm) 10 pc P 600.00 P 6,000.00
Total P 35,090.00
Labor
Workers Qty Rate (per Days of Work Amount (php)
day) (Days)
Skilled 3 P 500.00 30 P 45000.00
Laborer 2 P 350.00 30 P 21,000.00
Total P 66,000.00
Grand Total P 168,647.00
Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
24

Table 1 show the bill of materials and cost estimate of the proposed communal

toilet facility and Septic system (Design 1). The grand total of the project is P

102,647.00, which includes all the materials to be use in the proposed project.

Design 2 Plans and Specification (Typical Toilet with Communal Septic System)

A. Perspective

In Figure 12 below shows the perspective view of the proposed typical

toilet for every household in the community. The typical toilet has an area of 1.4

sq. meters with a dimension of 1.2 x 1.2 meters.

Figure 12. Perspective of Typical Toilet

B. Proposed layout of Facilities

Architectural Plan

In Figure 13 shows the layout of fixture and area of Design 2 (Typical

Toilet with Communal Septic System). The proposed typical toilet for every

household has an area of 1.4 sq. meters with a dimension of 1.2 x 1.2 meters. It
Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
25

has a urinal, lavatory and a hose bib. The area of the typical toilet is in

accordance to Section 806 of Building Code (See in Appendix A).

Figure 13. Floor Plan Design 2

Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
26

Water Supply Layout

The water supply of the proposed typical toilet is connected in each

household. In Figure 14 shows the water supply layout of the proposed typical

toilet for every household. The layout includes the layout of piping, sizes of pipes,

and the fitting to be used. The sizes of the pipe based on Table 6-6 of Uniform

Plumbing Code (See on Appendix A).

Figure 14. Water Supply Layout Design 2

Drainage and Vent Layout

The drainage or drainage pipe will cater wastewater form water closet,

lavatory drain and floor drain while the ventilation pipe will maintain the air

pressure to prevent backflow and back siphonage. Drainage and vent layout of
Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
27

the proposed typical toilet is shown in Figure 15. The size of drain pipe is 50 mm

diameter; vent pipe is 40mm diameter and fitting. The sizes of the pipes and

fitting are based on Table 7-5 of Uniform Plumbing Code (See on Appendix A).

Figure 15. Drainage and Vent Layout Design 2

Septic Tank Plan and Specification

In Figure 16 and 17 shows the plan and specification of the communal

septic tank or septic system. The septic tank is divided in two chambers, a

digestion chamber and leaching chamber. It has two .6 x .6 meter manhole and

two 80mm diameter vent pipes. The septic tank is made of concrete with 12mm

diameter horizontal bar at every 2 layer of concrete hollow blocks and 0.15 m

concrete slab with 12mm diameter deformed bars at 0.20m on the center. The
Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
28

capacity of septic tank is based on Table 1 Chapter XVII of P. D. 856 (See on

Appendix A).

Figure 16. Septic Tank Elevation Plan and Specification Design 2

Figure 17. Septic Tank Plan and Specification Design 2

C. Bill of Materials and Cost Estimate

Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
29

Table 2 – Bill of Materials and Cost Estimate Design 2

Septic Tank
Material Qty Unit Unit price (php) Amount (php)
CHB (40cm x 10cm x 20cm) 277 pc P 10.00 P 2,770.00
#16 G.I. Wire 4 kg P 80.00 P 320.00
12mm Ø Steel Bars 51 pc P 175.00 P 9,625.00
Cement (50kg Bag) 46 bag P 270.00 P 13,500.00
Sand 4 m3 P 825.00 P 3,300.00
Gravel 3 m
3
P 950.00 P 2,850.00
Total P 32,365.00
Water Supply (For every household)
Material Qty Unit Unit price (php) Amount (php)
Water Closet (Flush Tank) 1 pc P 3,300.00 P 3,300.00
Lavatory 1 pc P 1,500.00 P 1,500.00
Faucet/ House Bib 1 pc P 500.00 P 500.00
Elbow (90°) 5 pc P 13.00 P 65.00
Tee (20mm) 2 pc P 14.50 P 29.00
PVC Pipe (20mm) 2 pc P 92.75 P 185.50
Total P 5,579.00
Drainage and Vent (For Every Household)
Material Qty Unit Unit price (php) Amount (php)
Wye (80mm) 3 pc P 650.00 P 1,950.00
Elbow (80mm) 4 pc P 530.00 P 2,120.0
P-Trap (80mm) 1 pc P 950.00 P 950.00
Clean Plug-ins (80mm) 3 pc P 150.00 P 450.00
Tee (80mm) 1 pc P 690.00 P 690.00
PVC Pipe (80mm) 4 pc P 600.00 P 2,400.00
Total P 8,560.00

Table 2 show the bill of materials and cost estimate of Design 2, the cost

estimate in water supply, drainage and vent is for every household. The community have

15 households the grand total for the water supply is P 83,685.00 and P 128,400.00 for

drainage and ventilation.

Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
30

Design 3 Plans and Specification (Communal Toilet & bath and Septic System)

A. Perspective

In Figure 18 shows the perspective view of Design 3 which is the

communal toilet and bath. The facility has an area of 24 square meters and

dimension of 6 m x 4 m. It has two partitions one for male and the other is for

female. In Figure 19 shows the components of the rainwater harvesting system,

which will be an alternative source of water supply of the facility.

Figure 18. Perspective View of Communal Toilet and Bath Design 3

Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
31

Figure 19. Components of Rainwater Harvesting System Design 3

B. Proposed Layout Facility

Architectural Plan

In Figure 20 shows the layout of fixture and area of Design 3 (Communal

Toilet and Bath with Septic System). The proposed design has an area of 24 sq.

meters with a dimension of 6 x 4 meters. The proposed design has three (3)

water closets, six (6) lavatories, six (6) hose bib and two (2) slop sinks. The area

of each cubicle is in accordance to Section 806 of Building Code (See in

Appendix A).
Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
32

Figure 20. Floor Plan Design 3

Water Supply Layout

In Figure 21 shows the water supply layout of the proposed communal

toilet and bath. It has a 32mm diameter PVC pipe, 32mm 90° Elbow, 32mm Tee,

water meter, check and gate valves. The pipe size is based on Table 6-6 of

Uniform Plumbing Code (See on Appendix A).

Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
33

Figure 21. Water Supply Layout Design 3

Drainage and Vent Layout

As shown in Figure 22, the drainage and ventilation layout of the

proposed communal toilet and bath. The communal toilet and bath has 80mm

diameter PVC pipe, 65mm diameter vent, 80mm 45° Elbow, 80mm Wye and

80mm cleanout plug. The size of pipes is based on Table 7-5 of Uniform

Plumbing Code (See on Appendix A).

Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
34

Figure 22. Drainage and Vent Layout Design 3

Septic Tank Plan and Specification

In Figure 23 and 24 shows the plan and specification of the septic tank or

septic system for the communal toilet and bath. The septic tank is divided in

three chambers, two digestion chamber and leaching chamber. It has three .6

x .6 meter manhole and three 80mm diameter vent pipes. The septic tank is

made of concrete with 12mm diameter horizontal bar at every 2 layer of concrete

hollow blocks and 0.15 m concrete slab with 12mm diameter deformed bars at

0.20m on the center. The capacity of septic tank is based on Table 1 Chapter

XVII of P. D. 856 (See on Appendix A)

Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
35

Figure 23. Septic Tank Elevation Plan and Specification Design 3

Figure 24. Septic Tank Plan and Specification Design 3

Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
36

C. Bill of Materials and Cost Estimate

Table 3. Bill of Materials and Cost Estimate Design 3

Septic Tank
Material Qty Unit Unit price (php) Amount (php)
CHB (40cm x 10cm x 20cm) 314 Pc P 10.00 P 3,140.00
#16 G.I. Wire 4 Kg P 80.00 P 320.00
12mm Ø Steel Bars 50 Pc P 175.00 P 8,750.00
Cement (50kg Bag) 47 bag P 270.00 P 12,690.00
Sand 4 m
3 P 825.00 P 3,300.00
Gravel 3 m
3
P 950.00 P 2,850.00
Total P 31,050.00
Water Supply
Material Qty Unit Unit price (php) Amount (php)
Water Closet (Toilet Bowl) 6 pc P 983.00 P 5,898.00
Lavatory 6 pc P 1,500.00 P 9,000.00
Faucet/ House Bib 8 pc P 500.00 P 4,000.00
Elbow 90° (32mm) 16 pc P 150.00 P 2400.00
Tee (32mm) 9 pc P 29.75 P 267.75
PVC Pipe (32mm) 8 pc P .00 P 742.00
Total P 19,978.50
Drainage and Vent
Material Qty Unit Unit price (php) Amount (php)
Wye (80mm) 24 pc P 650.00 P 15,600.00
Elbow 45° (80mm) 12 pc P 530.00 P 6,360.0
P-Trap (80mm) 12 pc P 950.00 P 11,400.00
Clean Plug-ins (80mm) 4 pc P 150.00 P 600.00
PVC Pipe (80mm) 10 pc P 600.00 P 6,000.00
Total P 39,960.00
Labor
Workers Qty Rate (per Days of Work Amount (php)
day) (Days)
Skilled 3 P 500.00 30 P 45,000.00
Laborer 2 P 350.00 30 P 21,000.00
Total P 66,000.00
Grand Total P 125,938.00
Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
37

General Design Consideration Applicable for Design 1, 2 and 3

Septic Tank

Design 1, 2 and 3 both has septic tank; Design 1 has a capacity of 17.3 cu.

meters with three chambers (1 digestion and 2 leaching chamber), Design 2 has a

capacity of 14.4 cu. meters with two chambers (digestion and leaching) and Design 3

has a capacity of 17.3 cu. meter with three chambers (2 digestion and 1 leaching

chamber); both septic tank capacities are based on sewage flow in Table 1 Chapter XVII

of P. D. 856 (See on Appendix A).

Fixture Units

Fixtures unit is use to determine the size of pipes that will be used in water

supply, drainage and ventilation. The water supply fixture unit (WSFU) is provided by

Table 6-5 and drain fixture unit (DFU) in Table 7-3 of Uniform Plumbing Code (See on

Appendix A).

Pipes

The sizes of pipes used in water supply, drainage and vent are determined using

total fixture units (TFU). Total fixture unit is necessary to determine the size of the pipe

using Table 6-6 and Table 7-5 of Uniform Plumbing Code (See on Appendix A).
Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
38

Design 1 vs. Design 2 vs. Design 3

Table 4. Difference of Design 1, Design 2 and Design 3 (in Cost)

Considerations Design 1 Design 2 Design 3

Water Supply The cost estimate The cost estimate The cost estimate
for water supply is in water supply is for water supply is P
P 34,822.00 P 7,360 (in every 19,978.50
household)
Drainage & Vent The cost estimate The cost estimate The cost estimate
for drainage and for drainage and for drainage and
ventilation is P ventilation is P ventilation is P
35,090.00 8,560.00 (in every 39,960.00
household)
Septic Tank Three chamber Two Chamber Three chamber
septic tank made of septic tank made of septic tank made of
concrete with concrete with concrete with
estimated cost of P estimated cost of estimated cost of P
32,735.00 (Class A) P 32,365.00 31,050.00 (Class A)
(Class A)

Table 3 shows the significant difference of both designs in terms of material cost

in water supply, drainage, vent and septic tank. The cost estimate is based on Simplified

Construction Estimate by Max B. Fajardo Jr.

Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
39

Operation and Maintenance Plan

Table 5. Operation and Maintenance Plan

Activity Frequency Parts & Tools & Equipment Laws

Materials
Pick up litter and Daily Waste bin Use neutral based
sweep the floor cleaner with
disinfectants
Mop Floor Daily Floor Use disinfectant
cleaner
Sanitize Daily Basin/Lavatory Use neutral based
basin/lavatory cleaner with
disinfectant
Sanitize toilet Daily Toilet Use disinfectant
bowls bowls/water
closet Chapter 19, Section
Sanitize urinal Daily Urinal Use disinfectant 86 and Chapter 14,
Monitor and clean Regularly Vents and Plumbing cleaning Section 64 of PD
vents and cleanouts tools 856
cleanouts
Spot-clean Walls Daily Walls use neutral based
cleaner with
disinfectant
Spot-clean Ledges Daily Doors use neutral based
cleaner with
disinfectant
Spot-clean Daily Partitions use neutral based
Partitions cleaner with
disinfectant

In Table 4 shows the operation and maintenance plan of the proposed communal

toilet facility and septic system. All the operation and other activities involving the use of

the communal toilet facilities septic system is listed for organize and systematize usage

of the facility to ensure high efficiency and sustainability.

Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
40

Environmental Management Plan

Table 6. Environmental Management Plan

Environment Potential Source of Impacts Controls Impacts Laws

al Impacts through Evaluation
Components EMP
Ground Groundwater Wastewater Well- Can DENR
water contamination generated from designed contaminate Administrative
the facility septic groundwater Order No. 35 –
Leakages/overflow system or with Revised
in septic tank septic bacteria, Effluent
Tank viruses, Standards of
household the Philippines
chemicals
and other
contaminant
s
Air Gas and Odor Back flow form Well- Can cause RA 8749 –
release fixtures and designed irritability, Clean Air Act
Leakage from ventilation headache of the
septic tank System and Philippines
dizziness
Water Nutrients Leakage from Well- The DENR
content of septic tank designed nutrients Administrative
Discharge septic can cause Order No. 35 –
system or algal bloom Revised
septic tank Effluent
Standards of
the Philippines
Air Air pollution Dust from Barriers, Can cause RA 8749 –
construction vacuum disturbance Clean Air Act
and and can of the
ventilation reduce Philippines
to control visibility
dust
Sound/Noise Noise Equipment from Make sure Can cause PD 1152 –
Pollution construction the disturbance Philippine
equipment and Environmental
is in good irritability Code
quality
PD 856 –
Sanitation
code of the
Philippines
Solid Waste Construction Solid waste from Sorting Can attract RA 9003 –
waste/Solid construction and vermins and Ecological
waste reducing other pest Solidwaste
at source Management
Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
41

In Table 5 show the environmental management plant of the proposed project to

manage and to assess the impacts of the proposed project to the environment. The

environmental management plan also contains a series of environmental specifications

designed to avoid, minimize and ultimately manage the potential environmental impacts

of the proposed project during planning, design and construction phase.

Green Engineering

The proposed project will have a rainwater harvesting system; the collected

rainwater will be used for flushing and cleaning the facility, and it also helps to reduce

the water consumption in the community. In some part of the roofing system, corrugated

fiber glass roofing will be used to act as natural lighting during daytime.

Design Considerations

A. Building Code

 The size of bath and toilet should be 1.20 square meters with at least

dimension of 0.90 meters in accordance to Section 806 of Building Code

 Sanitary and industrial plumbing installations inside buildings and premises

shall conform to the provisions of the National Plumbing Code in accordance

to Section 903 of Building Code

 All buildings located in areas where there is no available sanitary sewerage

system shall dispose their sewage “Imhoff” or septic tank and subsurface

absorption filed in accordance to Section 903 of Building Code

Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
42

B. Uniform Plumbing Code

 Water Supply Fixture Unit (WSFU) and Minimum Fixture Pipe Sizes to

determine the total fixture unit (TFU) in accordance to Table 6-5 of Uniform

Plumbing Code.

 Fixture Unit Table for Demanding Water Pipe and Meter Sizes to determine

the diameter and length of the pipe and water meter sizes ) in accordance to

Table 6-6 of Uniform Plumbing Code.

 Drainage Fixture Unit Values (DFU) to determine the total fixture units (TFU)

in accordance to Table 7-3 of Uniform Plumbing Code.

 Maximum Unit Loading and Maximum Length of Drainage and Vent Pipe to

determine the diameter, length of the drainage pipe and vent pipe in

accordance to Table 7-5 Uniform Plumbing Code.

C. Sanitation Code

 It shall not be constructed under any building and within 25 meters from any

source of water supply in accordance to Section 75 Chapter XVII of

Sanitation Code

 Storm water shall be discharged to a storm sewer, sanitary sewage shall be

discharged to a sewerage system carrying sanitary sewage only; but this

should not prevent the installation of a combined system in accordance to

Section 74 Chapter XVII of Sanitation Code.

 It shall be built of concrete, whether pre-cast or poured in place. Brick,

concrete blocks or adobe may be used in accordance to Section 75 Chapter

XVII of Sanitation Code.

Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter III: Project Design
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
43

 It shall be generally rectangular in shape. When a number of compartments

are used, the first compartment shall have the capacity from one-half to two-

thirds of the total volume of the tank in accordance to Section 75 Chapter

XVII of Sanitation Code.

 The effluent from septic tanks shall be discharged into a sub-surface soil,

absorption field where applicable or shall be treated with some type of a

purification device. The treated effluent may be discharged into a stream or

body of water if it conforms to the quality standards prescribe by the National

Water and Air Pollution Control Commission in accordance to Section 76

Chapter XVII of Sanitation Code.

D. Green Building Code

 The minimum storage tanks size (in cu.m) shall be calculated by dividing the

building footprint area by 75 in accordance to Section 11.2 of Green Building

Code.