HEALTH

Quarter 3 : Module 1 – 2
Week 1
STAGES OF INFECTION, LEADING
CAUSES OF MORBIDITY AND
MORTALITY
HEALTH – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 1: STAGES OF INFECTION, LEADING CAUSES OF MORBIDITY
AND MORTALITY

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

WRITER: PATRICK ADRIAN LAUGAN

Editor: GERALD T. CAMPANILLA
Grammarian: LIEZL SANCHEZ
Reviewer: PHILIP A. NACARIO
Layout Artist: MITCHELL DAVE M. CABUGUAS
Management Team: Ronald G. Gutay, Allan B. Matin- aw, Mary Jane J. Powao
Aquilo A. Rentillosa, Cristina T. Remocaldo
Division ADM Coordinator: Ryan B. Redoblado

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Office Address: Department of Education – Carcar City Division (Learning Resources

Management Section .
P. Nellas St. Poblacion III, Carcar City, Cebu .
Telefax: (032)77561 .
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 8
HEALTH
Quarter 3 : Module 1 – 2
Week 1
STAGES OF INFECTION, LEADING
CAUSES OF MORBIDITY AND
MORTALITY
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Self-Learning Delivery Mode (SLDM) on Stages of Infection, Leading

Causes of Morbidity and Mortality in the Philippines. This module was collaboratively
designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from public and private
institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the
standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and
economic constraints in schooling. This learning resource hopes to engage the
learners into guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time.
Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills
while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances. In addition to the
material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module

For the learner:

Welcome to the Self-Learning Delivery Mode (SLDM) Stages of Infection,

Leading Causes of Morbidity and Mortality in the Philippines The hand is one of the
most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict skill, action and
purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand
in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to
successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time.
Your academic success lies in your own hands! This module was designed to provide
you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at
your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning
resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

ii
 What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

iii
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

iv
 What I Need to Know

I. What I Need to Know? Learning Competencies.

At the end of the lesson, the students shall be able to

• explain the different elements of the chain of infection;
• discuss the stages of infection;
• analyze the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the
Philippines.

What I Know

Pre - Assessment
Multiple Choice
Instructions: How much do you know about the Stages of Infection and the Leading
Causes of Morbidity and Mortality in the Philippines? Let’s find out by encircling the
correct answers that correspond to the following question below.

1. _____ is any condition that interferes with the proper functioning of the body or
mind?
a. disease B. pathogen C. infection D. fever

2. _____ is a disease that can be passed to a person from another person, animal or
object?
A. non-communicable disease C. communicable disease
B. Pathogens D. cancer

3. _____ are disease-causing organisms that are so small you need a microscope to see
them.
Think “fancy word for germs”?
A. virus B. Communicable C. disease D. pathogen

4. _____ is mode of transmission by kissing?

A. direct B. environment C. indirect D. vector borne

5. What are ways to limit exposure to communicable diseases?

A. washing hands
 B. eating a balance diet and participating in physical activity
C. learning stress management techniques
D. all of the above

RECAP
The previous lesson discussed about parents and how to take care of their
children, through responsible parenthood by providing them necessary
food, clothing, shelter, medical and good education. It also discussed about
modern methods of family planning. If you really understand the previous
lesson, try to explain why is it important to manage responsible parenthood
to their children in the family? What is the importance of family planning
nowadays?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

Lesson STAGES OF INFECTION, LEADING

1 CAUSES OF MORBIDITY AND

MORTALITY

Definition of Terminologies

Communicable or infectious disease- is any illness that you can “catch” or

can be passed from one person to another. An illness due to a specific
infectious agent or its toxic products capable of being directly or indirectly
transmitted from man to man, animal to man or from the environment (air,
dust, soil, water, food).

Infection - an invasion of microorganisms into the body that are capable of

producing a disease.
Contact or mode of transmission - is the most common form of
transmitting diseases and virus.

There are “two types of contact or mode of transmission:

“Direct and Indirect”

Direct contact transmission- occurs when there is physical contact
between an infected person and a susceptible person.

Indirect contact transmission- occurs when there is no direct human-to-

human contact.
Contact occurs from a reservoir to contaminated surfaces or objects, or to
vectors such as mosquitoes, flies, mites, fleas, ticks, rodents or dogs.

Chain of infection- more specifically, transmission occurs when the agent

leaves its reservoir or host through a portal of exit, is conveyed by some mode
of transmission, and enters through an appropriate portal of entry to infect
a susceptible host.

Chain of Infection There are six links in the chain of infection:

1. Pathogen- it is an organism with the ability to cause disease
2. Reservoir- it is a place within which microorganisms can thrive and
produce.
3. Portal of exit- it provides a way for a microorganism to leave the reservoir.
4. Mode of transmission- it is the method by which the organism moves
from one
host to another.
5. Portal of entry- it is an opening allowing the microorganism to enter the
host.
6. The susceptible host- it is a person who cannot resists a microorganism
invading
its body.
 What’s New

INFECTIOUS
AGENPOTS
BACTERIA, FUNGI,
VIRUS, ETC.
suspectible host RESERVOIR
non-immune person, SOURCE OF INFECTION,
immune defieciency, PEOPLE, WATER,
babies, elderly etc. ANIMALS,
ENVIRONMENT ETCH.

PORTAL OF PORTAL EXIT

ENTRY A PLACE WHERE THE
WOUND, OPENING, MICROBES LEAVES RESERVOIR
SKIN,IV LINES, ETCH. COUGHING, SNEEZING,
BLEEDING,ETCH.
MODES OF
TRANSMISSION
CONTACT,
AIRBORNE, INSECT
VECTOR, ETCH.

Stages of infection
There are 4 stages of infection.

1. Incubation stage - it is when a person acquires the pathogen until the

appearance
of the first sign. (silent stage)
2. Prodromal stage - it is when there are non-specific signs and symptoms
appearing. (headache, runny nose, slight fever)
3. Illness or clinical stage - it is the time when illness reaches its highest
point of
development. (severe ache, vomiting, high fever, sore throat, sinus
congestion)
4. Recovery or convalescence stage- this is the time when recovery seems
complete
although the disease is still communicable. (pathogen has mostly
eliminated)
 Morbidity and Mortality While they may sound similar, morbidity and
mortality
are two different things.

Here is why:
Morbidity - is any physical or psychological state considered to be outside
the realm of normal well-being.
Is often used to describe illness, impairment, or degradation of health,
especially when discussing chronic and age-related diseases which can
worsen over time.

Mortality- the state or condition of being subject to death; mortal character,

nature, or existence. The relative frequency of deaths in a specific population,
death rate. Mortal beings collectively; humanity.

Top 10 Leading Causes of Morbidity and Mortality in the Philippines

1. Diseases of the heart

2. Diseases of the vascular system
3. Malignant neoplasms
4. Pneumonia
5. Accidents
6. Tuberculosis, all forms
7. Chronic lower respiratory disease
8. Diabetes mellitus
9. Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis
10. Certain conditions originating in the pre-natal period Recently another
communicable disease hit the world by this pandemic called “COVID19”.
A
disease caused by a new strain of coronavirus. ‘CO’ stands for corona, ‘VI’
for
virus, and ‘D’ for disease. Formerly, this disease was referred to as “2019
novel
coronavirus” or 2019 nCoV. Currently evidence suggests that COVID19
spreads
between people through direct, indirect (through contaminated objects or
surfaces), or close contact with infected people via mouth and nose
secretions.
This includes saliva, respiratory secretions or secretion droplets.
Symptoms of COVID19 Most common symptoms;

a fever
b dry cough
c tiredness Less common symptoms;
d aches and pains
e sore throat
f diarrhea
g conjunctivitis
h headache
i loss of taste or smell
j a rash on skin, or discoloration of fingers and toes
Serious symptoms;
k difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
l chest pain
m loss of speech or movement
n loss of senses of smell and taste

What is It

ACTIVITY 1.

True or False: Write (T) if it is True and (F) if False

_____ 1. Prodromal stage is the time between the entries of an infectious

agent in
the host.
_____ 2. Pathogen it is an organism with the ability to cause disease.
_____ 3. Reservoir it is a virus that come from bats.
_____ 4. Communicable diseases can be transferred through the genes of
family
members.
_____ 5. To avoid the spread of diseases one must sanitized like washing of
hands
and do other personal hygiene.
 What I can do?

Communication is the Key: Write 5 statements that are “Key” to preventing

the spread of communicable diseases. You may post this in your social
media account to share awareness in preventing the spread of
communicable diseases.

VALUING
There’s a very popular saying “Prevention is better than cure.” Using 5
sentences, write the importance of preventing diseases rather than curing
the disease. Use the space below.

What I Have Learned

My Reflections
 Assessment

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer

1. What is the stage when you feel a bit better and disappearance of the
disease or
it is the time the host recovers gradually and returns to baseline?
a. illness stage c. convalescence stage
b. incubation d. prodromal stage

2. __________ of an infectious illness is the period between end of incubation

period
and the point at which the characteristics symptoms of the illness
appear?
a. prodromal stage c. convalescence stage
b. incubation stage d. illness stage

3. __________ the state or condition of being subject to death; mortal

character,
nature, or existence?
a. morbidity b. mortality c. humanity d.
Society

4. What is the stage that is onset of non-specific sign of infection, like slight
elevation of temperature?
a. illness stage c. convalescence stage
b. prodromal stage d. incubation stage

5. __________ is the method by which the organism moves from one host to
another?
a. pathogen c. reservoir
b. portal of exit d. mode of transmission
 Answer Key

Pre-test

1. A ASSESMENT
2. C
3. d
4. a 1. C
5. D
2. D

3. B
Activity
4. B
1.f
2. t 5. D
3. f
4. f
5. t
 References

Department of Education (2013). Music and Arts of Asia- Grade 8 Learner’s

Material (pp. 111- 117,123-128). Pasig City: DepEd South Asian Arts-Music
(Britannica) (2020). Music: Folk, Classical and Popular music. Britnnica
Encyclopaedia,Inc.Retrieved from South Asian arts - Antiquity | Britannica
The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica (2020). Middle Eastern music.
Britnnica Encyclopaedia,Inc. .Retrieved from Middle Eastern music |
Britannica Tabuena, A.C. (2018, October 25). South Asia and West Asia
Music: India and Israel Music. .Retrieved from South and West Asian Music:
India and Israel Music – Music Classroom Guide: Asian and Contemporary
Music (wordpress.com)
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=rubrics+for+scoring+performance+m
usical+instrument&
tbm=isch&chips=q:rubrics+for+scoring+performance+musical+instrument,o
nline_chips:teache
rs&hl=fil&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj01uPpqaTsAhVxI6YKHZ9_AogQ4lYoA3oEC
AEQGQ&biw=13 49&bih=609#imgrc=

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Office Address: Department of Education – Carcar City Division (Learning Resources

Management Section .
P. Nellas St. Poblacion III, Carcar City, Cebu .
Telefax: (032)77561 .
E-mail Address: [email protected]