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Circulatory System - Reviewer

The circulatory system transports nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and removes waste through the blood. In complex animals, it consists of blood, heart, and blood vessels. The blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets suspended in plasma. Red blood cells carry oxygen via hemoglobin to tissues and carbon dioxide back to the lungs. White blood cells help fight infection and disease. The heart pumps blood through two circulations - pulmonary and systemic. It has four chambers, valves, and pumps blood through arteries, capillaries and veins to supply the entire body with oxygen and nutrients.

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Renjyl Gay Deguinion
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54 views

Circulatory System - Reviewer

The circulatory system transports nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and removes waste through the blood. In complex animals, it consists of blood, heart, and blood vessels. The blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets suspended in plasma. Red blood cells carry oxygen via hemoglobin to tissues and carbon dioxide back to the lungs. White blood cells help fight infection and disease. The heart pumps blood through two circulations - pulmonary and systemic. It has four chambers, valves, and pumps blood through arteries, capillaries and veins to supply the entire body with oxygen and nutrients.

Uploaded by

Renjyl Gay Deguinion
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

– also known as cardiovascular system


- transports nutrients and oxygen throughout the body
-remove metabolic waste
products
-carry hormones from one body part to another
-regulate body temperature

In protozoans, it occurs through streaming movements of


the cytoplasm known as cyclosis.

In simple multi-cellular organisms, it occurs


by diffusion between cells and adjacent body parts.

In complex animals, it is consists of:


1. blood
2. heart
3. blood vessels

Types
1. open circulatory system – ex. mollusks and
arthropods
2. close circulatory system – ex. humans
Blood – a complex connective tissue consisting of living
blood cells (formed elements) suspended in a non-living
fluid matrix (plasma); “river of life”; carry nutrients,
oxygen and waste.
Formed Elements
1. Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
2. White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
3. Platelets (Thrombocytes)-for blood clotting

Hemoglobin – iron containing protein that transport the


bulk of O2 that is carried by the blood.

Red Blood Cells


• the oxygen-carrying component of the blood. Also
referred to as red corpuscles, they are by far the most
numerous type of blood cell.
• Red blood cells make up almost 45 percent of the
blood volume. Their primary function is to carry
oxygen from the lungs to every cell in the body. Red
blood cells are composed predominantly of a protein
and iron compound, called hemoglobin, that captures
oxygen molecules as the blood moves through the
lungs, giving blood its red color.

Sickling cell

White Blood Cells


• White blood cells only make up about 1 percent of
blood, but their small number belies their immense
importance. They play a vital role in the body’s
immune system—the primary defense mechanism
against invading bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
They often accomplish this goal through direct attack,
which usually involves identifying the invading
organism as foreign, attaching to it, and then
destroying it. This process is referred to as
phagocytosis.
• Neutrophil

• Basophil

• Monocyte
• Lymphocyte

• EOSINOPHIL

Platelets

Structure of a blood clot


Anatomy of the Heart
-pumps blood throughout the body

• The Structure of the Heart

• The location of the heart in the thoracic cavity


• An overview of the cardiovascular system

• The sectional Anatomy of the heart

HEART STRUCTURE
• The heart is a hollow, fist-size, muscular organ located
slightly to the left of the body’s midline in the
mediastinum, between the second rib and fifth
intercostal space.

• Hyme
• The heart moves the body’s entire volume of blood to
and from lungs(pulmonary circulation)and to and
from tissues(systemic circulation)
• It acts as two separate pumps
-The right side acts as a pulmonary pump, moving
blood into the lungs
-The left side acts as a systemic pump, in moving
blood to the rest of the body

PERICARDIUM
-Is a fibroserous sac that encases the heart
-it has two portions:
*the fibrous pericardium is the outer portion
=it protects the underlying serous membrane and
heart
*the thin, smooth serous pericardium is the inner
portion

HEART WALL
-Has three distinct tissue layers:
• Epicardium-the outer layer
• Myocardium –the middle layer
• Endocardium-the innermost layer

HEART CHAMBERS

-Has two upper and two lower chambers


-Upper chambers are the left and right atrium
*receive blood returning to the heart
*pump blood only to lower chambers of the heart
-Lower chambers are the left ventricle and right
ventricle
*right ventricle pumps blood to and from lungs
*left ventricle pumps blood through all other vessels
of the bod
• The right atrium and ventricle pump blood through the
pulmonary circulation
• The left atrium and ventricle pump blood through the
systemic circulation

BLOOD VESSELS
• -any of the veins, arteries, and capillaries that transport
blood through the body
• Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart,
branching to smaller and smaller units ending at the
capillaries, which transfer oxygen and other blood
components to and from the tissues.
• Oxygen-poor blood continues through the capillaries
to veins, which converge to carry blood back to the
heart, lungs, and liver.

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