Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.

html
 LANGUAGE
STRATEGIES FOR
BETTER ENGLISH
PROFICIENCY
A Strategic Learning Material for English Language Learners

Jenzen Brisa B. Alcantara, MAEd

Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html
 Introduction to Language Learning Strategies

Every learning process requires a manner or a strategy to be

adapted in order to achieve the main purpose of learning. Among the
important things in the process of learning are “what” to use for learning and
“how” to use it. However, human beings are involved with many and different
strategies while they are learning a language, some of these strategies are giving
the ultimate benefit, yet some others are not effective. The term ‘learning
strategies’ means different things and researchers have defined it in many ways
(Hardan, 2013).
In a general way, the term, “strategy” can be defined as a road, which is
followed in order to reach a certain aim. “It comprises also such connotations as
making a decision, overcoming obstacles, setting proper conditions, trying the most
suitable ways, and showing similar manners in every condition/situation”. A
‘strategy’ expresses an establishment of a long-term goal and general aims of
action, a start of the action, and the choice and use of proper sources which will
bring to the aim (Köksal and Varışoğlu, 2012:82). When a foreign language is
concerned, a language learning strategy can be defined as a set of techniques that
are used by the students to bring his/her to the aim of /her learning faster and to
give the process of learning a more enjoyable and enthusiastic character. The
strategies of language learning can be also defined as “conscious actions made by
the student in order to acquire knowledge, memorize, remember the memorized
information, and use this information as well as certain activities, actions, and
techniques which are used by the student to develop his/her skills in the learning
of a foreign language” (Oxford et al., 2004 cited in Hardan 2013)
In addition, by considering the notion of the learning process through the
use of the language learning strategies, O'Malley and Chamot (1990) and O'Malley
et al. (1985) recognized three main types of strategies, that is to say, metacognitive,
cognitive, and social strategies.

When these strategies chosen consciously, language learning strategies can

act as a key to active, conscious, and purposeful self-regulation learning;
accordingly, enhancing language learning requires that learners reflect on how to
1
Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html
 learn more effectively and efficiently and make appropriate changes to their
approach.

Objectives of Strategic Learning Material

This strategic learning material is intended to serve as a guidebook for

students in employing the language learning strategies in learning English. It aims to
develop communicative skills in oral and written English, so that students can
perform communicative tasks necessary in English language online learning.

Commission on Higher Education (CHED) has released guidelines on the

implementation of flexible learning due to the emergence of the COVID-19 (CM No. 4
Series of 2020). The goals of Language Strategies for Better English Proficiency are
aligned to guidelines prescribed by CHED. In which, online mode of learning is under
flexible learning. This approach allowing flexibility of time, place, and audience
including, but not solely focused on the use of technology. Furthermore, this
guidebook can be used both in face-to-face setting and online mode.

Learning to use this strategic learning material and referring to it as the need
arises will give the students the means to express what they want in the way they
want.

The three language learning strategies namely, cognitive, metacognitive, and

social learning strategies will be introduced to the students that will help them
enhance their listening, writing and speaking skills in the second language.

On the whole, Language Strategies for Better English Proficiency aims to guide
the students on utilizing the three main strategies in learning English. This way, the
learners become skilled and competent in using the English language for their
subsequent practice of their future profession or career.

CHAPTER 1
Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html
2
 Cognitive Learning Strategies
What are Cognitive learning strategies?

Cognitive strategies relate to the behaviors in acquiring

language in the learning process which include the selection,
acquisition, construction and integration of information. These
strategies can be further divided into five sub-strategies:

1) rehearsal strategies which involve activities for identifying important

elements of the provided materials, and selecting and encoding information
like copying out, re-reading, memorizing, listing concepts, putting special
marks, underlining and taking notes (Hu & Gramling; 2009; Simsek, 2006);

2) elaboration strategies in which learners build connections between

information given and prior knowledge to make meaningful information by
editing notes, comparing reading assignments with lecture notes,
summarizing, paraphrasing, and finding their own examples from real-world
events and problems (Hu & Gramling, 2009);

3) organization strategies in which learners re-arrange or re-structure the

content to construct new structure of the learning materials by regrouping,
connecting pieces and generating concept maps (Hu & Gramling, 2009;
Simsek, 2006);

4) comprehension or critical thinking strategies which involve applying the

existing knowledge to new situations in order to solve problems, make
decisions and evaluate information based on standards or knowledge (Al-
Buainain, 2010); and 5) internet skills which relate to using skills to
undertake tasks such as online searching skills and online
communication skills (Tsai, 2009).

Cognitive strategies are strategies that “reflect mental manipulation

tasks”, such as practicing and analyzing, enabling learners to 3
understand and produce new language in many different ways.

Exercise 1 All cognitive learning

activities are geared
towards pushing students
to work through different
Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html

problems and stimuli.

The goal is to get you

to think and apply
 Remembering a Vacation Trip
In this activity, you will write a short
narrative about your last summer vacation trip.

Creating a timeline of
important events from the memory!

Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html
 Exercise 2

Understanding What Love Is

A Tragic Love Story

Read the story of Pyramus and Thisbe and

answer the following questions provided.

Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html
 Defending a point of view!

Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html
 Questions to Answer:
1. In what ways does the
love of Pyramus and Thisbe
bring about their death?
How does the hatred
between their families
contribute? Do you think
the love or the hatred is
more to blame for the
deaths of Pyramus and
Thisbe?
2. Do Pyramus and Thisbe
truly love each other, or is
it just childish infatuation?
3. What do you think
Pyramus and Thisbe say to
each other through the
crack of that wall?

4. Based on your
perspective, what does Ovid
want to tell the readers
about love?
5. Define Love on your own
definition.
6. Share 3 love quotes or
bible verses that talk about
love.

Exercise 3
10 Tips for Speaking to an
Audience

1. Practice, Practice,
Practice
2. Speak, don’t read
3. Be Yourself 8
4. Aim for a positive
state of mind and a
confident attitude
5. Use verbal
Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html signposting
6. Use examples,
illustrations and
humour
 Applying a Sense of Confidence
in Speaking

Write a short script about yourself. Video

yourself while following the proper speaking to
the audience.

Exercise 4

Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html
Evaluating by Analyzing Information
and Making Judgement
Write an essay about online teaching and learning.
Then write down pros and cons of online
teaching and learning.

Pros

10

Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html
 Cons

11

Exercise 5

Creating Your Own

Invitation

Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html
 By using canva.com, create your own invitation.

It can be a birthday invitation, wedding,

Christening, or any event you would like to use.
Paste it here! 😊

12

Strategy Checkup: Cognitive

Think Back Think Ahead

What did you learn about in the Cognitive How will what you learned about
learning strategies? cognitive learning strategies help you
when you answer comprehension
questions or when you write or
Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html
speak?
Would you able to apply the cognitive
learning strategies in the exercises? If yes,
circle the action you have used/done in
answering the exercises in this chapter.

What do you think are the skills you

need to improve in using cognitive
elaborate solve problems learning strategies?
critical thinking skills justify
online searching skills organize
compare make decision
summarize internet skills
rearrange comprehend
note-taking re-reading
memorize explain

13

CHAPTER 2

Metacognitive Learning Strategies

What are Metacognitive learning strategies?

Metacognitive strategies involve the monitoring of the
cognitive processes by the learners. This includes preparing and

Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html
 planning to learn, as well as regulating and evaluating their learning process.
These metacognitive strategies can be divided into seven sub-strategies:

1) self-regulation strategies that involve learners’ awareness and

conscious effort in their pursuit of learning goals by setting their goals and
managing their own learning performance;

2) time management strategies that require learners’ time management

skills to follow their own learning schedule by scheduling, planning and
managing their study time (Hu & Gramling, 2009; Tsai, 2009;

3) goal setting strategies that refer to students’ determination to achieve

their learning target or goal;

4) self-monitoring strategies that relate to students’ effort in managing

their progress towards attaining their learning goals which include observing
their behaviour, cognition and motivation in learning;

5) self-evaluation strategies that are employed by the students to judge

their own learning performance;

6) concentration strategies that are employed by the students that help

prevent them from being distracted in their study; and 7) self-awareness
strategies that relate to learners’ awareness about themselves being online
learners and their knowledge of e-learning so that they can adopt
appropriate strategies to adapt to the learning situations.

A simplified definition of metacognition is “thinking about

thinking”, but metacognition also encompasses the regulation
Exercise 1
of these thoughts – the ability to change them.
14

KWL on Research
Metacognitive Strategies to
Link to Prior Knowledge and
Background Experiences

Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html
 KWL stands for what a student knows (K), wants to know (W), and has
learned (L) about a topic, which can be used before, during, and after learning.
Think of a topic you want to research. In the column, write what you
already know about the topic. In the second column, write what you want to
know about the topic. After you have completed your research, write what you
have learned in the third column.

What I Know What I Want to What I Learned

Know

Exercise 2

Setting My Goals 17

Important things to know about metacognitive learning

strategy skills are:

-Plan, -Monitor, -Regulate, -Evaluate

Take Note!
Monitor
Plan
Evaluate
Regulate
Write down your targets
for the week ahead. Focus
Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html
on the subjects you are
struggling with the most
lately.
 18

Exercise 3

Monitoring Myself
Draw a picture, sketch, symbol, or icon to represent
each idea. (Think carefully before starting, ; you may wish
to use a pencil for this task)

Exercise 4

Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html

How this week is going My biggest success so far One obstacle I am facing
 It’s Essay!
Write an essay about language and identity.
Watch Professor Jim Cummin’s interview on this
videolink, https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=xuvFaNgAv88

Write your essay using the planning box below.

According to Lindsay Kramer,
there are tips to make your essay
Introduction structure rock-solid. Her article
was published online in
Grammarly Blog last June 2,
2022.

There are three basic parts of

an essay. Kramer further
explained the parts in an easier
way with tips.

“One of the most important skills to

develop is writing strong
essays  efficiently. And the foundation
of that skill is knowing how to
structure an essay. With a template
for the basic essay structure in hand,
you can focus on what really matters
when you’re writing essays: your
arguments and the evidence you’re
using to support them. Take a look at
the basic essay structure below and
see how the parts of an essay work
together to present a coherent, well-
reasoned position, no matter what
topic you’re writing about”.. 

Body Basic essay structure: the 3 main

parts of an essay
Almost every single essay 20 that’s
Conclusion ever
>Body been written follows the same basic
structure:  Your essay’s body
 Introduction
paragraphs
 Body
are where you
support
 your thesis statement
Conclusion
withThis facts and evidence.
structure has stood theEach
test of
time
bodyfor paragraph one simple reason: shouldIt works.
focus It
clearly
on one supporting presents the argumentwriter’s position,
for
supports that position
your thesis by discussing related with relevant
examples, and neatly ties their
data, content, or events. 
supporting arguments together in a way
If you’re not sure whether you
Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html
that makes their position evident. 
should include a specific point or
>Introduction
detailIt all in starts
your here.
body Thisparagraphs,
is where you
refer back
introduce the topic to you’re
yourdiscussing
thesis in
 22

Exercise 5

The Writing Process

Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html
 If you think that a blank sheet of paper
or a blinking cursor on the computer screen
is a scary sight, you are not alone. Many
writers, students, and employees find that
beginning to write can be intimidating.
When faced with a blank page, however,
experienced writers remind themselves that
writing, like other everyday activities, is a
process. Every process, from writing to
cooking, bike riding, and learning to use a
new cell phone, will get significantly easier
with practice.

Using the picture guide below will help you improve your writing. The next page will
show you the activity.

Proofread

23

Write It Down!

Think of a topic would you like to write about.

You can choose any of these topics:

 Family
 Countries

Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html
  Relationships
 Languages
 Politics
 Technology
 Fashion
 Korean Dramas
 Heroes
 Climate Change

Pre-Writing

In this stage of writing, you plan what you are going to write. It is when you
choose your readers/audience and the purpose of writing as well as brainstorm
your ideas and organize your thoughts. Write your chosen topic inside the circle.
Then write the subtopics/ideas/questions of the topic written inside the circle.
You can also write here the
questions that you would like to
ask to yourself. These
questions/ideas will help you add
sentences in your writing.

Examples: -What is
climate change?
-How do recycle, reuse,
and reduce prevent
climate change?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
24

Drafting

Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html
 In this stage you write your ideas in sentences and paragraphs. It is the
time you start writing your composition. Follow your pre-writing plan to write your
first draft.

25

Revising

Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html
 This stage is the first part of editing your writing. Make changes that
will improve your writing.

26

Proofreading

Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html
 In this stage, you finish your writing by polishing your work. Check
for errors in grammar, spelling, capitalization, and punctuation. Make a final copy
of your composition. Paste here your final output.

Publishing

Finally, you choose a way to present your work to an

audience. You may want to add pictures, make a class book,
or read your work aloud. You can publish your work in a
partnership with publishing companies or post in your status
in Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and other online platforms.

27
Strategy Checkup: Metacognitive

Think Back
Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html
Think Ahead
 What did you learn about in the How will what you learned about
Metacognitive learning strategies? metacognitive learning strategies
help you set your goals, monitor
yourself, and in writing and
speaking skills?

Would you able to apply the metacognitive

learning strategies in the exercises? If yes,
circle the action you have used/done in
answering the exercises in this chapter.

What do you think are the skills you

need to improve in using
metacognitive learning strategies?
plan scheduling
organize concentrate
self-monitor self-awareness
self-evaluation
time management

28

CHAPTER 3

Social Learning Strategies

Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html
What are Social learning strategies?
One of the most important functions of the strategies of language learning
is to encourage the learners to establish communication who speak the target
language. Among the functions of the social strategies there are such as asking
questions using the target language, receiving answers, correcting mistakes,
establishing cooperation, trying to study feelings and thoughts of people of the
targeted culture (Lan and Oxford, 2003). Social strategies are employed while
learners carry out specific learning tasks. These are enabling students to ask
questions to get confirmations and clarifications, ask for help in completing
language tasks, make an effort to talk to native speakers, explore a culture and
social norms. It is significantly helpful to understand the target language and
culture.

The learning and teaching environment is a social environment. In this

environment, the teacher plays a very big role to establish communication among
the students. The students’ perception of their self-esteem plays an important role
in the process of achieving success in language teaching as well as in the
students’ adaptation with the language which they learn. Besides, it is possible to
develop the skills of cooperation between the students. The students can learn in
the easier way when they share their knowledge with a teacher and other
students. Some of the social strategies which can be used to learn a foreign
language are the following (Saydı, 2007:52) reaching clarity, confirmation of
knowledge, establishing cooperation, and
cultural sensitivity.

Social strategies deal with seeking

help or input from others, interactions,
feedback, and L2 culture. Such strategies
include asking questions, cooperating with
peers, and developing empathy towards
people who speak the target language.

Exercise 1
29

Worki
ng Together with Love

Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html
 In connection with previous exercise 2 in chapter 1, you have read the story
of Pyramus and Thisbe.
In this exercise, you are going to work with your classmates. You will be
grouped into ten groups, and the number of your group corresponds the question
number you will draw, but answer the following questions in complete sentences as
you will be sharing this story with your team.
1. What is the problem that Pyramus and Thisbe face from their families?
2. What is the solution they came up with to solve their problem?
3. What three objects are located in the area where they decide to meet?
4. What incident happens to Thisbe as she is waiting under the tree for
Pyramus?
5. What item Thisbe dropped on the ground?
6. What action does Pyramus perform when he thinks Thisbe is dead?
7. What continues to happen even today to the white fruit of the mulberry tree
as a result of the lovers’ tragedy?
8. What proposal would you make to improve Pyramus and Thisbe’s situation?
9. What other story do the Story of Pyramus and Thisbe resemble? What
differences do you notice between these two stories?
10. What is the story location clue in the Story of Pyramus and Thisbe?

34
Exercise 2

Act as One

Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html
 You will be grouped into teams. Every team will have its own topic. The
choices of topics below will be distributed to teams. Then, create a script regarding
the given topic for each team.

The topics are the following:

1. Election
2. Covid19
3. Online Learning
4. Live Selling
5. Modern Heroes

The role play will take place through a virtual Here are some tips and
class/meeting. recommendations to help
you to prepare for your role-
play exercise and help
ensure you are ready:

1. Try to stay relaxed.

2. Assume the role and
get in character.
3. Research the role.
4. Emphasize the
competencies.
5. Time keeping

35
Exercise 3

Ready, Set, Debate!

Debating is an excellent tool to encourage learners’

high-order and critical thinking skills. It teaches everyone to

Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html
structure and organize thoughts while also developing
analytical and research skills.
In this exercise, you will be grouped into 10 groups in class. In each group,
there will be at least six (6) members. You will be also grouped for the opposition
and proposition side.

These are the topics you can choose:

1. The voting age should be lowered.
2. Statewide testing requirements should be eliminated.
3. Every home should have a pet.
4. Plastic should be banned.
5. Euthanasia should be permitted.
6. Smoking in public should be illegal.
7. There is a need to restore internet neutrality.
8. Universal healthcare is a right.
9. There is no justification for the war on terror.
10. Social media brings more harm than good.

Schedule a meeting with your groupmates to plan and organize your team’s
thoughts on the chosen debate topic.

36

Exercise 4

Group Spoken Poetry

Spoken word poetry is a performance art

that transcends the written form. If you’ve
ever watched slam poetry or a dramatic
How to Write Spoken Word Poetry

By MasterClass2021
Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html

1. Pick a topic you’re passionate

monologue at an open mic night, the intense,
emotional delivery may have stayed with you
long after it was over. This is the power of
spoken word poetry, and it’s meant to be
memorable.
The class will be divided into groups. Each
group will have three (3) members. You are
tasked to compose your spoken poetry. Make
sure that all members have their own input and
lines in the poetry. Discuss your ideas with your
groupmates.

These are the possible ideas for your output.

1. Filipinos
2. West Philippine Sea
3. Love
4. Drugs
5. Graduation Day
6. Parents
7. Social Media
8. Online Learning
9. Poverty
10. Animal Cruelty

37

Exercise 5

Playing Charades
Charades is a game of pantomimes: you
have to "act out" a phrase without speaking,
while the other members of your team try to

Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html
 guess what the phrase is. The objective is for your team to guess the phrase as
quickly as possible.
The class will be divided in two teams. The teacher/instructor has prepared
words/phrases that the students will guess. Basically, all the words/phrases
which are included were random and some are from previous lessons. Whoever
team wins, they must arrange the words/phrases they have guessed to form a
meaningful sentence. Failure to construct the sentence will be qualified as a
defeat.

How to Play the Charades

Game

Divide the players into two teams, preferably of equal size. Divide the slips of paper
between the two teams. Select a neutral timekeeper/scorekeeper, or pick members
from each team to take turns. Agree on how many rounds to play. Review the gestures
and hand signals and invent any others you deem appropriate.

These words/phrases that will be guessed may either be quotations or titles

of books, movies, plays, television shows, and songs. Here are some suggested
rules to prevent the phrases from being too hard to guess:

 no team should write down any phrase unless at least three people on the team
have heard of it;
 no phrase should be longer than seven words;
 no phrase should consist solely of a proper name (i.e., it should also contain
other words);

 no foreign phrases are allowed.

38

To Play

Each round of the game proceeds as follows:

 A player from Team A draws a phrase slip from Team B's basket. After he/she
has had a short time to review the slip, the timekeeper for team B notes the time
and tells the player to start. Team A then has three minutes to guess the phrase. If
they figure it out, the timekeeper records how long it took. If they do not figure it
out in three minutes, the timekeeper announces that the time is up, and records a
time of three minutes.

Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html
  A player from Team B draws a phrase slip from Team A's basket, and play
proceeds as above.

Normally the game continues until every player has had a chance to "act out" a
phrase. The score for each team is the total time that the team needed for all of the
rounds. The team with the smallest score wins the game.

Gestures

To act out a phrase, one usually starts by indicating what category the phrase is
in, and how many words are in the phrase. From then on, the usual procedure is to
act out the words one at a time (although not necessarily in the order that they
appear in the phrase). In some cases, however, it may make more sense to try to act
out the "entire concept" of the phrase at once.

To Indicate Categories:

 Book title: Unfold your hands as if they were a book.

 Movie title: Pretend to crank an old-fashioned movie camera.
 Play title: Pretend to pull the rope that opens a theater curtain.
 Song title: Pretend to sing.
 TV show: Draw a rectangle to outline the TV screen.
 Quote or Phrase: Make quotation marks in the air with your fingers.

To Indicate Other Things: 39

 Number of words in the title: Hold up the number of fingers.

 Which word you're working on: Hold up the number of fingers again.
 Number of syllables in the word: Lay the number of fingers on your arm.
 Which syllable you're working on: Lay the number of fingers on your arm
again.
 Length of word: Make a "little" or "big" sign as if you were measuring a fish.
 "The entire concept:" sweep your arms through the air.
 "On the nose" (i.e., someone has made a correct guess): point at your nose with
one hand, while pointing at the person with your other hand.
 "Sounds like": Cup one hand behind an ear.
 "Longer version of :" Pretend to stretch a piece of elastic.
 "Shorter version of:" Do a "karate chop" with your hand

Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html
  "Plural": link your little fingers.
 "Past tense": wave your hand over your shoulder toward your back.
 A letter of the alphabet: move your hand in a chopping motion toward your
arm (near the top of your forearm if the letter is near the beginning of the alphabet,
and near the bottom of your arm if the letter is near the end of the alphabet).

40

Strategy Checkup: Social

Think Back Think Ahead

What did you learn about in the social learning How will what you learned about
strategies? social learning strategies help you
complete your language task?
Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html

Your writing and speaking skills?

Would you able to apply the social cognitive
learning strategies in the exercises? If yes,
circle the action you have used/done in
answering the exercises in this chapter.

What do you think are the skills

you need to improve in using
social learning strategies?

asking questions
correcting mistakes
giving suggestions
cooperate
asking confirmation
share opinions
41

Source: Pictures were taken from Google and PNGtree.com https://pngtree.com/freepng/online-concept-vector illustration_5331074.html