ASSIGNMENT

ON
SOCIO CULTURAL ISSUES IN COMMUNITY
HEALTH NURSING
SUBJECT: CLINICAL SPECIALITY-I (COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING)

SUBMITTED BY,

C.DHASARATHAN

I YEAR

M.Sc., NURSING

CCN, CARE

SUBMITTED TO,

Prof. YAGA JAYANTHI

M.Sc., NURSING

HOD COMMUNITY HEALTH

NURSING

CCN, CARE

SUBMITTED ON: 27.04.2022

SOCIO-CULTURAL ISSUES IN COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING

INTRODUCTION
According to UNICEF, 22,000 children die each day due to poverty. Around
27-28 percent of all children in developing countries are estimated to be
underweight or stunted. Nearly a billion people entered the 21st century
unable to read a book or sign their names. Infectious diseases continue to
blight the lives of the poor across the world. Some 1.1 billion people in
developing countries have inadequate access to water, and 2.6 billion lack
basic sanitation. 1.6 billion People-a quarter of humanity live without
electricity.

MAJOR SOCIAL ISSUES

 Child abuse
 Women abuse
 Elderly abuse
 Female feticide
 Women empowerment
 Commercial sex workers
 Food adulteration
 Crime
 Substance abuse
CHILD ABUSE
 Definition
Child abuse can be defined as “a variety of abnormal behaviors directed
against children, which can take many forms”
Statistics of child abuse
1. Two out of every three children were physically abused.
2. Out of 69% children physically abused 54.68% were boys.
3. Out of those children physically abused in family situations, 88.6%
were physically abused by parents.
Predisposing factors to child abuse
1. The abused childhood
2. Family stress
3. The abuser’s substance abuse
4. Social forces
 5. The child
 Forms of child abuse
1. Child sexual abuse
2. Pedophilia
3. Physical abuse
4. Child neglect
5. Emotional neglect
 Prevention of child abuse
1. The education to kids
2. Psychiatric help to the abuser.
3. Reporting of child sexual abuse.
4. Parental education.

WOMEN ABUSE
Definition
Women abuse is defined as “any act of gender-based violence that results in,
or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering
to a woman, whether occurring in public or private life”-(Gomez, 1996)
Forms of women abuse
a. Domestic Violence Marital  Relationship
b. Dowry Harassment and Bride Burning
c. Sexual Harassment at Work
d. Sale of Wife
e. Eve Teasing

ELDERLY ABUSE
Definition
“A non-accidental act or omission, which undermines the life, the physical
and psychological integrity of an older person or harms the development of
his/her personality or damages his/her financial security”
 Types of elderly abuse
1. Financial abuse
2. Emotional abuse
3. Physical abuse
4. Neglect and indifference
Solution for the problem of elderly abuse
a. Social support.
b. Care givers, social workers and volunteers need to reach out to old
people who are neglected/abused.
c. Counseling should be given to family members.
 d. Counseling to elderly.
FEMALE FEOTICIDE
 Girls are considered as burden in some families even in this
technological era. They prefer male children to female children.
 The united Nation says an estimated 2,000 unborn girls are aborted
every day in India. The government has enacted the pre-natal
diagnostic techniques act in 1994, the situation far from improving,
further worsened.

COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS

Definition
“Prostitution is defined as an act of engaging in sexual activity in exchange
for money or goods.”
-Elliot & Merrill
Causes of Prostitution
1. Poverty
2. Broken homes
3. Mental illness
4. Uneducated women
5. Widows and divorcees
6. Prestigious life
7. Over sexual desires
8. Indebtedness
9. False hope of marriage
10.Influence of peer group
Types of Prostitution
1. Street Prostitution
2. Escort or out-call Prostitution
3. Sex tourism
4. Ritualized Prostitution
Control of Prostitution
1. Sex education
2. Change of rigid social customs
3. Job opportunities
4. Social education &propaganda
5. Adequate legislation
Women empowerment
 Empowerment is a multi-faceted, multi-dimensional and multi-
layered concept.
  Women’s empowerment is a process in which women gain greater
share of control over resources in the home, community, society and
nation to gain power.
 Definition
“Empowerment means moving from a position of enforced powerlessness to
one of power”
 Problems faced by women
1. Educational problems
2. Occupational problems
3. Health problems
4. Early marriage
5. Female feticide
6. Dowry system
7. Transportation problems
Indicators of Women Empowerment
1. Increase in self-esteem.
2. Increase in knowledge and awareness.
3. Increase in personal leisure time.
4. Change in roles and responsibility in family & community.
5. Visible decrease in violence on women and girls.
6. Increase in bargaining and negotiating power .
7. Increase access to and ability to gather information.
8. Positive changes in social attitudes.
9. A woman’s decision-making over her work and income.
 Measures to Improve Women Empowerment
a. Education
b. Political Participation
c. Decision-Making
d. Self Help Groups
e. Violence Control Measures
f. Ownership of Land
g. State Initiatives
h. Central initiatives

FOOD ADULTERATION:
Definition
“Food adulteration is the process of addition of an impure, cheap or
unnecessary ingredient to cheat with, cheapen or falsify a preparation.”
Food adulterant
 Any material which is or could be employed for the purposes of adulteration
is known as adulterant.
Concept of adulteration
a. If the article sold is not of the nature, substance or quality demanded
by the purchaser.
b. If any inferior or cheaper substances has been substituted.
c. If any constituent of the article has been extracted.
d. If the article has been prepared, packed or kept under unsanitary
conditions.
e. If the article is obtained from a diseased animal.
f. If the article contain any prohibited preservative.
g. If the quality of the article falls below the prescribed standards.

CRIME
 Definition
“Crime is an antisocial behavior that has violated public sentiments certain
extent and forbidden by status”
- Barnes Crime
 Factors contributing to crime
1. Physical factors
2. Physiological factors
3. Hereditary factors
4. Social factors
5. Political factors
6. Environmental factors
7. Familial factors
Preventive &control measures
1. Imprisonment
2. Probation
3. Parole
4. Reformatory homes & schools
SUBSTANCE ABUSE
1. Using of substances for pleasure is increasing day by day in the
modern society, as a mark of fashion.
2. The chronic usage of addictive substances creates chronic physical
and psychological problems among individuals and also has an impact
on society.
Definition
 According to WHO,
“Substance abuse can be defined as using a drug in a way that it is
inconsistent with medical or social norms and despite negative
consequences.”
Causes of Substance abuse

Biological causes
1. Family history of Substance abuse
2. Personality disorders
3. Co-morbid medical disorders
4. Re-enforcing effects of drugs
5. Withdrawal effects and craving
6. Biochemical factors.

Psychological causes

1. Poor impulse control

2. Low self esteem
3. Poor stress management skills
4. Childhood trauma
5. Psychological distress
6. Reaction to neglect

Social causes

1.Modeling
2.Easy availability of alcohol and drugs
3.Familial conflicts
4.Religious reasons
5.Unemployment
6. Poor social support
Commonly used substances
1. Alcohol
2. Opioids
3. Cannabinoids
4. Cocaine
5. Amphetamine
6. Hallucinogens
7. Barbiturates
8. Inhalants
 9. Nicotine
10.Other stimulants
Control of Substance abuse
Primary prevention
a. Provision of happy and healthy family life
b. Establishment of healthy parent-child relationship
c. Provision of love and care to the children
d. Show interest towards the child’s activities
e. Offer counseling to the teenagers
f. Reduce the availability of drugs
g. Legislation
Secondary prevention
a. Closely monitor the changes in the behavior of an individual.
b. Early detection and treatment of addicts.
c. Establishment of de-addiction centers, after care centers and day care
centers.
d. Proper treatment and specific therapies should be given to prevent
complication of disease.
 Tertiary prevention
a. Provision of treatment in the state of severe dependence.
b. Provision of rehabilitation measures for the drug addicts.
c. Involvement of family in the restorative and rehabilitative activities.
d. Involvement of social agencies for the rehabilitation.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOK REFERENCE
A textbook of “Community Health Nursing” ,Bijulakshmi dass ,2 nd
edition,2019,page no:103-105
NET REFERENCE
https://www.slideshare.net/anuradhasharma43/social-
issuesaffectingcommunityhealthnursing
JOURNAL REFERENCE
o Slote L. Handbook of Occupational Safety and Health. New York:
Wiley; 1987.
o Stansfeld S. Social support and social cohesion. In: Marmot M,
Wilkinson R, editors. Social Determinants of Health. Oxford,
England: Oxford University Press; 1999.