GRBQ121-2580G-C01[1-64].

qxd 9/15/06 4:22 PM Page 1-54 Tech Books-Arts:GRBQ

USEFUL HVAC VALUES AND MULTIPLIERS

• 3.414 BTU per Watt
• One Kilowatt equals 3,415 BTU per hour
• 746 Watts per horsepower
• One Ton of cooling equals
- 288,000 BTU per 24 hours
- 12,000 BTU per hour
- 200 BTU per minute
• 1 Therm  100,000 BTU
• 7,000 grains  1 pound
• One horsepower per ton @ 40 degree evaporator
saturation temperature & 100 degree condensing
temperature
• Atmospheric pressure @ sea level is 14.70 psia
• Gauge pressure equals psia minus 14.70
• Psia equals psig plus 14.70
• .24 specific heat of air
• .075 pounds per cubic foot (Density of standard air)
• 13.33 cubic feet per pound (Specific volume of
standard air)
• 25,400 microns per inch
• 29.92 inches Hg (Standard sea level air pressure)
• 8760 hours in a year
• R-value of an inside air film is .68
Standard air is air at 70 degrees fahrenheit dry bulb, 0%
relative humidity, at sea level.
GRBQ121-2580G-C01[1-64].qxd 9/15/06 4:22 PM Page 1-55 Tech Books-Arts:GRBQ

USEFUL HVAC CONVERSION MEASURES

Length
1 Mile  1,760 Yds.  5,280 Ft.  63,360 In.  1.609 Km
1 Ft.  0.3048 M  30.48 Cm  304.8 Mm
1 In.  2.54 Cm  25.4 Mm
1 Cm  0.3937 In.
1 M  39.37 In.  3.2808 Ft.  1.094 Yds.
1 Km  3281 Ft.  0.6214 Miles  1094 Yds.
1 Fathom  6 Feet  1.828804 Meters
1 Furlong  660 Feet
Weight
1 Gal. H2O  8.33 Lbs.H2O
1 Lb.  16 Oz.  7,000 Grains  0.4536 Kg
1 Ton  2,000 Lbs.  907 Kg
1 Kg  2.205 Lbs.
1 Lb. Steam  1 Lb.H2O
Area
1 Sq. Ft.  144 Sq. In.
1 Acre  43,560 Sq. Ft.  4840 Sq. Yds. 
0.4047 Hectares
1 Sq. Mile  640 Acres
1 Sq. Yd.  9 Sq. Ft.  1296 Sq. In.
1 Hectare  2.417 Acres
1 Sq. M  1,550 Sq. In.  0.0929 Sq. Ft. 
1.1968 Sq. Yds.
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USEFUL HVAC CONVERSION MEASURES (cont.)

Volume
1 Cu. Yd.  27 Cu. Ft.  46,656 Cu. In.  1616 Pints 
807.9 Quarts  764.6 Liters
1 Cu. Ft.  1,728 Cu. In.
1 Liter  0.2642 Gallons  1.057 Quarts  2.113 Pints
1 Gallon  4 Quarts  8 Pints  3.785 Liters
1 Cu. Meter  61,023 Cu. In.  0.02832 Cu. Ft. 
1.3093 Cu. Yds.
1 Barrel Oil  42 Gallons Oil
1 Barrel Beer  31.5 Gallons Beer
1 Barrel Wine  31.0 Gallons Wine
1 Bushel  1.2445 Cu. Ft.  32 Quarts (Dry)  64 Pints
(Dry)  4 Pecks
1 Hogshead  63 Gallon  8.42184 Cu. Ft.
Velocity
1 MPH  5280 Ft./Hr.  88 Ft./Min.  1.467 Ft./Sec. 
0.8684 Knots
1 Knot  1.1515 Mph  1.8532 Km/Hr.  1.0 Nautical
Miles/Hr.
1 League  3.0 Miles (Approx.)
Pressure
14.7 psi  33.95 Ft. H2O  29.92 In. Hg  407.2 In.
W.G.  2,116.8 Lbs./Sq. Ft.
1 psi  2.307 Ft. H2O  2.036 In. Hg  16 ounces 
27.7 In. WC
1 Ft. H2O  0.4335 psi  62.43 Lbs./Sq. Ft.
1 Ounce  1.73 In. WC
GRBQ121-2580G-C01[1-64].qxd 9/15/06 4:22 PM Page 1-57 Tech Books-Arts:GRBQ

USEFUL HVAC CONVERSION MEASURES (cont.)

Air Density
Standard Air @ 60°F., 14.7 psi:

13.329 Cu. Ft./Lb.  0.0750 Lbs./Cu. Ft.

1 Lb./Cu. Ft.  177.72 Cu. Ft./Lbs.
1 Cu. Ft./Lb.  0.00563 Lbs./Cu. Ft.
1 Kg/Cu M  16.017 Lbs./Cu. Ft.
1 Cu. M/Kg  0.0624 Cu. Ft./Lb.
Energy
1 HP  0.746 KW  746 Watts  2,545 BTU/h  1.0 kVA
1 KW  1,000 Watts  3,413 BTU/h  1.341 HP
1 Watt  3.413 BTU/h
1 Ton Ac  12,000 BTU/h Cooling  15,000 BTU/h Heat
Rejection
1 BTU/h  1 BTU per hour
1 BHP  34,500 BTU/h (33,472 BTU/h)  34.5 Lb.
Steam per hour  34.5 Lb. H2O/Hr.  0.069 GPM  4.14
GPH  140 EDR (Sq. Ft. of Equivalent Radiation)
1 Therm  100,000 BTU/h
1 MBH  1,000 BTU/h
1 Lb. Stm./Hr.  0.002 GPM
1 GPM  500 Lbs. Steam per hour
EDR  Equivalent Direct Radiation
1 EDR  0.000496 GPM  0.25 Lbs. Steam
Condensate per hour
1000 EDR  0.496 GPM
1 EDR Hot Water  150 BTU/h
1 EDR Steam  240 BTU/h
1 EDR  240 BTU/h (Up to 1,000 Ft. Above Sea Level)
1 EDR  230 BTU/h (1,000 Ft–3,000 Ft. Above
Sea Level)
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USEFUL HVAC CONVERSION MEASURES (cont.)

1 EDR  223 BTU/h (3,000 Ft.–5,000 Ft. Above Sea Level)

1 EDR  216 BTU/h (5,000 Ft.–7,000 Ft. Above Sea Level)
1 EDR  209 BTU/h (7,000 Ft.–10,000 Ft. Above Sea
Level)
Flow
1 mgd (million gal. per day)  1.547 Cu. Ft./Sec.
 694.4 GPM
1 Cu.Ft/Min.  62.43 Lbs. H2O/Min.  448.8 Gal. per
hour
Metric Conversions
KJ/Hr  BTU/h  1.055
CMM  CFM  0.02832
LPM  GPM  3.785
KJ/Lb.  BTU/lb.  2.326
Meters  Feet  0.3048
Sq. Meters  Sq. Feet  0.0929
Cu. Meters  Cu. Feet  0.02832
Kg  Pounds  0.4536
Kg/Cu. Meter  Pounds/Cu. Ft.  16.017
(Density)
Cu. Meters/Kg  Cu. Ft./Pound  0.0624
(Specific Volume)
Kg H2O/Kg DA  Gr H2O/Lb. DA/7,000 
Lb.H2O/Lb DA
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METRIC LIQUID VOLUME EQUIVALENTS

Metric U.S.
3.7854 L 1 gallon
0.946 L 1 quart
0.473 L 1 pint
1L 0.264 gallons
1L 33.814 ounces
29.576 ml 1 fluid ounce
236.584 ml 1 cup

METRIC LENGTH EQUIVALENTS

Metric U.S.
1m 39.37 inches
1m 3.28 feet
1m 1.094 yards
1m .0016 mile
1 km 0.625 miles
1.609 km 1 mile
25.4 mm 1 inch
2.54 cm 1 inch
304.8 mm 1 foot
1 mm 0.03937 inch
1 cm 0.3937 inch
1 dm 3.937 inches

METRIC PRESSURE CONVERSIONS

Measurement Equivalent
1 pound per square inch (psi) 6.8947 kPa
1 m column of water 9.794 kPa
10.2 cm of water 1 kPa
1 cm column of mercury 1.3332 kPa
1 inch of mercury (inHg) 3.3864 kPa
6 cm of mercury 8 kPa