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Assignment No 1 (Programing Fundamental)

This document provides an overview of programming languages, including their evolution and types. It discusses that programming languages allow programmers to communicate instructions to computers and are categorized as low-level or high-level. Low-level languages like machine language and assembly are closer to binary, while high-level languages like Python and C use commands resembling English. The document then outlines some important milestones in the evolution of programming languages from Ada Lovelace in 1843 to modern languages like Python, JavaScript, Java, PHP and TypeScript.

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36 views

Assignment No 1 (Programing Fundamental)

This document provides an overview of programming languages, including their evolution and types. It discusses that programming languages allow programmers to communicate instructions to computers and are categorized as low-level or high-level. Low-level languages like machine language and assembly are closer to binary, while high-level languages like Python and C use commands resembling English. The document then outlines some important milestones in the evolution of programming languages from Ada Lovelace in 1843 to modern languages like Python, JavaScript, Java, PHP and TypeScript.

Uploaded by

FLAME
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal

Campus

Assignment no. 01
Submitted by: Muhammad Waqas
Submitted to: Mr. Syed Ameer Ahmed
Roll no: SP22-BCS-198
Submission Date: 20-09-2022
What is programing language?
A programming language can be thought of as a computer language that programmers and software
developers use to communicate with computers and other digital devices. It is basically a set of
instructions or algorithms written in a specific locale such as Python or C whose primary purpose is to
perform various specific tasks.
Types of programing language:
In general, all computer programming languages, new or old, can be grouped into two main categories:

Low-level language:
Low-level languages are used to describe computer instructions in binary code, which is machine code
made up of the numbers 0 and 1. Examples of low-level languages are machine language and assembly
language. Machine language is the first generation of computer programming, using binary instructions
that can be interpreted directly by the CPU without translation. Assembly language is the second
generation of low-level computer programming. This type of language allows programmers to write
computer instructions using symbolic code instead of binary code that consists only of 0's and 1's.

High-level language:
A high-level language is a programming language that allows software developers to write computer
instructions using commands written in a human language such as English. Each high-level language has
its own set of rules and grammars for writing instructions for programming digital devices. These unique
sets of rules are commonly referred to as the "syntax" of a particular programming language. Unlike low-
level languages, coding instructions must first be translated into machine language before a program
written in a high-level language can be executed. Each high-level programming language uses its own
built-in translator.

Evolution of Programing Language:


In the digital age, where almost anything is instantly possible with just a few clicks, it's easy to forget how
far we've come in our incredible journey of technological advancement. Let's take a look at some of the
important evolutionary milestones in computer programming languages.

1843 – Ada Lovelace programs for Charles Babbage’s analytical engine:


In the digital age, where almost anything is instantly possible with just a few clicks, it's easy to forget how
far we've come in our incredible journey of technological advancement. Let's take a look at some of the
important evolutionary milestones in computer programming languages.

1949 – Assembly becomes first widely-used programming language type:


As mentioned earlier, this type of low-level programming language is important because it allowed
programmers to write code using symbols instead of binary code for the first time. Today, the same type
of computer programming is still used in real-time software such as simulated flight navigation systems
and medical monitoring equipment, and to create computer viruses.
1952 – Auto code becomes first compiled computer programming language:
Originally developed by Alik Glennie for the Mark 1 computer, Auto code is a term used for a family of
"simplified coding systems" that were later renamed programming languages, eventually including
examples such as Cobol and Fortran. was included. Although Fortran is not widely used in industry today,
it is still used by NASA and is still popular for scientific and engineering applications.

1957 – Fortran is designed for numeric computation and scientific computing:


Fortran was developed by John Backus and IBM and is considered the first high-level language to be
relatively easy to learn and widely applicable. Most importantly, Fortran allowed programmers to write
software 500 times faster than writing code in assembly or machine language. The software that ran
NASA's Voyager 1 and his 2 spacecraft was written in Fortran 5.

1959 – Cobol established as Common Business-Oriented Language:


Cobol became the first choice for business applications in 1997, and thanks to its popularity by IBM, 80%
of the world's businesses run on Cobol. As recently as 2020, the U.S. Treasury Department started down
the road to his Cobol-based IMF (Individual Master File) to support citizens and businesses as part of the
Corona Pandemic Relief Package.

1964 – BASIC (Beginners’ All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code):


Designed by John G. Kennedy and Thomas E. Kurtz, the BASIC programming language was designed to
be as accessible as possible and eventually came to dominate the home computer market that emerged in
the 1970s. That's not surprising. By 1991, Microsoft combined an updated version of BASIC with a visual
form builder to develop Visual Basic.

1972 – C begins to shape the future of the personal computer:


C is the mother of nearly all high-level languages and is still one of the most popular languages in the
world. It can be used to implement computer operating systems, embedded systems, and web
environments using the Common Gateway Interface (CGI). Programming languages descended from C
include C#, D, Go, Java, JavaScript, Limbo, Python, and more.

Python:
Nearly 50% of software developers now use the Python programming language. It's a high-level, human-
readable language supported by Google, Pinterest, Wikipedia, Instagram, and more.

JavaScript:
JavaScript is the paradigm-spanning dynamic programming language of choice for nearly 65% of today's
programmers. Supported by Microsoft, PayPal, Netflix, Uber, Facebook and more.

Java:
One of the most popular classic programming languages in use today, his Java is used by companies like
Spotify and Amazon for rapid software development and cost efficiency.

PHP:
Almost 22% of professionals in the world use his PHP language for scripting and his web development. It
is an open-source language characterized by simplicity, cost effectiveness and accessibility.

Typescript:
As of 2022, TypeScript is one of the top 10 most used professional programming languages for
simplifying JavaScript by making it easier to read and debug for several years in a row.

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