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Chapter 1

The document summarizes Renaissance architecture between the 15th and 17th centuries. It began in Italy and spread across Europe. There were three phases: Early Renaissance focused on tentative reuse of classical ideas. High Renaissance saw a full revival of classicism. Late Renaissance became more decorative and inventive in its reuse of classical themes. Key elements included symmetrical plans and facades, columns, arches, vaults, domes, and decorative details like pediments, niches and frescoes. Important architects included Brunelleschi, Alberti, Bramante, Palladio, and Michelangelo.

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61 views2 pages

Chapter 1

The document summarizes Renaissance architecture between the 15th and 17th centuries. It began in Italy and spread across Europe. There were three phases: Early Renaissance focused on tentative reuse of classical ideas. High Renaissance saw a full revival of classicism. Late Renaissance became more decorative and inventive in its reuse of classical themes. Key elements included symmetrical plans and facades, columns, arches, vaults, domes, and decorative details like pediments, niches and frescoes. Important architects included Brunelleschi, Alberti, Bramante, Palladio, and Michelangelo.

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nawal
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Ch1

⁃ Renaissance Architecture period between the early 15th and early 17th
⁃ representing a conscious revival and development of certain elements of
ancient Greek and Roman thought and material culture.
⁃ started in Italy and carried to France, Germany, England, Russia and
other parts of Europe
⁃ divided into three phases:
1. Early Renaissance(c. 1400 CE) tentative reuse of classical ideas
2. High Renaissance(c. 1500 CE)The full-blooded revival of classicism
3. Late Renaissance( c. 1520-1600 CE onwards)when architecture became much more
decorative and the reuse of classical themes ever more inventive.
⁃ Main Elements of Renaissance:

Plans :• Square or Rectangular • Symmetrical • Based on module


Facade• Symmetrical• Domestic buildings are often surrounded by cornice
Pillar :A large post used as supporting architecture Structural
Pilaster Pillar :A rectangular column from the wall gives the appearance of
support , but it is only for decoration
Columns Roman Columns : • Tuscan • Doric. • Ionic• Corinthian • Composite
Arches : Used in arcades supported on columns
Vault : The barrel vault and double barrel vault were popular. * They don’t have
ribs *They are semi-circular or segmental and on a square plan
Domes : The domes were used commonly *very large structural feature that was
visible from the exterior.
Ceilings :* Roofs are fitted with flat or coffered ceilings * They are frequently
painted or decorated.
Doors & windows: usually have square lintels. They may be set within an arch or
surmounted by a triangular or segmental pediment.
Pediment: triangular gable forming the end of the roof slope
Walls : External walls are generally of highly-finished ashlar masonry, laid in
straight courses.
Internal walls smoothly surfaced with white-chalk paint. For more formal spaces,
internal surfaces are decorated with frescoes.
• A fresco is a painting done rapidly in water colour on wet plaster on a wall or
ceiling
Stucco : is a fine exterior or interior plasterwork used as three- dimensional
ornamentation, as a smooth paintable surface.
• Niche- decorative recess set into a wall for the purpose of displaying
a statue, vase, font, or other object.
ARCHITECTS

• Filippo Brunelleschi: Dome of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence ( early


1400)ITALY
⁃ he created a double shell as was done in the Pantheon
⁃ Employed the Gothic pointed arch cross section
⁃ Designed special machines for construction.
⁃ Perspective
Foundling Hospital
first Building of the renaissance . *continuous arcade. * arcading is three
dimensional. * Use Corinthian columns *Design based roman architecture

• Leon Battista Alberti


⁃ He never studied architecture, his architectural studies were from the
researches he did
⁃ facade of Santa Maria Novella is considered his greatest achievement
⁃ Basilica of saint Andrea

High RenaissanceARCHITECTS (c. 1500 CE onwards)


• Donato Bramante
founder and the leader of the high renaissance
Tempietto San Pietro
tomb in a church *Circular plan*Symmetrical plan*16 column
Tempietto is often considered the crowning work of High Renaissance architecture.

Late Renaissance (c. 1600 CE onwards) : mannerism art , classical forms , balance
and harmony, postures

• Andrea Palladio
known for country houses and villas. Check plan in slide

• Michelangelo Buonarotti
sculptor, painter, architect, and poet who exerted an unparalleled influence on the
development of Western art

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