Scribd
Upload
54 views

CE - Unit 2 - Time Response of System and Time Domain Specifications

The document discusses time response analysis of control systems. It defines the time response as the output of a closed loop system over time. The time response has two parts: the transient response when the input changes and the steady-state response as time approaches infinity. Common test signals used to analyze systems include step, ramp, parabolic, and impulse signals.

Uploaded by

P POORNA CHANDRA REDDY
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
54 views

CE - Unit 2 - Time Response of System and Time Domain Specifications

The document discusses time response analysis of control systems. It defines the time response as the output of a closed loop system over time. The time response has two parts: the transient response when the input changes and the steady-state response as time approaches infinity. Common test signals used to analyze systems include step, ramp, parabolic, and impulse signals.

Uploaded by

P POORNA CHANDRA REDDY
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 38

B20EN0601

Control Engineering

Dr. Sankata Bhanjan Prusty


Associate Professor
School of ECE
REVA University,
Bangalore
Time Response Analysis
The time response of the system is the output of the closed loop system as a
function of time. It is denoted by c(t).
The time response can be obtained by solving the differential equation
governing the system.
Alternatively, the response c(t) can be obtained from the transfer function of the
system and the input to the system.
Time Response Analysis
Time Response Analysis
The time response of a control system consists of two parts.
1. Transient response
2. Steady-state response

Transient response
The transient response is the response of the system when the input changes
from one state to another.
Steady-state response
The steady-state response is the response as time t approaches infinity.
Test Signals
• The knowledge of input signal is required to predict the response of a system.
• In most of the systems, the input signals are not known ahead of time and also it is
difficult to express the input signals mathematically by simple equations.
• The characteristics of actual input signals are a sudden shock, a sudden change, a constant
velocity and a constant acceleration.
• Hence, test signals which resembles these characteristics are used as input signals to
predict the performance of the system.
• The commonly used test signals are impulse, step, ramp, acceleration and sinusoidal
signals.
Test Signals
The standard test signals are
• Step signal and Unit step signal
• Ramp signal and Unit ramp signal
• Parabolic signal and Unit parabolic signal
• Impulse signal
Step Signal
The step signal is a signal whose value ·changes from zero to A at t = 0 and remains
constant at A for t > 0.
The step signal resembles an actual steady input to a system.
A special case of step signal is unit step signal in which A is unity.
The mathematical representation of the step signal is

A ; t  0
r t  
0 ; t0
Ramp Signal
The ramp signal is a signal whose value increases linearly with time from an initial value
of zero at t = 0.
The ramp signal resembles an a constant velocity input to the system.
A special case of ramp signal is unit ramp signal in which the value of A is unity.
The mathematical representation of the ramp signal is

At ; t  0
r t  
 0 ; t0
Parabolic Signal
In parabolic signal, the instantaneous value varies as square of the time from an initial
value of zero at t = 0.
The sketch of the signal with respect to time resembles a parabola.
The parabolic signal resembles a constant acceleration input to the system.
A special case of parabo1ic signal is unit parabolic signal in which A is unity.
The mathematical representation of the parabolic signal is
 At 2
 ; t0
r t   2
 0 ; t0

Impulse Signal
A signal of very large magnitude which is available for very short duration is called
impulse signal.
Ideal impulse signal is a signal with infinite magnitude and zero duration but with an area
of A.
The unit impulse signal is a special case in which the value of A is unity.
The impulse signal is denoted by δ(t) and mathematically it is expressed as,

 ; t  0
t      t  dt  A
0 ; t  0 
Impulse Signal
A signal of very large magnitude which is available for very short duration is called
impulse signal.
Ideal impulse signal is a signal with infinite magnitude and zero duration but with an area
of A.
The unit impulse signal is a special case in which the value of A is unity.
The impulse signal is denoted by δ(t) and mathematically it is expressed as,

 ; t  0
t      t  dt  A
0 ; t  0 
Test Signals
Order of the System
Order of the System
First Order System
First Order System
Second Order System
Second Order System
Second Order System
Second Order System
Second Order System
Second Order System
Second Order System
Second Order System
Second Order System
Second Order System
Second Order System
Second Order System
Second Order System
Time Domain Specifications
Time Domain Specifications
Time Domain Specifications
Time Domain Specifications
Time Domain Specifications
Time Domain Specifications
Time Domain Specifications
Time Domain Specifications
Time Domain Specifications

You might also like