1 T. Mwafaq Jabateh 0797193814
1 T. Mwafaq Jabateh 0797193814
5. Present He/She/It مفرد has hasn't since/ for / already/ so far / just /
Perfect + V3 + V3 yet / ever /never / recently /
مضارع تام I/We/You/They جمع have haven't lately
7. Present He/She/It مفرد has all day / all night / for / since / for
Perfect + been + V-ing (5 years ) now/ seem / look مقترن
Continuous I/We/You/They جمع have بفعل مضارع
اذا كان ا لمفعول به على شكل ضمير فعند التحويل للمبني للمجهول يجب تحويل الضمير من حالة المفعول به الى حالة: ***مالحظة
الفاعل حسب الجدول االتي
Active Passive
1 They make these cars in Japan. These cars are made in Japan
2 I don’t keep the sugar in the fridge The sugar isn’t kept in the fridge by me.
3 Ali speaks four languages Four languages are spoken by Ali.
4 My friend doesn't clean the office every day. The office isn't cleaned by my friend every day
Active Passive
1 The Nabatens built Petra. Petra was built by the Nabatens
2 Someone stole the car last night The car was stolen last night
3 My mother bought some clothes yesterday. Some clothes were bought by my mother yesterday.
4 My father didn't fix the car in the garage The car wasn't fixed by my father in the garage.
Active Passive
1 I have sent a massage to my brother. A massage has been sent to my brother
2 Someone has changed the instructions The instructions have been changed.
3 They haven't painted their room yet. Their room hasn't been painted yet
Active Passive
1 Nour is going to make a delicious dinner A delicious dinner is going to be made tonight
tonight
2 The students are going to do a school A school project is going to be done this week
project this week
3 The students aren't going to present their Their project isn't going to be presented this week.
project this week.
3. CAUSATIVE
نستخدم هذه القاعدة عندما يطلب شخص ما من شخص آخر للقيام بالفعل بدال عنه
Subject + (had) + object ( ) قد يكون اسم او ضمير+ V3.
Examples:
I repaired my mobile phone. →I had my mobile phone repaired.
Direct Indirect
Today That day
Tonight That night
Tomorrow The day after / the following day
Next… The …..after / the following …
Last… The …before / the previous …
Yesterday The day before / the previous day
Now Then
ago Before
This That
These Those
Here There
Direct Example Indirect Example
Present 1. I like ice cream V2 5. He said that he liked ice cream.
simple 6. He said that his father didn’t like
2. My father doesn’t like didn‘t + V1 meat.
meat. 7. He said that he was sad
3. I am sad was (not) 8. They said that they were late.
4. We are late were (not)
Present - I am watching TV. was (not) + V_ing 1. She said that she was watching TV.
Continuous 2. They said that they weren’t
- We aren’t studying were (not) + V_ing studying Maths.
Maths.
Present 1. I have seen the film • He said that he had seen the film
Perfect recently. had (not) + V3 recently.
2. The mechanic hasn’t • He said that the mechanic hadn’t
fixed the car yet. fixed the car yet,
Present • I have been waiting for had (not) been + • She said that she had been
Perfect more than hour. V _ing waiting for more than an hour
Continuous
Past simple • I cleaned my bedroom. • She said that she had cleaned her
had (not) + V3 bedroom.
• I wasn’t sad yesterday • He said that he hadn’t been sad
the day before.
• We were late last week • They said that they had been late
the week before.
Past • I was watching TV. • She said that she had been
Continuous had (not) been + V watching TV.
• We weren’t studying _ing • They said that they hadn’t been
Maths. studying Maths.
( will/ • I'll see you later ( would/ should / • He said he would see me later.
shall/ may might/ could/ ) +
/can/) V1
( must • I must study at the must + V1 • She said (that) she must study at
+V1) weekend had to + V1 the weekend OR She said she had
to study at the weekend
2. MODALS
EX1. Complete each of the following items so that the item has a similar meaning to the one before it.
1. Perhaps Ali's phone is reused. (might ) Ali's phone ___________________________________.
2. I am sure that Ali needs money . ( must ) Ali _________________________________________ .
3. I’m sure that these people are not Bedouin. _________________________________________.
4. I’m not sure that these people are Bedouin. _________________________________________.
5. It’s possible that Ammar will win the race. Ammar ___________________________________ .
Subject + must / might / can't + have +V3 +co ← توقع شيء بالماضي او المضارع التام
EX2. Complete each of the following items so that the item has a similar meaning to the one before it.
1. It was raining heavily. I am sure he got wet. ( must have )
Ali _______________________________________________________________________.
2. Ali got bad marks. I am unsure he has studied ( might have )
Ali _______________________________________________________________________.
4. Consequence of time
After+ S+ Past perfect ( had+V3)+C , S + Past simple (V2) +C
S + Past simple (V2) +C after + S+ Past perfect ( had+V3)+C
Complete each of the following items so that the item has a similar meaning to the one before it.
1. Tala took three English courses in the British Council and then she went to Britain to study medicine.
Before Tala __________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Jawad worked very hard for several years, and then he bought a new car.
The sentence that has a similar meaning to the one above is:
a. Before Jawad had bought a new car, he worked very hard for several years.
b. Before Jawad had worked very hard for several years, he bought a new car.
c. Before Jawad worked very hard for several years, he had bought a new car.
d. Before Jawad bought a new car, he had worked very hard for several years.
3. Lina took medical training courses in France and then she went back home.
The sentence that has a similar meaning to the one above is:
a. Before Lina took medical training courses in France, she went back home.
b. Before Lina went back home, she had taken medical training courses in France.
c. Before Lina had taken medical training courses in France, she went back home.
d. Before Lina had gone back home, she took medical training courses in France.
1. RELATIVE PRONOUNS
1. who / that
• Ali who lives next to the park is my friend.
• I visited Omar who has a nice house next to ours.
2. whose: → اسم+ whose + اسم
• Rami whose car is red is a nice man.
• I will buy the cat whose hair is yellow.
3. Where: → اسم مكان+ where + فاعل+ فعل
• Irbid where Sami lives is a very beautiful city.
• Salma is living in Amman where her father was born.
4. When: → اسم زمان+ when + فاعل+ فعل
• The year was 1977 when I was born.
• The year when Khaled graduated was full of joy.
5. Which/that: → اسم مكان( اسم غير عاقل/ ) اسم زمان+ (which/that )+ فعل
• I will fix the chair which has three legs
• Irbid which lies in the north of Jordan is beautiful.
• Muna studies in the school which has a nice location.
• I like the year 2004 which was my wedding year
• 2011 is the year which contains the most important events
14. _____________ Jabir Ibn Hayyan did his research in a laboratory was Iraq.
A) The country when B) The year when C) The place when D) The country where
20. The person who won Nobel Prize for literature in 1988 was Naguib Mahfouz
A) The year when Naguib Mahfouz won Nobel Prize for literature was 1988
B) The person who won Nobel Prize for literature in 1988 was Naguib Mahfouz
C) It was Naguib Mahfouz who won Nobel Prize for literature in 1988
D) The thing that Naguib Mahfouz won in 1988 was Nobel Prize for literature
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T. MWAFAQ JABATE