‫الجود ف اللغة اإلنجليية‬

‫للصف الثان الثانوي األكاديم‬

‫قواعد الفصل الدراس االول‬

‫‪2021 - 2022‬‬

‫اعداد‪ :‬موفق جباعتة ‪ /‬مدارس الجود لإلبداع والتميز الدولية‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪T. Mwafaq Jabateh‬‬ ‫‪0797193814‬‬

UNIT ONE
1. TENSES

Tense Form Affirmative Negative/ Key words

1. Simple he/she/it/‫مفرد‬ V1+s/es / ies doesn't + V1 always/ usually/ normally/ often /
Present regularly /sometimes / seldom /
I/we/you/they/‫جمع‬ V1+‫مجرد‬ don't + V1 daily / weekly
2. Simple he/she/it/‫مفرد‬ V2 (visited) yesterday / last / ago /
Past I/we/you/they/‫جمع‬ V2 (went ) didn't + V1 in 1999/ in the past

3. Present He/She/It ‫مفرد‬ is isn't now/ at the moment / right now/

Continuous We/You/They ‫جمع‬ are + V-ing aren’t + V-ing nowadays / Look! / Be careful! /
I am am not Listen! / these days

4. Past I/He/She/It ‫مفرد‬ was wasn't when / while (as)

Continuous + V-ing + V-ing When + V2 , (was/were) +V-ng
We/You/They‫جمع‬ were weren't While + (was/were) +V-ng , V2

5. Present He/She/It ‫مفرد‬ has hasn't since/ for / already/ so far / just /
Perfect + V3 + V3 yet / ever /never / recently /
‫مضارع تام‬ I/We/You/They ‫جمع‬ have haven't lately

6. Past He/She/It ‫مفرد‬ Before / After / by + ‫زمن ماض‬

Perfect had + V3 hadn't + V3 By 2010 ( had + V3)
‫ماض تام‬ I/We/You/They ‫جمع‬ Before ( V2) , had+V3
After (had+V3) , V2

7. Present He/She/It ‫مفرد‬ has all day / all night / for / since / for
Perfect + been + V-ing (5 years ) now/ seem / look ‫مقترن‬
Continuous I/We/You/They ‫جمع‬ have ‫بفعل مضارع‬

8. Past He/She/It ‫مفرد‬ all +time , how long , since , for,

Perfect had + been + V-ing seemed, looked
Continuous I/We/You/They ‫جمع‬ ‫مقترن بفعل ماضي‬

9. Simple He/She/It ‫مفرد‬ will + ‫مجرد‬ tomorrow /next (week) /tonight

Future I/We/You/They ‫جمع‬ won't + ‫مجرد‬ ‫ تنبؤ بدون دليل‬/‫قرارات مفاجئة‬
with will perhaps / maybe /probably / likely/ I think

10. Future He/She/It ‫مفرد‬ is tomorrow /next (week) /tonight

be going to We/You/They ‫جمع‬ are + going to + V1 ‫تنبؤ بدليل‬/‫خطط مستقبلية‬
I am plan / intend / arrange

11. Future He/She/It ‫مفرد‬ will be + V-ing At this time (tomorrow) ,

Continuous I/We/You/They ‫جمع‬ won’t be + V-ing (thirty minutes from now) , (later in …)
(in five years’ time)
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12. Future He/She/It ‫مفرد‬ will have + V3 By (2025 CE) , (By the time + V.1) , (Three
Perfect I/We/You/They ‫جمع‬ won’t have + V3 hours from now), (by five o’clock) , (by
then)

Choose the correct answer

1. I was driving to work when the engine _____________ working.

a. stops b. were stopping c. is stopped d. stopped
2. Nadia ___________ her homework for two hours.
a. have done b. have been doing c. has been doing d. had been done
3. I can’t call my father right now. He _________ the plane. It takes off in an hour.
a. was boarding b. would be boarded c. was boarded d. will be boarding
4. I _________ the house. That’s why I have paint on my clothes.
a. have been painting b. have been painted c. has painted d. has been painting
5. Salam ______ her report when the light in her room switched itself off.
a. was typing b. is typing c. types d. was typed
6. My mother was very tired; she _______ all afternoon for a special family dinner.
a. is cooking b. has been cooking c. cooks d. had been cooking
7. We won’t be home tomorrow night. We _____ the football match at the stadium.
a. were watching b. will be watching c. have watched d. had been watching
8. The kids _________ football in the park before it started to rain.
a. have played b. are playing c. play d. had played
9. My sister was very busy yesterday as she _______ for a special occasion.
a. had been preparing b. has been prepared c. prepares d. is preparing
10. This time tomorrow, we __________ because we will have finished our exams.
a. would have celebrated b. will be celebrating
c. will have celebrated d. had been celebrating
11. I _________ my car. That’s why my hands are dirty.
a. have been cleaned b. have been cleaning c. am cleaned d. had been cleaned
12. This month next year, Ahmad _________ his final presentation in the university before graduation.
a. discuss b. has discussed c. will be discussing d. is discussed
13. The books that you ordered _____ by the end of the week.
a. will not have arrived b. will have not arrived
c. would have not arrived d. would not have arrived
14. When my classmates ______ volleyball, I sent my project proposal to my teacher by the email.
a. play b. were playing c. playing d. are playing
15. This time next year, they ________ for their final exams.
a. will be preparing b. have prepared c. had been preparing d. would be prepared
16. What do you think you _______ in two years’ time?
a. would do b. were doing c. will be doing d. would be doing
17. Manal ______ very hard for several weeks before she did her final exams.
a. is working b. had been working c. has been working d. has worked
18. We are late! By the time we get to the station, the train ______ .
a. would have gone b. will have gone c. had been gone d. has been gone
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19. Where ____ they ____ in ten years’ time?
a. would/be lived b. will/be lived c. will/be living d. have/been lived
20. Ramzi has broken his leg. It ______ take a long time to get better.
a. will be b. was going to c. would d. is going to
21. By the time the bus arrived, we ______ for two hours.
a. are waiting b. have waited c. have been waiting d. had been waiting
22. Ghina ________ her bedroom when her friends arrived to her house.
a. is cleaning b. were cleaning c. was cleaning d. will be cleaning
23. Students in my country ______ their classes online since last semester.
a. are intended b. has been attending c. would attend d. have been attending
24. By 2025, I hope researchers __________ a cure for cancer.
a. will have found b. found c. have been found d. had found
25. This time next year, they _______ for their final exams.
a. were preparing b. will be preparing c. has been prepared d. is prepared
26. Children often _______ computers better than their parents.
a. is used b. use c. were using d. had used
27. In thirty years' time, scientists ______________ a cure for cancer.
a. found b. find c. will have found d. were finding
28. By the end of this month, we _____________ in this house for a year.
a. have lived b. lived c. will have lived
29. My family _____________ a trip to Europe every year
a. plans b. was being planned c. would plan d. is planned
30. According to Kate's schedule, she __________ her business partner next Tuesday.
a. would be met b. will be met c. was going to meet d. is going to meet
31. While my father __________ a book, our neighbour came to visit us.
a. is read b. reads c. was reading d. is being read
32. My uncle __________ working at the company for five years when he got a promotion.
a. is b. have been c. had been d. will be
33. Look! The plane __________ to take off.
a. go b. is going c. was going d. were going
34. Fatima _________ her work for two hours before she left the house.
a. am doing b. is doing c. had been doing d. have been doing
35. I think humans _________ to Mars in 2070.
a. will travel b. were going to travel c. have travelled d. had been travelled
36. We are late! By the time we get to the airport, the plane _________ .
a. will have gone b. go c. went d. had gone
37. People _______ microwaves in their houses since they were invented.
a. have been used b. had used c. were using d. have been using
38. We won’t be home tomorrow night. We _____ the football match at the stadium.
a. will be watching b. have watched c. have been watching d. were watching

4 T. Mwafaq Jabateh 0797193814

2. PASSIVE VOICE

‫اذا كان ا لمفعول به على شكل ضمير فعند التحويل للمبني للمجهول يجب تحويل الضمير من حالة المفعول به الى حالة‬: ‫***مالحظة‬
‫الفاعل حسب الجدول االتي‬

Subject Pronouns I They We You He She It

Object Pronouns Me Them Us You Him Her It

1. Present simple passive:

Tense Active Passive

S + V1 ( s, es, ies ) + O O+( is ,are , am) + V3
1 present simple
S + ( don't/ doesn't) + V1 + O O+( isn't ,aren't , am not) + V3

Active Passive
1 They make these cars in Japan. These cars are made in Japan
2 I don’t keep the sugar in the fridge The sugar isn’t kept in the fridge by me.
3 Ali speaks four languages Four languages are spoken by Ali.
4 My friend doesn't clean the office every day. The office isn't cleaned by my friend every day

2. Past simple passive:

Tense Active Passive

S + V2 + O O+( was ,were)+ V3
2 past simple
S + didn't V1 + O O+( wasn't ,weren't)+ V3

Active Passive
1 The Nabatens built Petra. Petra was built by the Nabatens
2 Someone stole the car last night The car was stolen last night
3 My mother bought some clothes yesterday. Some clothes were bought by my mother yesterday.
4 My father didn't fix the car in the garage The car wasn't fixed by my father in the garage.

3. Present Perfect passive:

Tense Active Passive
S +( has , have) + V3 + O O+ (has , have) + been + V3
3 present perfect
S +( hasn't , haven't) + V3 + O O+ (hasn't , haven't) + been + V3

Active Passive
1 I have sent a massage to my brother. A massage has been sent to my brother
2 Someone has changed the instructions The instructions have been changed.
3 They haven't painted their room yet. Their room hasn't been painted yet

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4. Modal Verbs- passive:
Tense Active Passive
Modals (will / should/ can ) S+ Modal + base +O O+ Modal+ be + V3
4
(have to / has to /had to ) S+ Modal (not )+ base +O O+ Modal (not) + be + V3
Examples:
Active Passive
1 He will pass the exam The exam will be passed
2 You may help the kids The kids may be helped
3 I can't fix my car My car can't be fixed

5. Be going to- passive:

Tense Active Passive
be going S+( is, are ,am)+ going to +base+ O O+ (is ,are ,am)+ going to + be +V3
5
to S+( is, are ,am) (not) + going to +base+ O O+ (is ,are ,am) (not) + going to + be +V3

Active Passive
1 Nour is going to make a delicious dinner A delicious dinner is going to be made tonight
tonight
2 The students are going to do a school A school project is going to be done this week
project this week
3 The students aren't going to present their Their project isn't going to be presented this week.
project this week.

Choose the correct answer

1- I am afraid that my laptop _______________ by somebody else yesterday.

a. was used b. are used c. will use
2- Three of my articles ___________ last month in the local newspaper.
a. have published b. has been published c. will be published d. were published
3- Many new parks __________ in my town last year.
a. was built b. were built c. would built d. have built
4- Many gallons of fresh milk __________ every day.
a. are drunk b. is drinking c. drank d. are drinking
5- The book __________ into English from the _______ text.
a. has translated / original b. has been translated / original
c. has been translated / origenal d. has translated / origenal
6. Some medicine ______ for my grandfather to treat migraine monthly.
a. prescribes b. is prescribed c. are prescribed d. will prescribe
7. My parents have saved enough money to buy a new car.
6 T. Mwafaq Jabateh 0797193814
a. Enough money has been saved to buy a new car.
b. Enough money hasn’t been saved to buy a new car.
c. Enough money had been saved to buy a new car.
d. Enough money hadn’t been saved to buy a new car.
8. The latest historical film _______ many times on the old theater last month.
a. had displayed b. is displayed c. was displayed d. were displayed
9. Many wild animals become more aggressive when they ___________ .
a. are captured b. capturing c. had been captured d. has captured
10. In the future, it ___________ that over 40% of the population in Jordan will have a smartphone.
a. is estimated b. estimate c. are estimated d. was estimated
11. People have been using smartphones since they _________in the early 2000s.
a. have invented b. invent c. are invented d. were invented

3. CAUSATIVE
‫نستخدم هذه القاعدة عندما يطلب شخص ما من شخص آخر للقيام بالفعل بدال عنه‬
Subject + (had) + object (‫ ) قد يكون اسم او ضمير‬+ V3.
Examples:
I repaired my mobile phone. →I had my mobile phone repaired.

Choose the correct answer

1. I had my phone ____________ after I dropped it .

a. repaired b. had repaired c. repair d. repairing
2. I had my new apartment _____________ before my birthday party.
a. had decorated b. decorating c. decorated d. decorates
3. I asked someone to send my text message. The correct causative form of the sentence above is:
a. I have sent my message b. I had my text message sent
c. My text message was sent. d. I had sent my text message.
4. Ibrahim ______ his new dental clinic ______ last week.
a. has/ furnished b. had/ furnished c. is/ furnished d. was/furnished
5. Rayan had his computer ________ as it had stopped working.
a. is repaired b. repaired c. was repaired d. will repair
6. Khalid had his new novel ________ into three different languages.
a. is translated b. was translated c. translated d. will translate

7 T. Mwafaq Jabateh 0797193814

UNIT TWO
1. REPORTED SPEECH

Rules for changing the pronouns :

subject Object Possessive
I → he / she me → him / her my → His /her
You → he / she / I / they you → him /her/me/them your → his / her / my
We → they us → them our → their

Rules for changing some expressions

Direct Indirect
Today That day
Tonight That night
Tomorrow The day after / the following day
Next… The …..after / the following …
Last… The …before / the previous …
Yesterday The day before / the previous day
Now Then
ago Before
This That
These Those
Here There
Direct Example Indirect Example
Present 1. I like ice cream V2 5. He said that he liked ice cream.
simple 6. He said that his father didn’t like
2. My father doesn’t like didn‘t + V1 meat.
meat. 7. He said that he was sad
3. I am sad was (not) 8. They said that they were late.
4. We are late were (not)

Present - I am watching TV. was (not) + V_ing 1. She said that she was watching TV.
Continuous 2. They said that they weren’t
- We aren’t studying were (not) + V_ing studying Maths.
Maths.
Present 1. I have seen the film • He said that he had seen the film
Perfect recently. had (not) + V3 recently.
2. The mechanic hasn’t • He said that the mechanic hadn’t
fixed the car yet. fixed the car yet,

Present • I have been waiting for had (not) been + • She said that she had been
Perfect more than hour. V _ing waiting for more than an hour
Continuous

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 Direct Example Indirect Example

Past simple • I cleaned my bedroom. • She said that she had cleaned her
had (not) + V3 bedroom.
• I wasn’t sad yesterday • He said that he hadn’t been sad
the day before.
• We were late last week • They said that they had been late
the week before.
Past • I was watching TV. • She said that she had been
Continuous had (not) been + V watching TV.
• We weren’t studying _ing • They said that they hadn’t been
Maths. studying Maths.
( will/ • I'll see you later ( would/ should / • He said he would see me later.
shall/ may might/ could/ ) +
/can/) V1
( must • I must study at the must + V1 • She said (that) she must study at
+V1) weekend had to + V1 the weekend OR She said she had
to study at the weekend

Choose the correct answer

1. " I am studying English a lot now. " -Rami said that he _________________ English a lot then.
a. studies b. studied c. was studying d. had studied
2. “ I went to the theater with my friends.”
The correct reported speech of the sentence above is:
a. Ibrahim said that he had gone to the theater with his friends.
b. Ibrahim said that he have gone to the theater with my friends.
c. Ibrahim said that he went to the theater with her friends.
d. Ibrahim said that he has gone to the theater with his friends.

3. “ I visit my grandparents this morning.”

a. Huda said that she visited my grandparents this morning.
b. Huda said that she had visited her grandparents this morning.
c. Huda said that she visited my grandparents that morning.
d. Huda said that she visited her grandparents that morning.

4. “ We are visiting the museum today.”

a. Marwan said that they are visiting the museum that day.
b. Marwan said that we were visiting the museum this day.
c. Marwan said that they were visiting the museum that day.
d. Marwan said that we were visiting the museum today.
9 T. Mwafaq Jabateh 0797193814
5. “ I’d already been living in London for five years.”
a. My friend said that he has already been living in London for five years.
b. My friend said that he had already been living in London for five years.
c. My friend said that he had already lived in London for five years.
d. My friend said that he had already been lived in London for five years.

6. “I have been to Baghdad three times with my family.”

a. Ban told Sameera that they have been to Baghdad three times with my family.
b. Ban told Sameera that I had been to Baghdad three times with your family.
c. Ban told Sameera that we have been to Baghdad three times with her family.
d. Ban told Sameera that she had been to Baghdad three times with her family.

7. “Rashed went to the stadium an hour ago.”

a. Ayman told Arwa that Rashed had gone to the stadium an hour before.
b. Ayman told Arwa that Rashed went to the stadium an hour ago.
c. Ayman told Arwa that Rashed has gone to the stadium before an hour.
d. Ayman told Arwa that Rashed had gone to the stadium an hour later.

8. “Shadi didn’t like the food in the restaurant an hour ago.”

a. Hazem told Aisha that Shadi hadn’t liked the food in the restaurant an hour before.
b. Hazem told Aisha that Shadi had liked the food in the restaurant an hour before.
c. Hazem told Aisha that Shadi hasn’t liked the food in the restaurant an hour ago.
d. Hazem told Aisha that Shadi liked the food in the restaurant before an hour.

9. “We were painting our living room yesterday.”

a. Marwan told Ali that they were painting their living room the day after.
b. Marwan told Ali that they have been painting their living room the day before.
c. Marwan told Ali that they were painting our living room the day after.
d. Marwan told Ali that they had been painting their living room the day before.

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2. USED TO / BE USED TO
1. Used to + V1: to describe past habits or past states that have now changed
‫وصف عادات انتهت او حاالت تغيرت االن‬
used to
subject didn't use to + ‫فعل مجرد‬
did + ‫ فاعل‬+ use to ?

1. My mother used to buy my clothes, but now I choose my own.

2. She used to be a teacher, but now she’s retired.
3. I used to like cartoon films when I was younger. These days I prefer action films.
2. Be used to: to describe things that are familiar or customary ‫وصف عادة ما زالت قائمة حتى االن‬
present past
I am was Noun
he / she / it is was used to Pronoun
we / you / they are were V-ing
1. We've lived in the city a long time, so we are used to the traffic.
2. I didn't like getting up early, but I am used to it now.
3. She's lived in the UK for a year. She is used to speaking English now

( used to ) ‫قاعدة تحويل‬

It is normal for + ‫ فاعل‬+ to + ‫فعل مجرد‬

‫ فاعل‬+ be used to + V-ing

Examples
1-It is normal for Sami now to repair cars.
Sami is used to repairing cars.

Choose the correct option, a, b, c or d

1. My friend has lived in Egypt for a year. She says she _________living there now.
a. is used to b. used to c. didn't use to d. am not used to
2. It is normal for me now to work from home.
The sentence which has similar meaning to the one above is:
a. I am used to working from home now. b. I used to work from home.
c. I used to working from home now. d. I am not used to working from home now.
3. Where did Maha __________ to school?
a. used to go b. use going c. use to go d. use to going
4. It is normal for most Jordanian people to cook Mansaf in the wedding party.
Most Jordanian people ________________________ .
a. used to cooking Mansaf in the wedding party. b. are used to cooking Mansaf in the wedding party.
c. are used to cook Mansaf in the wedding party. d. are use to cook Mansaf in the wedding party.
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5. I had difficulty in driving cars in the past, but now I can drive well.
The sentence which has similar meaning to the one above is:
a. I am used to driving cars well now. b. I used to drive cars well in the past.
c. I am used to drive cars well now. d. I used to driving cars well in the past.
6. There _________ be some pollution, but these days it is a global problem.
a. didn’t use to b. was used to c. wasn’t used to d. don’t use to
7. My grandfather retired a month ago. He isn’t __________ nothing to do all day.
a. use to have b. used having c. used to having d. used to have
8. I _________ like cartoon films when I was younger. These days I prefer action films.
a. am used to b. use to c. used to d. am not used to
9. We needed warm clothes when we went to London. We _________ the cold weather.
a. used to b. are used to c. is used to d. weren’t used to
10. It is normal for most doctors now to treat patients in their clinics.
The sentence which has similar meaning to the one above is:
a. Most doctors used to treating patients in their clinics.
b. Most doctors are used to treating patients in their clinics.
c. Most doctors used to treat patients in their clinics.
d. Most doctors are used to treat patients in their clinics.
11. My family and I _________ go camping once a month, but we stopped doing that when we moved to the
city.
a. are used to b. use to c. used to d. aren’t used to
12. Joining a gym can be very tiring at first if you _________ doing much exercise.
a. used to b. were used to c. is used to d. aren’t used to

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UNIT THREE
1. Verbs + to+ V1 / Verbs + gerunds

Choose the correct option, a, b, c or d

1. He enjoys _____________ football. (play , playing , played )
2. Before you find a full-time job, why don’t you consider _______ voluntary work? ( doing , do , does )
3. Why did the Indian man decide to rear / rearing an elephant?
4. Do you mind _________ me how I should draw up a timetable? ( tell , told, telling )
5. I regret ________ to bed late last night. ( go, went , going )
6. Our school hopes to raise / raising enough money to build a new library.
9. I intend to apply / applying for a job when I finish university.
8. We had the computer repaired because it had stopped _________ . (to work / working / works)
9. I want to get / getting a tablet, but I can’t afford to buy / buying one at the moment.
10. How are students able to afford to leave / leaving home?
11. Many hospitals plan to use / using robots to help nurses in the future.

2. MODALS

A. Explaining Possibility and Certainty

Must = certain / sure
can't = (certain / sure)→ not
Might = uncertain / not sure / possible / probable / likely / maybe / perhaps
Subject + must / might / can't + base + com ← ‫توقع شيء بالحاضر او المستقبل‬

EX1. Complete each of the following items so that the item has a similar meaning to the one before it.
1. Perhaps Ali's phone is reused. (might ) Ali's phone ___________________________________.
2. I am sure that Ali needs money . ( must ) Ali _________________________________________ .
3. I’m sure that these people are not Bedouin. _________________________________________.
4. I’m not sure that these people are Bedouin. _________________________________________.
5. It’s possible that Ammar will win the race. Ammar ___________________________________ .

Subject + must / might / can't + have +V3 +co ← ‫توقع شيء بالماضي او المضارع التام‬
EX2. Complete each of the following items so that the item has a similar meaning to the one before it.
1. It was raining heavily. I am sure he got wet. ( must have )
Ali _______________________________________________________________________.
2. Ali got bad marks. I am unsure he has studied ( might have )
Ali _______________________________________________________________________.

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3. Explaining prohibition
1. don't have to, does not have to: not necessary
2. must not: not allowed to
3. can: allowed
EX1. Complete each of the following items so that the item has a similar meaning to the one before it.
1. It isn’t necessary to switch off the screen. (have) ‫جملة الكتاب‬
You ______________________________________________________________________ .
2. You are not allowed to touch this machine. (must) ‫جملة الكتاب‬
You _______________________________________________________________________ .
3. You are allowed to use your mobile phone in the classroom. ( can)
____________________________________________________________________________

4. Consequence of time
After+ S+ Past perfect ( had+V3)+C , S + Past simple (V2) +C
S + Past simple (V2) +C after + S+ Past perfect ( had+V3)+C

Before+ S + Past simple (V2) +C , S+ Past perfect ( had+V3)+C

S+ Past perfect ( had+V3)+C before + S + Past simple (V2) +C

Complete each of the following items so that the item has a similar meaning to the one before it.

1. Tala took three English courses in the British Council and then she went to Britain to study medicine.
Before Tala __________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Jawad worked very hard for several years, and then he bought a new car.
The sentence that has a similar meaning to the one above is:
a. Before Jawad had bought a new car, he worked very hard for several years.
b. Before Jawad had worked very hard for several years, he bought a new car.
c. Before Jawad worked very hard for several years, he had bought a new car.
d. Before Jawad bought a new car, he had worked very hard for several years.

3. Lina took medical training courses in France and then she went back home.
The sentence that has a similar meaning to the one above is:
a. Before Lina took medical training courses in France, she went back home.
b. Before Lina went back home, she had taken medical training courses in France.
c. Before Lina had taken medical training courses in France, she went back home.
d. Before Lina had gone back home, she took medical training courses in France.

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UNIT FOUR

1. RELATIVE PRONOUNS
1. who / that
• Ali who lives next to the park is my friend.
• I visited Omar who has a nice house next to ours.
2. whose: → ‫ اسم‬+ whose + ‫اسم‬
• Rami whose car is red is a nice man.
• I will buy the cat whose hair is yellow.
3. Where: → ‫ اسم مكان‬+ where + ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫فعل‬
• Irbid where Sami lives is a very beautiful city.
• Salma is living in Amman where her father was born.
4. When: → ‫ اسم زمان‬+ when + ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫فعل‬
• The year was 1977 when I was born.
• The year when Khaled graduated was full of joy.
5. Which/that: → ‫ اسم مكان( اسم غير عاقل‬/ ‫ ) اسم زمان‬+ (which/that )+ ‫فعل‬
• I will fix the chair which has three legs
• Irbid which lies in the north of Jordan is beautiful.
• Muna studies in the school which has a nice location.
• I like the year 2004 which was my wedding year
• 2011 is the year which contains the most important events

Choose the correct answer.

1. I think there’d be a lot of children ________ would love to have a climbing wall in school.
a. which b. when c. who d. where
2. “Physician” is an old-fashioned word _______ means “doctor”.
a. when b. who c. where d. which
3. The prize _________________ Huda won last year was for Art.
a. which b. where c. who d. when
4. The students _________________ cleaned the street, are from our school.
a. which b. whose c. who d. when
5. Plastic is the material _________________ causes a lot of pollution.
a. which b. whose c. who d. where
6. Thank you very much for your email ___________ was very interesting.
a. which b. whose c. who d. when
7. I always go to the supermarket ___________ sells organic vegetables.
a. which b. whose c. who d. whom
8. I would like to take you to a café ____________ serves excellent coffee.
a. which b. where c. who d. when

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9. It was Jabir Bin Hayyan ____________ invented ink that can be read in the dark.
a. which b. where c. who d. when
10. The year ____________ the great mosque in Cordoba was built was 784 CE.
a. which b. where c. who d. when
11. The person ____________ won the prize for Art last year was Sara.
a. which b. where c. who d. when
12. The country ________ the scientists did their research was Jordan.
a. whose b. where c. who d. when
13. It was the month of Ramadan _______ Ibn Sina died.
a. which b. who c. where d. when
14. The Aqaba beach is the place _______ I enjoy watching the sunset.
a. who b. when c. whose d. where
15. The person _______ my brother bought a new mobile from was his friend.
a. where b. when c. whose d. who
16. Ibn Sina ____________ is also known as Avicenna was a polymath.
a. which b. who c. where d. when
17. Thank you very much for your e-mail ________ was interesting.
a. where b. who c. when d. which
18. Ali, __________ mother is a professor, forgot his umbrella.
a. whose b. when c. where d. who
19. The old hotel __________ we stayed last week was really big.
a. when b. where c. who d. whose
20. It was the night __________ the rescue team arrived at the scene of the accident.
a. where b. when c. which d. who
21. I saw the shoes ___________ you bought last week on sale for less this week.
a. whose b. when c. which d. where
22. Ali is the person __________ is believed to be responsible for the design of the tower.
a. whose b. who c. when d. where
23. It is for his work in geometry _______ AL-Kindi is especially famous.
a. who b. that c. where d. when
24. My father _________ loves exploring historical Roman ruins will certainly find a visit to Qasr Bashir very
interesting.
a. who b. when c. which d. where
25. The cake _________ my mother made tasted really great.
a. who b. that c. when d. where
27. The thing ___________ Ali ibn Nafi’ ______ in the world was the musical theory.
A) that / revolotionised B) which / revolutionised
C) who / rivolutionised D) whose / revolutionised

16 T. Mwafaq Jabateh 0797193814

2. CLEFT SENTENCES
Function: To emphasize certain pieces of information

The thing/ things which / that

The person/ people who / that
The time/ year when / in which + ‫كل الجملة بدون الكلمة المؤكدة‬+ verb to be +
The place/the city/ country where emphasized part
The reason why
The way in which

• Huda won the prize for Art in 1999 in Madaba.

The person who won the prize for Art in 1999 in Madaba was Huda
• Huda won the prize for Art in 1999 in Madaba.
The year when (in which) Huda won the prize for Art in Madaba was 1999
• Huda won the prize for Art in 1999 in Madaba.
The city where Huda won the prize of Art in 1999 was Madaba
• Huda won the prize for Art in 1999 in Madaba.
The thing that Huda won in 1999 in Madaba was the prize for Art
The prize that Huda won in 1999 in Madaba was for Art
It ‫ما ى‬
+ (is / was) + emphasized part + relative pronoun + ‫تبق من الجملة‬
• Huda won the prize for Art in 1999 in Madaba.
It was Huda who/that won the prize for Art in 1999 in Madaba.
• Huda won the prize for Art in 1999 in Madaba.
It was 1999 when Huda won the prize for Art in Madaba.
It was in 1999 that Huda won the prize for Art in Madaba.
• Huda won the prize for Art in 1999 in Madaba.
It was Madaba where Huda won the prize of Art in 1999.

The (thing/things) that

The (person/people) who ‫ى‬
+ ‫ما تبق من الجملة‬
Emphasized part verb to be The time when
The place where
The way in which
• Huda won the prize for Art in 1999 in Madaba.
Huda was the person who won the prize for Art in 1999 in Madaba
• Huda won the prize for Art in 1999 in Madaba.
1999 was the year when Huda won the prize for Art in Madaba
• Huda won the prize for Art in 1999 in Madaba.
Madaba was the place where Huda won the prize of Art in 1999
• Huda won the prize for Art in 1999 in Madaba.
The prize for Art was the thing that Huda won in 1999 in Madaba
17 T. Mwafaq Jabateh 0797193814
Choose the correct answer to from A, B, C or D to complete the following sentence.

Choose the correct answer

1. The heat made the journey unpleasant.

The thing ___________________________________________.
A) which made the journey unpleasant was the heat
B) where made the journey unpleasant was the heat
C) who made the journey unpleasant was the heat
D) when made the journey unpleasant was the heat

2. The person ________________________________________ .

A) who invented Al- Jazari the mechanical clock was in the twelfth century.
B) who invented in the twelfth century the mechanical clock was Al- Jazari.
C) who invented the twelfth century in the mechanical clock was Al- Jazari.
D) who invented in the twelfth century Al- Jazari was the mechanical clock.

3. The heat made the journey unpleasant.

A) The journey which I made was unpleasant
B) It was the heat which made the journey unpleasant.
C) The journey which I made was unpleasant because of the heat.
D) It was the unpleasant journey which made the heat.
4. Thomas Savery invented the steam engine.
A) The steam engine which was useful was invented by Thomas Savery.
B) The steam engine which was invented by Thomas Savery was useful.
C) The person who invented the steam engine was Thomas Savery.
D) The steam engine was invented by Thomas Savery.
5. Ali ibn Nafi’ revolutionised the musical theory in the world.
A) The thing that Ali ibn Nafi’ revolutionised in the world was the musical theory.
B) The person who revolutionised the musical theory in the world is Ali ibn Nafi’.
C) It was Ali ibn Nafi’ who revolutionised the musical theory in the world.
D) The thing which revolutionised Ali ibn Nafi’ was the musical theory in the world.
6. ______________ me how to play with the drum.
a. It was my uncle who taught b. It is my uncle teaching
c. My uncle who taught d. It was my uncle taught
7. The year when Petra was made a World Heritage Site _______ 1985 CE.
a. was b. be c. are d. been

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8. My father has influenced me most.
A) I was the person who has been influenced most by my father.
B) It was me who has been influenced most by my father.
C) The person who has influenced me most is my father.
D) The person who has been most influenced by my father is me.
9. Huda won the prize for Art last year.
A) The person who won the prize for Art last year was Huda.
B) The Prize that Huda won last year was for Art.
C) It was the year that Huda won the prize for Art.
D) The prize which was won by Huda last year was for Art.
10. Dr. Jamal revolutionised the nutrition system in the world.
A) The thing that Dr. Jamal revolutionised in the world was the nutrition system.
B) The person who revolutionised the nutrition system in the world is Dr. Jamal.
C) It was Dr. Jamal who revolutionised the nutrition system in the world.
D) The thing which revolutionised Dr. Jamal was the nutrition system in the world.

11. ____________ to the invention of the oud was Al-Kindi.

A) The person who contributed B) The person who contributing
C) It is the person who contributed D) It is Al-Kindi who contributed

12. I like English most of all.

A) The person that I liked most of all has been English.
B) The subject that I like most of all is English.
C) The subject which I like most of all was English.
D) The person which I liked most of all has been English.

13. My boss sent the signed contract to his colleague on Tuesday.

A) It was Tuesday that my boss who sent the signed contract to his colleague.
B) It was his colleague that my boss sent the signed contract to on Tuesday.
C) It was my boss who sent the signed contract to his colleague on Tuesday.
D) It was the signed contract that my boss sent to his colleague on Tuesday.

14. _____________ Jabir Ibn Hayyan did his research in a laboratory was Iraq.
A) The country when B) The year when C) The place when D) The country where

15. Maher found studying Maths the most difficult at school.

A) It is studying Maths that Maher finds the most difficult at school.
B) It was the most difficult at school studying Maths that Maher found.
C) It is studying Maths that Maher found the most difficult at school.
D) It was studying Maths that Maher found the most difficult at school.

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 16. It _______ 11 p.m. when I stopped working
A) be B) is C) was D) been
17. I like Geography most of all.
A) The subject that I like most of all is Geography
B) The subject I like most of all was Geography
C) That the subject that I liked most of all is Geography
D) That I like most of all is Geography
18. The heat made the journey unpleasant.
A) It was the heat which made the journey unpleasant.
B) It is the heat that made the journey unpleasant.
C) It was the heat which makes the journey unpleasant.
D) It is the heat which made the journey unpleasant.
19. _______ Jabir Ibn Hayyan did his research in a laboratory was Iraq.
A) The person who B) It is the country which
C) The country where C) It was the country which

20. The person who won Nobel Prize for literature in 1988 was Naguib Mahfouz
A) The year when Naguib Mahfouz won Nobel Prize for literature was 1988
B) The person who won Nobel Prize for literature in 1988 was Naguib Mahfouz
C) It was Naguib Mahfouz who won Nobel Prize for literature in 1988
D) The thing that Naguib Mahfouz won in 1988 was Nobel Prize for literature

21. The Olympic Games were held in London in 2012 CE

A) in 2012 CE that the Olympic Games were held in London
B) It is in 2012 CE that the Olympic Games were held in London
C) It was in 2012 CE that the Olympic Games were held in London
D) It in 2012 CE that the Olympic Games were held in London

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20 T. Mwafaq Jabateh 0797193814

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