Terminologies and History

Terminologies

1. Ace
▪ An in-bounds legal serve that the opponents cannot return,
resulting in a point for the serving team

2. Antenna
▪ The vertical rods along the outside edge of the net, they extend
32 inches above the net and indicate out-of-bounds along the
sideline
3. Assist
▪ Passing or setting the ball to a teammate, who attacks the ball for
a kill.
4. Attack
▪ The offensive action of hitting the ball, the attempt by one team
to terminate the play by hitting the ball to the floor on the
opponent's side.
5. Attack block
▪ Receiving players aggressive attempts to block a spiked ball
before it crosses the net.
6. Attack line
▪ A line three meters from the net, the attack line separates the
front-row players from the back-now players.
7. Attacker
▪ Also "hitter" and "spiker" a player who attempts to hit a ball
offensively with the purpose of terminating play in his or her
team's favor.
8. Back-row attack
▪ An attack in which a back-row player jumps from behind the nine-
meter line and attacks the ball.
9. Back set
▪ A set made when the setter's back is toward the hitter Beach dig.
An open-handed hit of the ball.
10. Block
▪ A defensive play by one or more players meant to intercept a
spiked hall, the combination of one, two, or three players
 jumping in front of the opposing spiker and contacting the
spiked ball with the hands.
11. Block Assist
▪ It is given when two or three players participate in a successful
block at the same time. Also known as collective block
▪ A “block assist” is a frequently used volleyball statistical term
used to give credit to a player or players who created a double
or triple block by assisting a teammate who blocked an
opponent for a point during a rally.
12. Bump
▪ Descriptive slang for forearm passing.
13. Bump pass
▪ The use of joined forearms to pass or set a ball in an underhand
manner.
14. Campfire
▪ A ball that falls on the floor and is surrounded by two or more
players. The moment it hits the floor it looks like the players are
encircling the ball and starting a campfire.
15. Center line
▪ The line directly under the net that divides the court into two
equal halves.
16. Closing the block
▪ The responsibility of the assisting blocker(s) to angle the body
relative to the first blocker.
17. Cross-court shot
▪ An individual attack directed at an angle from one end of the
offensive team’s side of the net to the opposite sideline of the
defensive team's court.
18. Cut shot
▪ A spike from the hitter's strong side that travels at a sharp
angle across the net.
19. Decoy
▪ An offensive play meant to disguise the spiker who will receive
the set Deep set A set to be hit away from the net to confuse
the blockers.
20. Dig
 ▪ Passing a spiked or rapidly hit hall, slang for the art of retrieving
an attacked ball close to the floor Dink. Also "tip a legal push of
the ball around or over blockers.
21. Dink
▪ A legal pushing of the ball over the blockers.
22. Double block
▪ Two players working in unison to intercept a ball at the net.
23. Double hit
▪ Successive hits by the same player (illegal). Double quick. Two
hitters approaching the setter for a quick inside hit.
24. Doubles
▪ A game with two players on a side.
25. Down ball
▪ A ball the blockers elect not to attempt to block because it has
been set too far from the net or the hitter is not under control.
26. Five-one
▪ An offensive system that uses five hitters and one setter.
27. Five set
▪ Set to the right front hitter with a back set.
28. Flair
▪ Inside-out path of an outside spiker who hid behind a quick
hitter
29. Floater
▪ A serve with no spin that follows an erratic path.
30. Footfault
▪ When a player steps over the line while serving, which results in
a point for the opposing team.
31. Forearm pass
▪ A pass in which the player's arms are joined from the elbows to
the wrists: the player strikes the ball with the fleshy part of his
or her forearms in an underhand motion.
32. Foul
▪ A violation of the rules
33. Four set
▪ A set one foot from the sideline, and on to two feet above the
net.
34. Four-two
▪ An offensive system using four hitters and two setters.
35. Free ball
▪ A ball that will be returned by a pass rather than a spike the
receiving team should move into serve receive positions.
36. Hard-Driven Spike
▪ A hard-driven spike is a hard-hit ball that travels forcefully down
toward the opponent court.
37. Held ball
▪ A ball that comes to rest during contact, resulting in a foul.
38. Hit
▪ To jump and strike the ball with a forceful overhand shot.
39. Hitter
▪ Also "spiker or "attacker", the player who is responsible for
hitting the ball.
40. Inside shoot ▪ A play set, a 33.
41. Isolation play
▪ A play designed to isolate the attacker on a specific defender.
42. Joust
▪ Jousting in volleyball is when the ball is falling somewhere near
the centerline of the net, and both teams are able to make a
play on it
43. Jump serve
▪ A serve in which the server runs then jumps high to serve. It is
difficult but effective because speed is generated and the
contact is made from a higher point.
44. Jungle ball
▪ Any gathering of people playing volleyball who don't use correct
techniques.
45. Key
▪ To discern the opposing team's next play by observing its
patterns or habits.
46. Kill
▪ An attack that results in an immediate point or side out.
47. Let
▪ When a serve hits the top of the net and rolls onto the other
side, resulting in a point.
48. Line
▪ The marks that serve as boundaries of a court.
49. Line shot
 ▪ A ball spiked along the opponent's sideline that is closest to the
hitter and outside the block.
50. Middle back
▪ A defensive system that uses the middle back player to cover
deep spikes.
51. Middle up
▪ A defensive system that uses the middle back player to cover
dinks or short slots.
52. Mintonette
▪ The original name of the game of volleyball which was created
by William Morgan.
53. Multiple offense
▪ A system of play that uses various sets, not just outside regular
sets.
54. Offside block
▪ The player at the net on the side that is away from opponent's
attack.
55. Off-speed hit
▪ A ball that loses power quickly because it was hit with less than
usual force.
56. Off-speed shot
▪ Any ball spiked with less than maximum force but with spin.
57. Off-speed Spike
▪ An off-speed spike is a controlled spike ball placed in an open
area of the court.
58. On hand
▪ A ball set from the same side as the attacker's favored hand
also called "strong side”.
59. Overhand pass
▪ A pass made with both hands open controlled by the fingers,
with the player's face below the ball.
60. Overhand serve
▪ A serve in which a player strikes the ball with his or her hand
above the shoulder.
61. Overhead pass
▪ A ball-handling skill in which the player uses both hands
simultaneously to contact the ball above the head and to direct
it to the intended target.
62. Pancake
▪ A one-hand door defensive technique where the player's
extended hand slides along the floor palm down while the player
dives or extension rolls so that the ball bounces off the back of
the player's hand.
63. Pass
▪ The first hit which is aimed at the setter.
64. Power alley
▪ A cross-court hit that travels away from the spiker to the
farthest point of the court.
65. Ready position
▪ The flexed yet comfortable posture a player assumes before
moving to the point of contact.
66. Roof
▪ To block a spike, usually straight down for a point.
67. Rotation
▪ The clockwise movement of players around the court and
through the serving position following a side out
68. Serve
▪ One of the six basic volleyball skills; the serve puts the ball into
play.
69. Service error
▪ An unsuccessful serve that occurs by the ball landing out of
bounds, failing to clear the net, or a foot fault from the server.
70. Reception error
▪ When a player is unable to return a serve that should have been
returned, and it results in an ace.
1. Roll shot
▪ An offensive play similar to a spike, but a hitter will make contact
underneath the ball and move their arm upwards instead of
swinging down. This type of shot is meant to go high enough to
avoid a block and is typically aimed around 10 feet away from
the net.
2. Set
▪ The tactical skill in which a ball is directed to a point where a
player can spike it into the opponent's court.
3. Setter
▪ The player who makes the set to the attackers.
4. Shank
▪ A wild and unplayable pass.
5. Shot
▪ An offensive play in which a ball is set and directed into an open
area on the court.
6. Side out
▪ Occurs when the receiving team successfully puts the ball away
against the serving team, or when the serving team commits an
unforced error the receiving beam thus gains the right to serve.
7. Six Pack
▪ This term is used to describe when a blocking player is hit in the
face or head by an opponent's spike
8. Spike
▪ Also "hit" or "attack", a ball contacted with force by a player on
the offensive team with the intent to terminate the bell on the
opponent's floor or off the opponent's blocker.
9. Sprawl
▪ A technique used to get to a low serve or spoke.
10. Standing Spike
▪ is attacking a ball from a standing ball from a standing position. It
is also referred to as down ball.
11. Strong side
▪ Left side of the court for right-handed hitters.
12. Stuff
▪ A ball that is deflected back to the attacking team's floor by the
opponent's blockers.
13. Stuff Block
▪ A stuff block is when a player jumps above the net and blocks the
ball back into the person that spiked the ball
14. Target area
▪ The area toward which the pass is directed; the setter is released
into this area to prepare to set.
15. Tip
▪ Another term for dink. A soft and off-speed attack done with the
fingertips.
16. Transition
▪ The term for changing from offense to defense or defense to
offense; it must be done quickly and accurately.
 17. Triple Block
▪ A triple block refers to a three-player block formed when both of
the outside blockers join the middle blocker to jump
simultaneously with the intention of preventing an attack hit
18. Underhand pass ▪ Same as a bump.
19. Volley
▪ An overhand pass or set.
20. Weak side
▪ Right side of the court.
21. Wipeoff
▪ An offensive shot that is brushed off the blocker's arms then goes
out of bounds
22. Zones
▪ A numbering system that designates the placement of a player
the target area of the ball. A common numbering system
designates the back right third of the court the area of the
server) as zone 1, Zone 2 is the right front court. Zone 3 is the
middle front third of the court Zone 4 is the left front third.
Zone 5 is the left back area and zone 6 is the middle back area

History
William J. Morgan who was the PE director of the YMCA, invented the game
“volleyball” in the year 1895 at Holyoke, Massachusetts. The game
volleyball was originally called Mintonette. In 1896 A.T. Halstead suggested
to be renamed as Volleyball because of the nature of the game. July 17,
189,6 was the first official volleyball game. In 1916, the offensive action of
the set and spike was developed in the Philippines. In 1917, the game was
changed to 21 to 15 pts. In the year 1947, the Fédération Internationale de
Volleyball or FIVB was founded in Paris.

Court
The game is played in a court measuring 9m wide and 18 m long divided by
a line at the center.
Net

▪ The net is placed vertically over the center line with the top measuring
2.43 m for men and 2.24 m for women.
Score Card

▪ Score cards are used to keep score during volleyball matches.

Penalty Card

▪ similar to soccer, volleyball has yellow and red cards.

Whistle

▪ The whistle is used to call captains over for the pre-match coin toss, to
start and end warm up periods, and to start and end rallies.
Technical and Tactical Skill
1. Serving - The skill is used to start the game or continue it after
a point has been made.
Two Types of Service:
Underhand Serve - It is hitting the ball from below.
Overhand Serve - It is hitting the ball from above, at a level
higher than the head
2. Receiving - It involves returning the ball from a service, spike,
or any type of hit from the other side of the court.
3. Passing - It involves deflecting the ball toward the direction of a
player's teammate. A player is not allowed to catch or hold the ball.
4. Setting

•This leads a pass or a setup for an attack. It requires good ball

control to make the following spike successful. The ball is tossed
up high using fingers.
4. Spiking
• This is an effective, skills and very difficult to return.
This is where the action happens. Spiking both looks and feels fantastic
when executed well.
. Digging

• This is a defensive bump that keeps the ball from hitting the
floor when it is sent to your side of the court with an offensive
attack called a spike.
 •A dig is a defensive bump that keeps the ball from hitting the
floor when it is hit to your side of the court from an offensive
strike of the other team.
Blocking

•This is a defense performed by two or three members of the

team to deflect a ball coming from a spike.
Offensive strategies refer to an action plan to score a point.
• For an offense is a 6-2.
• Offensive play is the 5-1.

Defensive strategies are a reaction to offensive plays.

• Ensuring the ball does not hit the floor
Officiating Officials
There are four types of officiating officials in volleyball the Referee,
Scorekeeper, Assistant scorekeeper, and Line judges:

1. REFEREE - is the individual at the center of the court, dressed in

black and white stripes. A referee’s duties include signaling when a
rally begins and ends. The referee is responsible for officially
recognizing team requests, substitutions, and time-outs, and
communicating with the coaches at the appropriate times.

2. SCOREKEEPER – the scorekeeper creates official records of

volleyball games. Before play begins, the scorekeeper records
team and player information. The scorekeeper keeps an eye on the
individual serving the ball to track the rotation and notify referees
of potential lapses. At the close of the game, the scorekeeper
records the final score of the game.

3. ASSISTANT SCOREKEEPER - assistant scorekeeper or libero

tracker is responsible for updating the scoreboard and keeping an
eye on the libero. The libero tracking duty was added in 1999. This
individual records changes in the libero rotation, notifying referees
when problems occur in the rotation.
 4. LINE JUDGES - There are usually two line judges, one at either
end of the court, usually in opposite corners. Line judges work with
the referees, signaling to assist in making judgment calls. These
officials often use flags to signal when a ball is in or out, hits the
antennae of the net, or when the server commits a foot fault, or
steps outside the line as they serve.
Hand Signals

▪ Point - Winner of the rally. One finger raised on the side of the court
that won the rally
▪ Ball in bounds- Pointing to the Area of the court were the ball landed
▪ Out of bounds- Ball is out of bounds, outside antenna or player
illegally in adjacent court
▪ Touch- Ball is out of bounds after contacting a player.
▪ 4contacts- Four fingers up. You only get 3 contacts.
▪ Carry- Held, thrown or carried ball. Too much contact time.
▪ Double Hit- Two fingers up. Ball contacted more than once by a
player. The block does not count.
▪ Begin serve- The official indicates that the player may now serve.
▪ Net violation- The serve or a player touches the net.
▪ Play Over- Two thumbs up. A fault by both teams a serve over or
officials inadvertent whistle or mistake.
▪ Time out- Each team only get Two 60 seconds time out per game.
▪ Over the net- Contacting the ball before it has broken the plane of
the net or before the opposition hits in.
▪ Out of rotation- At the time of service you must not overlap the
person directly next to you.
▪ Back row attack- Attacking the ball above the net and leaving from
in front of the 3 meter line.
▪ Substitution- A team is substituting one player for another ▪ Change
Sides- Between games or halfway through a deciding game.
▪ Game over- Same for the end of the match.
Basic Rule Violations

▪ In volleyball there are two types of rule violations to avoid: Playing

Violations and Technical Violations.

Playing Violations

➢ Hitting the ball into or under the net, outside the antennae and
beyond the boundaries of the opponent's court.
➢ If the ball to touch the ground on your side of the court.

Technical Rule Violations

➢ Technical foul
➢ Carrying or holding the ball or having prolonged contact with the ball.
 KICKBALL
What is Kickball?
Kickball is a sport that was started in the US.
The objective of the game is to score more runs than the other team.
HISTORY
Which Country Started Kickball?
The game of kickball was invented in the United States originally as kick baseball.
Specifically, it was started in Cincinnati, Ohio
Who Invented Kickball?
Kick baseball was invented by the supervisor of Cincinnati Park Playgrounds Nicholas C.
Seuss
When was Kickball Established?
The original game of kickball was created by Seuss in 1917. The sport reached the
curriculum of the public school system in the United States in the early 1920s
When did Kickball Become Popular?
Kickball became popular almost as soon as it was created. It became popular in physical
education classes throughout the country. It was also played overseas by soldiers
during World War II in order to pass time.
Most Popular Countries that Play Kickball
• United States – Kickball
• South Korea – Foot Baseball
•Japan – Quickbase
• Canada – California Kickball or Soccer Baseball

GAMEPLAY
• Kickball is a simple game consisting of two teams, bases, and a big red ball. Played
like baseball, the object is to score more runs than the opposing team.
• In short, games are played with 8-11 fielders, 5 innings, no head shots, one base on
an overthrow, force outs, no ghost men, and bunting is allowed so get a good catcher
on your team.

THE PLAYING FIELD

kickball diamond is a square with equal sides of 60 feet or about 20 paces with a base
at each corner;
 POSITION
The Catcher
• The catcher in kickball is a position on a kickball team and the player who crouches
behind home plate catching all pitches thrown by the pitcher.
The Center Fielder
• The center fielder in kickball is a position on a kickball team and a player who stands
in center field. Center fielders usually catch kicks hit high into the air and throw to the
second baseman.
The First Baseman
• The first baseman in kickball is an infielder position who stands on or near first base
and is responsible for tag outs and force outs in this direction.
The Left Fielder
• The left fielder in kickball is an outfielder who stands in left field and catches any
kicked ball that comes that direction. The left fielder usually throws to the second
baseman or third baseman.
The Pitcher
• The pitcher in kickball is a fielder who stands on the pitching mount. The pitcher
throws pitchers to the kicker at-bat. On a pitch, the pitcher must keep at least one foot
behind the pitching strip.
The Right Fielder
• The right fielder in kickball is an outfielder position who stands in right field. Right
fielders usually throw to the second baseman or first baseman depending on the play.
The Second Baseman
• The second baseman in kickball is an infielder or baseman who stands on 2nd base.
The Shortstop
• The shortstop in kickball is a filder position in between the 2nd baseman and 3rd
baseman who is responsible for fielding and catching any ball that comes this way.
The Third Baseman
• The third baseman in kickball is one of three basemen positioned on first base,
second base, or third base. The other basemen are the 2nd baseman and 1st baseman.

EQUIPMENT
A ball
• You can play kickball recreationally with just about any bouncy ball or dodgeball you
can find, but at higher levels of play the regulation balls are 10 inches in diameter at a
pressure of 1.5 lbs per square inch.
Kickball Bases
• Kickball uses three square bases and a five-sided home plate to play ball. These bases
are typically made of rubber and are not reinforced into the playing field, so it's
important for runners to be careful not to move the bases when playing.
Jersey
SHORTS
SOCKS
SHOES