Statistics and

Probability
Quarter 4 – Module 15:
Illustrating the Nature of
Bivariate Data

CO_Q4_Statistics and Probability SHS

Module 15
Statistics and Probability – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 15: Illustrating the Nature of Bivariate Data
First Edition, 2021

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 Statistics and
Probability
Quarter 4 – Module 15:
Illustrating the Nature of
Bivariate Data
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

Making sound decisions is a very important skill that needs to be developed among
individuals. Some people even claim that life is the product of every decision he
makes. Thus, the data and variables involved should be carefully examined and
studied before making decisions. In this ADM module, you will be introduced to
different nature of data that we usually encounter in real life.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe the nature of bivariate data;
2. differentiate bivariate data from univariate data; and
3. determine the variables involved in the given bivariate data.
Are you ready now to study bivariate data using your ADM module? Good luck and
may you find it helpful.

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 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Data that involve two variables are called______.

a. nivariate data c. trivariate data
b. bivariate data d. multivariate data

2. Which of the following is the statistical procedure used to describe the

relationship of the variables of bivariate data?
a. measures of variation c. descriptive statistics
b. correlation analysis d. measures of central tendency

3. Determine the variables involved in the given situation: Cardo surveyed for
the daily allowance and the arm span of his 10 classmates, and he found out
that there is no correlation between the variables involved.
a. height and arm span of students
b. weight and height of the student
c. daily allowance and height of students
d. Daily allowance and arm span of students

4. What do you call those data that involve one variable?

a. bivariate c. trivariate
b. ultivariate d. univariate

5. “A MAPEH teacher wanted to determine the students’ Body Mass Index (BMI).”
What are the variables needed by the teacher?
a. weight of the students
A. height of the students
B. height and weight of the students
C. height and allowance of the students

6. “A teacher computed that the mean percentage of score of Grade 8-Integrity

on their 50-item test in Mathematics is 72.50.” What type of data is illustrated
on the situation?
a. Bivariate c. trivariate
b. Multivariate d. univariate

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7. A pre-service teacher concluded that based on his study, the number of
minutes a student spends in browsing Facebook is significantly related to his
scores in a set of tests. How many variables are involved in the study?
a. one c. three
b. two d. four

8. From question number 7, what type of data is presented?

a. bivariate c. trivariate
b. multivariate d. univariate

9. “Chester’s average grade from his 9 subjects is 92.38.” Which of the following
words will make you decide that the data presented is univariate?
a. Subjects c. average
b. Grade d. 92.38

10. “A nutritionist advised his patient that the more protein he

consumes, the more weight he will gain.” What are the variables presented
on the given statement?
a. weight and height
b. weight and calorie intake
c. protein consumption and weight
d. protein consumption and visceral fat gain

11. Which of the following is not used to describe data that fall under
univariate category?
a. mean c. correlation analysis
b. mode d. measure of dispersion

12. A grade 10 student realized from his Araling Panlipunan subject

that the price of a certain good is inversely proportional to its
supply. What type of data is being presented?
a. multivariate c. trivariate
b. univariate d. bivariate

13. According to the record of World Health Organization (WHO) on COVID-19

cases around the world, it was found out that those infected persons around
60 years old and above and those who have comorbidities or the presence of
more than one disorder have high chances of succumbing to death due to the
effect of the said virus. From what type of data did the conclusion come from?
a. Bivariate c. trivariate
b. Multivariate d. univariate

14. From an experiment conducted by a group of researchers, they found out

that students who perform good in Mathematics also perform good in
English based on the results of their test scores. What are the variables
involved in the study?

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 a. tests in Mathematics and English
b. insufficient information to determine
c. scores in Mathematics and English tests
d. questions on the tests in Mathematics and English

15. “Rommel got the following grades on his 9 subjects: six 90s, one 92,
and two 89s. Without computing the average, he estimated that his
general average would be around 90.” Based on the given situation,
what is/are the variable/s?
a. 9 subjects
b. grades on his 9 subjects
c. average on his 9 subjects
d. his general average and his 9 subjects

Lesson
Illustrating the Nature of
1 Bivariate Data
A variable is an attribute or characteristic that may take more than one value which
can either be measured or classified. The height and weight of students, number of
hours students spend in studying at home, and daily allowance of students are
examples of variables. From such variables, information are collected and analyzed.
If we are given a bivariate data, the degree of association between the two variables
can be determined.

In this lesson, we will deal with the nature of variables and data collected.

What’s In

Where Am I Now?
Identify the variables involved in the following situations.

Situation Variable/s
Involved
Example: Height
Luffy measured the height of his 10 classmates
and determined their average height.
1. Zorro surveyed his cousins’ shoe sizes and
weight.

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 2. Nami conducted a survey to determine the
number of household members in their
barangay.
3. Sanji interviewed 10 students about their
daily money allowance and weight.
4. Teacher Kim recorded his students’ scores
from IQ and math tests.
5. Karina recorded her daily profit in selling
cassava cake.

From the activity, answer the following questions.

1. Are there situations that involve one variable? two variables?

____________________________________________________________________
2. Do you think there are situations that could involve more than two
variables?
____________________________________________________________________

3. If a situation involves two variables, is it necessary for the variables to be

related?
____________________________________________________________________

Notes to the Teacher

Check the student’s level of readiness for the next topic. If
s/he did not answer most of the items and the guide questions
correctly, you may provide another review activity on identifying
variable/s in a given situation.

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 What’s New

Math Analogy!
Examine the following sets of words or phrase. Look at the first pair and examine
how the two concepts relate to each other. Then, select the best word/phrase that
would complete the second pair to show the same relationship.

1. one-wheeled bike: unicycle:: horse with a horn:_________

a. griffin b. merlion c. Pegasus d. unicorn

2. two-wheeled bike: ______:: single-variable data: univariate data

a. bicycle b. jeepney c. motorboat d. tricycle

3. three- wheeled vehicle: tricycle:: two variables: __________

a. bivariate b. multivariate c. non-variate d. univariate

4. bivariate: correlation analysis:: univariate: _______________

a. t-test c. Pearson r
b. z-test d. mean, mode, median

5. height of students: univariate::IQ scores and test scores: _________

a. bivariate c. non-variate
b. multivariate d. univariate

Guide Questions:

1. How is the word “variable” related to the given activity?

_____________________________________________________________________

2. How are you going to describe bivariate data?

_____________________________________________________________________

3. Is there a method or way to determine whether a relationship exists between

the variables in a bivariate data? How?

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 What is It

Data that involve one variable is called univariate data. Univariate data are often
described using the measures of central tendency (mean or average, mode, and
median), variations, or other descriptive statistics. Here are examples of univariate
data:

Examples Variable involved

Department of Health (DOH) recorded number of infected cases
the number of infected COVID-19
cases from April 14 to May 21, 2020 in
the Philippines.
World Health Organization (WHO) number of COVID-19 recoveries
summarized the number of COVID-19
recoveries around the world.

Data that involve two variables are called bivariate data. The statistical procedure
used to determine and describe the relationship between two variables is called
correlation analysis.

Examples Variables involved

In Tayabas City public market, a supply and price of vegetable
consumer observed that the fewer the
supply of vegetables is, the higher the
price gets.
The Quezon provincial government gave number of household members and
emphasis that limiting the number of rate of COVID-19 infection
household members going outside to
purchase essential goods will help
decrease the rate of COVID -19
infection in the province.

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 What’s More

Activity 1.1
Determine the number of variables involved in the following situations.

Situation Number of Variables Involved

1. Mr. Gonzales will donate face
masks to the people in his
barangay. He asked a health
worker to survey the number of
family members living in each
house on his barangay.
2. To properly compensate an
employee, the administrative aid
records the number of hours their
employees are working and their
respective take home pay.
3. A school nurse finds out the
number of hours of sleep of 20
students and their weight in
kilograms.
4. A doctor’s secretary records the
number of minutes a patient
spends for a medical check-up.
5. A nursing student investigates the
number of hours of sleep of 20
patients and their red blood cells
count.

Activity 1.2
Identify the variable/s in each situation below.

Situation Variable/s

1. Jake, a STEM student, was tasked to conduct a

survey on the number of hours students spend in
playing online games like Mobile Legends.
2. Reid, an Accountancy and Business Management
student, wanted to determine his classmates’
average daily allowance and their weight in
kilogram.
3. Mea recorded the height of her 8 classmates.
4. Robin asked the height of his friends and their
mothers.

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 5. Jacent interviewed 5 of her students on the
number of hours they spend in studying a lesson
and their grade in Mathematics 11.
6. An ABM student surveyed his teachers’ monthly
salary and their weight.
7. A Grade 7 student interviewed 10 teachers about
their number of years in service.
8. A student determined his classmates’ weight and
their mothers’ weight.
9. A school nurse recorded the age and the blood
pressure of the teachers.
10. A HUMMS student surveyed Grade 8 students
on the number of hours spent in using Facebook.

Activity 1.3: Univariate or Bivariate?

Determine whether the following situations involve univariate or bivariate data.

1. A secretary recorded the daily number of patients a doctor has for a month
during the General Community Quarantine.
2. A researcher observed the number of minutes it takes for students to answer
a worded problem in Math and the number of hours they spend in studying
the subject for a grading period.
3. A researcher records the number of infected COVID-19 patients and the
number of days they spent in the hospital before recovering from the disease.
4. A housewife finds out that their average electric consumption during the
quarantine period costs P 1,230.00.
5. A group of researchers found out that long hours spent by students in
browsing the Facebook application has negative effect on their academic
grades.

Activity 1.4:

Determine the variables in the following situations and identify whether they involve
univariate or bivariate data.

Situation Variable/s Univariate or

Bivariate
1. A security guard of a
supermarket estimates that on
the average, the number of
customers entering the
supermarket’s premises is 85.
2. A student researcher concluded
that the number of hours of
sleep is highly related to the
blood count of the students.

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 3. A mother asked her daughters
to minimize their electric
consumption so their monthly
electric bill will not be high.
4. A nutritionist advised her
patient that few hours of sleep
results to unhealthy weight
gain.
5. A school teacher finds out that
on the average, only 30% in
each class has internet access
in their homes.

What I Have Learned

Complete the following statements. Write the answers in your notebook.

1. Univariate data consist of only __________ variable.

2. Data that involve two variables are called ____________.
3. The statistical treatments used to describe univariate data are measure of
variation and measure of ____________________ tendency.
4. The statistical analysis that can be used in bivariate data is _______________.
5. If the data given in an experiment can only be described by the measure of
central tendency and variation, then the type of data given is ______________.

What I Can Do

Create/cite three (3) examples of situations observable in your community that

involve bivariate data. Then, answer the questions below.

1. What are the variables present in your examples?

2. Describe the relationship of the variables involved in your examples.

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. What do you call a set of data that involves 2 variables?
a. Univariate c. trivariate
b. Bivariate d. multivariate

2. Which of the following situations involve bivariate type of data?

a. Joan recorded the daily allowance of her 50 classmates.
b. Kassandra recorded the number of minutes 25 gym enthusiasts spend
doing their work-out routines.
c. Zoe estimated that the average number of students with internet
connection in a class of 50 students is 17.
d. Cedrick surveys the purchasing power and the number of hours spent
for overtime work of 50 employees of a certain company.

3. In a Zumba class, an instructor recorded the number of minutes spent by the

15 participants and the number of calories they burned within the month.
What are the variables presented in the situation above?
a. number of minutes spent and the burned calories
b. number of sessions attended and the burned calories
c. burned calories and number of days spent in the session
d. number of minutes spent and number of days present during the class

4. A health enthusiast finds out that the volume of water intake of an individual
has an inverse effect on the accumulation of fats in his body. Does the
situation presented involve bivariate data?
a. No, because there are four variables involved.
b. Yes, because there are two variables involved.
c. No, because there are three variables involved.
d. No, because there is only one variable involved.

5. Determine the variables involved in the situation below:

“Asta’s goal for the summer vacation is to have a healthy and fit body. He
recorded the number of minutes he spends daily in doing abdominal exercises
and his weight for 30 days. He found out that the longer he does abdominal
exercise, the more weight he loses.”
a. Asta’s weight

b. Number of days spent and weight

c. Number of minutes doing abdominal exercise and weight
d. Number of minutes doing abdominal exercise and weight loss

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6. “A teacher computed that the mean percentage of score of his advisory class in
their Achievement Test in Mathematics is 81.70.” What type of data is illustrated
in the situation?

e. bivariate c. trivariate
f. multivariate d. univariate

7.A teacher concluded in his study that the scores obtained by his 50 students
in Mathematics and Science examinations are positively related. How many
variables are involved in the study?

a.one c. three
b.two d. four

8. Zorro is a hardworking student who supports his study by selling

cooking oil. Zorro’s average income in selling cooking oil for the past 10
days is Php340. Which of the following will make you decide that the
data is univariate?
a. 10 days c. cooking oil
b. Php340 d. average income

9. A nutritionist advised his patient that few hours of sleep makes a person
heavier according to studies. What are the variables presented?
a. hours of sleep
b. weight and calorie intake
c. hours of sleep and weight
d. protein consumption and visceral fat gain

10. Which of the following can be used to describe data that fall under univariate
category?
a. scatter plot
b. scatter diagram
c. correlation analysis
d. measure of central tendency

11. A Grade 11 student learned from his Economics subject that when the supply
of a product is limited, its price gets higher than the average price. On the
other hand, if there is an increase in supply, its price gets lower. What
type of data is being presented?
a. bivariate
b. multivariate
c. trivariate
d. univariate

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12. “A teacher found out that 80% to 90% of the students in class decided to
enroll for the incoming school year despite the threat of COVID-19 infections
in their city.” What type of data is presented above?
a. bivariate
b. univariate
c. multivariate
d. cannot be determined due to lack of data

13. From an experiment conducted by a group of researchers, they found out that
those students who perform well in English may not perform well in
Mathematics based on the results of their test scores. What are the variables
involved in the study?
a. tests in Mathematics and English
b. scores in Mathematics and English tests
c. scores in the test and the test questions
d. test questions in Mathematics and English

14. “Carla got the following grades on her 8 subjects: three 87s, one 90, two 89s,
and two 85s. Without computing the average, she estimated that his general
average would be around 87.” Based on the given situation, what type of data
is presented?
a. Bivariate c. trivariate
b. Multivariate d. univariate

15. “A student asked his 30 classmates their Body Mass Index (BMI) and the
number of glasses of water they drink daily. He found out that those students
who consume 8-12 glasses of water daily have normal BMI.” What type of data
is presented on the situation above?
a. bivariate c. trivariate
b. multivariate d. univariate

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 Additional Activities

Complete the statements below.

Data collected from surveys, studies, and the likes can involve one, two, or
more variables. These quantitative variables are anything measurable like the height
of students, weight, test scores, and many more. If data involves only one variable,
(1)
it is called __________ (2)
data, while if data involve two variables, it is called _________
data.

Data that involves one variable is usually described using the measures of
(3)
central tendency, namely ___________, median, and mode. This type of data can also
be described using the measures of dispersion.

Data that involve two variables are usually described through the use of
(4)
__________ analysis and graphs like scatterplot or scatter diagram.

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 Module 15
CO_Q4_Statistics and Probability SHS 15
Activity 1.2
1. number of hours in
playing ML
2. average daily
allowance and weight
3.height of students
4. height of students
and height of their
mother
5. number of hours
What’s More spent in studying and
grade in Math 11
Activity 1.1
6. monthly salary and What I Have
1. one
weight Learned
2. two 1. one
7. number of years in
3. two service 2. bivariate
3. central
4. one 8. students’ weight and 4. correlation analysis
mothers’ weight 5. univariate
5. two
9. age and blood
pressure
What I Know What I Know
10. number of hours in
1. B using Facebook 1. B
2. B 2. B
3. D What’s In 3. D
4. D 4. D
5. C 1. shoe sizes and 5. C
6. D weight 6. D
7. B 2. number of 7. B
8. A household 8. A
9. C members 9. C
10. C 3. daily money 10. C
allowance and
11. C 11. C
weight
12. D 4. IQ and Math test 12. D
13. D scores 13. D
14. C 5. daily profit 14. C
15. B 15. B
Answer Key
Assessment
1. B
2. D
3. A
4. B
5. C
6. D
7. B
8. D
9. C
10.D
11.A
12.B
13.B Additional
14.D Activity 1.4
15. A
Activity
1. number of
1. univariate costumer-
What I Can Do 2. bivariate univariate
2. number of hours
The students’ answers 3. mean and blood count –
may vary.
4. correlation bivariate
3. electric
What I Have consumption and
Learned Activity 1.3 electric bill –
1. one bivariate
1. univariate
2. bivariate 4. number of sleep
2. bivariate
3. central and weight –
3. bivariate
4. correlation bivariate
4. univariate
analysis 5. number of students
5. bivariate
5. univariate - univariate
References

Books

Albacea, Zita VJ., Mark John V. Ayaay, Isidoro P. David, and Imelda E. De Mesa.
Teaching Guide for Senior High School: Statistics and Probability. Quezon City:
Commision on Higher Education, 2016.

Caraan, Avelino Jr S. Introduction to Statistics & Probability: Modular Approach.

Mandaluyong City: Jose Rizal University Press, 2011.

De Guzman, Danilo. Statistics and Probability. Quezon City: C & E Publishing Inc,
2017.
Punzalan, Joyce Raymond B. Senior High School Statistics and Probability. Malaysia:
Oxford Publishing, 2018.
Sirug, Winston S. Statistics and Probability for Senior High School CORE Subject A
Comprehensive Approach K to 12 Curriculum Compliant. Manila: Mindshapers
Co., Inc., 2017.

Online Resources

Lane, David M. “Online Statistics Education: A Multimedia Course of Study.”

Accessed May 25, 2020. http://onlinestatbook.com/2/regression/intro.html

Quizizz. “Linear Regression | Algebra I Quiz” Accessed May 25, 2020.

https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5acae751c4daf70019c2369f/linear-
regression

Rourke, Emily O. “Performance Based Learning and Assessment Task Tuition Cost
Activity.” Accessed May 25, 2020. https://www.radford.edu/rumath-
smpdc/Performance/src/Emily O’Rourke - Tuition Cost Activity.pdf
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